海洋水色传感器零电平漂移校正方法探讨

某海洋水色传感器数据异常,反演产品中有大量不规则条带。通过对大量数据进行分析,确定其数据异常的主要原因是各波段均受箝位（即零电平漂移）的影响。为此,提出了基于某一清洁水体点,利用自由平差原理进行箝位校正的方法。其次,将该箝位校正方法应用于遥感影像,并对校正后的影像进行了叶绿素浓度反演,反演产品均匀性较好,细节丰富。最后,将反演产品与MODIS/Aqua 产品进行了比较,表明经过箝位校正后的信号恢复正常。从而为箝位校正研究提供了一个新的方法,为海洋水色传感器的定量化应用提供一些支持。     

CALIOP反演海洋颗粒物后向散射系数方法概述

颗粒物后向散射系数(particulate backscattering coefficient, b_bp)是海洋光学应用于海洋生态学和生物地球化学研究的核心参数。但目前常用的原位方法短时间内无法完成大范围的探测,被动水色遥感无法在缺乏光照以及有云的条件下工作,相比之下,主动遥感方式星载激光雷达可以突破以上限制,在海洋探测方面具有极大的优越性。2006年发射的CALIOP成为首个能够提供全球海洋b_bp数据的星载激光雷达,特别是为极地观测和昼夜观测提供了重要数据。文中详细介绍了CALIOP系统原理及其三级主要数据产品,重点梳理了利用CALIOP 532 nm偏振通道退偏比反演b_bp的方法以及后续的退卷积校正系统瞬态响应等改进措施,总结出了一套详细完整的反演流程,开发出对应算法并展示了b_bp的反演结果,旨在为我国未来星载海洋激光雷达的数据处理及应用工作提供参考。     

宽视场推扫式成像光谱仪杂散光校正方法研究

为了满足海洋水色宽覆盖与高灵敏度探测的遥感需求,正在研制一台宽视场推扫式成像光谱仪原理样机,针对该仪器存在的杂散光现象展开了研究。由于推扫式成像光谱仪穿轨和沿轨方向上视场存在巨大差异,这导致穿轨方向上的杂散光远大于沿轨方向,并明显地表现在图像中。为了避免杂散光影响海洋水色的定量化反演,建立了杂散光模型,并以此为基础提出了杂散光校正的方法,同时给出了校正效果的定量化表征。结果表明,该方法可以利用实验数据有效地消除成像光谱仪视场内杂散光的影响。     

CBERS-02B影像HR数据的地形效应校正实现

中巴资源卫星CBERS-02B星是我国第一颗能为众多行业提供高分辨率图像数据的卫星,广泛应用于国土资源、农业、林业、水利、环保、灾害监测、测绘、城市规划等众多领域。考虑到山区地形对高分辨影像的山区地表特征反演精度的影响,对数字高程模型(DEM)精度对地形校正的影响进行了初步分析,比较了几种常用地形校正模型：C校正、SCS+C校正、Minnaert校正和Ekstrand-r校正,并对校正结果进行了评价,结果表明以往的地形校正方法对CBERS-02B影像HR数据具有一定可行性,从而为中巴资源卫星CBERS-02B影像的地形校正提供了依据。     

基于环境星CCD数据的山区大气校正研究

山区地形崎岖，高程变化较大，遥感影像地形效应明显，地物的光谱特征容易受到干扰，导致在分类过程中对遥感影像出现误分，不利于遥感信息的提取。基于辐射传输原理，利用Python开发了针对山区的大气校正算法。所提算法充分考虑了太阳直接辐射、天空散射辐射及邻近地表反射辐射对卫星入瞳处目标辐亮度的影响，可以有效地消除地形阴影的影响。利用所提算法，结合数字高程模型（DEM），对环境减灾二号01组卫星的CCD传感器的山区数据进行大气校正研究。分析结果表明：校正后的图像地形效应减弱，图像质量得到了明显的改善，反演得到的地表反射率与实地测量的地物光谱数据比较吻合，为进一步开展定量遥感研究提供了数据质量保障。     

利用MODIS图像同时反演水色三要素的方法研究

为了建立水色三要素的反演模式,根据2003年和2004年测量的珠江口区域水色数据,采用中分辨率成像光谱仪(MODIS)图像水色通道的遥感反射率组合建立神经网络模型,同时反演珠江口水域水色三要素(叶绿素、悬浮泥沙、黄色物质)的浓度,并对模型进行验证分析.根据反演模型利用MODIS数据获取三要素的浓度图,对形成原因进行了简...     

CALIOP反演海洋颗粒物后向散射方法

云和气溶胶探测激光雷达( Cloud-aerosol lidar with orthogonal polarization, CALIOP)能够发射532 nm 和 1064 nm 两种波长激光脉冲,主要用于大气中云和气溶胶的探测。532 nm激光脉冲在海洋表面有很好的穿透性,能获得海表以下的 后向散射信号。利用CALIOP数据对直接提取水下信号和瞬态响应校正提取水下信号两种方法进行对比研究。首先,反演 得到海洋次表层水下信号,进而反演海洋颗粒物后向散射,并与中分辨率成像光谱仪(Moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer, MODIS)反演的颗粒物后向散射进行对比。颗粒物后向散射差值的均值分别为0.0035、0.0027; 标准偏差分别为0.4004、0.0042。表明校正方法反演的颗粒物后向散射与MODIS反演颗粒物后向散射更为接近。     

基于可见光红外与被动微波遥感的土壤水分协同反演

利用MODIS传感器的可见光、红外波段数据反演土壤水分在一定时段内的基准值,用被动微波传感器AMSR-E数据反演其变化量,提出将被动微波遥感数据与热红外遥感数据在模型级别协同反演大范围地表土壤水分的方法,这样每天可输出1 km×1 km的升、降轨土壤水分反演结果.以新疆为研究区,对上述方法进行了土壤水分协同反演实验,以地面实测数据为参考的验证结果表明,所提模型得到的土壤水分值与地面实测值之间相关性较高,均方根误差较小,优于单一传感器数据的反演结果,可更好地满足新疆土壤水分监测的需求.     

基于6S模型的遥感图像大气校正方法

去除大气影响是遥感影像应用中具有重要实用意义的一步,因此依据多光谱遥感数据开展了大气校正方法的研究工作.基于6S辐射模型和消除邻边效应的经验方法对ZY-3卫星影像数据进行大气校正;作为对照,对同一影像也做FLAASH(一种成熟的大气校正软件模块)大气校正处理.由结果所见,校正后影像质量得到提高;校正精度与FLAASH精度都在10％左右,具有较高准确性.     

湖泊叶绿素高光谱空谱联合遥感反演

高光谱遥感提供的精细光谱信息给水色遥感参数反演提供了广阔的前景,然而光谱分辨率高但空间分辨率较低的特点,使得目前的高光谱水色遥感反演模型和算法普遍缺乏对空间信息的有效利用,模型的精度和稳定性往往难以保证。以巢湖为研究区,利用HJ-1A卫星HSI高光谱遥感数据,结合地面实测样点数据,在深入分析叶绿素光谱特性基础上构建基于空间八邻域与遗传算法的水体叶绿素a高光谱遥感反演模型,并以matlab7.0为平台,联合光谱指数与遗传算法求解叶绿素a浓度反演模型参数,经空间邻域分析与遗传迭代,求出叶绿素浓度最优解。结果表明,遗传算法摒弃了传统的搜索方式,以光谱信息为基础,在邻近空间域上采用模拟进化方式对水色空间进行随机优化搜索,跳出了局部极值点,能够有效提高模型反演的精度。     

Joint demosaicing and denoising.

The output image of a digital camera is subject to a severe degradation due to noise in the image sensor. This paper proposes a novel technique to combine demosaicing and denoising procedures systematically into a single operation by exploiting their obvious similarities. We first design a filter as if we are optimally estimating a pixel value from a noisy single-color (sensor) image. With additional constraints, we show that the same filter coefficients are appropriate for color filter array interpolation (demosaicing) given noisy sensor data. The proposed technique can combine many existing denoising algorithms with the demosaicing operation. In this paper, a total least squares denoising method is used to demonstrate the concept. The algorithm is tested on color images with pseudorandom noise and on raw sensor data from a real CMOS digital camera that we calibrated. The experimental results confirm that the proposed method suppresses noise (CMOS/CCD image sensor noise model) while effectively interpolating the missing pixel components, demonstrating a significant improvement in image quality when compared to treating demosaicing and denoising problems independently.     

海洋B星水色仪辐射基准异常分析及修复算法研究

水色遥感产品的三要素为:叶绿素、悬浮物质和黄色物质.水色水温扫描仪(简称水色仪)作为海洋一号卫星的主载荷之一,设置了8个可见近红外探测通道,主要目的是获取全球的海色三要素分布产品,为全球海洋初级生产力分布研究提供数据.2007年发射的HY-1B星水色仪,作为零辐射基准的冷空位置在入轨初期即存在光污染,导致近红外探测通道...     

基于Gabor小波变换的机载SAR海面风向反演方法

给出了一种基于Gabor小波变换的机载合成孔径雷达（SAR）海面风向反演的新方法。该方法利用Gabor小波对SAR图像进行二次小波分解,并对小波系数作FFT变换来获取图像谱,其低波数谱连线的垂线方向就是海面风场的风向。利用该方法获得了SAR图像海面风向信息,并与àtrous算法反演结果、浮标测得的海面风向（真值）进行了比较。实验结果表明,采用该方法获得的机载SAR海面风向反演结果与海面浮标实测数据吻合,比àtrous算法有较大改进。     

一种适用于无线传感网图像节点单元的彩色图像压缩方法

针对无线传感器网络节点单元的特点,提出了一种适合这种节点单元的高效、低复杂度彩色有损压缩方法,对从图像传感器采集的原始BAYER彩色阵列图像数据进行低通滤波与降采样后,再把数据从RGB空间转换到YCbCr空间,最后利用JPEG算法对该数据进行压缩.试验结果表明该压缩方法与常规先插值后压缩方法以及类似先压缩后插值的压缩方法相比,在低码率条件下有更高的压缩性能和更低的实现复杂度.     

高分辨率卫星海洋背景成像仿真方法

海洋背景的仿真是海面目标场景仿真的关键环节,是海洋目标-背景耦合作用模拟的重要基础,决定了仿真图像中目标与背景差异特征的正确性和真实性。高分辨率遥感成像下,海面细节特征突显,以往视海表为均匀辐射面的处理方法给高分辨率海洋场景仿真造成较大误差。重点研究了海面三维形态、多组分分布与海水方向反射特性的耦合作用和辐射模型,提出了海面高分辨率遥感成像仿真方法。通过频谱分析的方法构建海面三维模型,根据海面组分分布的不同及不同位置海面法向的不同,修正了低分辨率下的海洋BRDF模型,使其满足高分辨率卫星图像的仿真应用,计算出不同组分的海面的方向反射数据,并将其与海面三维模型关联,构建了亚米级海面三维辐射模型,通过光线追踪方法建立海面零视距辐射场,并经过大气影响和传感器效应,模拟不同海况条件下卫星遥感图像。结果表明:将ZY3-02卫星实测海面图像与相同成像条件下的仿真图像对比,图像均值的误差为3.7%,标准差误差为9.9%,可以较真实地模拟高分辨率卫星成像下的海洋背景。     

Computing Coastal Ocean Surface Currents From Infrared and Ocean Color Satellite Imagery

Many previous studies have demonstrated the viability of estimating advective ocean surface currents from sequential infrared satellite imagery using the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) technique when applied to 1.1-km-resolution Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) thermal infrared imagery. Applied only to infrared imagery, cloud cover and undesirable viewing conditions (gaps in satellite data and edge-of-scan distortions) limit the spatial and temporal coverage of the resulting velocity fields. In addition, MCC currents are limited to those represented by the displacements of thermal surface patterns, and hence, isothermal flow is not detected by the MCC method. The possibility of supplementing MCC currents derived from thermal AVHRR imagery was examined, with currents calculated from 1.1-km-resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) ocean color imagery, which often have spatial patterns complementary to the thermal infrared patterns. Statistical comparisons are carried out between yearlong collections of thermal and ocean color derived MCC velocities for the central California Current. It is found that the image surface patterns and resulting MCC velocities complement one another to reduce the effects of poor viewing conditions and isothermal flow. The two velocity products are found to agree quite well with a mean correlation of 0.74, a mean rms difference of 7.4 cm/s, and a mean bias less than 2 cm/s which is considerably smaller than the established absolute error of the MCC method. Merging the thermal and ocean color MCC velocity fields increases the spatial coverage by approximately 25% for this specific case study     

Novel color demosaicking for noisy color filter array data

Single sensor digital color still/video cameras use color demosaicking to reproduce full color images from color filter array (CFA) data. The quality of interpolated image will be degraded due to the sensor noise introduced during the image capture process. Many conventional demosaicking-denoising solutions adopt the channel-dependent noise model, which may fit the CMOS/CCD image sensor less than signal-dependent noise model. In this paper, the wavelet sub-band decomposition and synthesis are applied to interpolate the CFA data with signal-dependent noise model. The major contributions of this work include: (1) The combination of LMMSE and statistical calculation in wavelet domain are utilized to suppress the signal-dependent noise, which is separated into additive noise and multiplicative noise. (2) In CFA data, it has been verified that the quantitative relationship between the current pixel and the adjacent pixel, which locate in the same edge. Both simulated and real CFA images are employed to compare the proposed algorithm with the state-of-the-art techniques reported in the literature. The experimental results confirm that our method outperforms them both on demosaicking performance and on computational cost, when they process the noisy color filter array data.     

Assessment of tilt capability for spaceborne global ocean colorsensors

The importance of tilt capability for Sun glint avoidance for future global ocean color missions was analyzed. The analyses focused on Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) mission, because its radiometric, orbital, and sensor characteristics are well defined. The analyses concentrated can two major questions: 1) does tilting to avoid Sun glint increase or decrease the total ocean coverage, and 2) at high latitudes far from the region of maximum Sun glint, should the sensor be tilted or untilted? For ocean coverage maximization, if the sensitivity of ocean color algorithms to Sun glint is of the same order as the error in the atmospheric correction algorithms, then a tilted sensor produces nearly 20 percent better coverage than an untilted one after 2 d in the absence of clouds, and 12 percent after 4 d including clouds. Thus, the tilt capability can improve the ocean coverage of future ocean color missions. At high latitudes differences in transmitted water-leaving radiance between tilted and untilted sensors were well within the algorithm errors. Furthermore, Sun glint radiances exceeding the algorithm errors occurred at high wind speeds as far as 70° from the solar declination, suggesting that sensors should remain in the tilted mode up to this limit     

图像采集系统中色彩复原模块的FPGA实现

图像的色彩复原是彩色图像采集系统的关键技术,决定了采集图像的质量.针对目前CMOS图像传感器广泛使用的Bayer格式图像,介绍了双线性插值法、梯度检测插值法和相关性插值法三种色彩复原算法:然后建立了基于Altera公司Cydone Ⅱ系列FPGA芯片的图像采集系统.并采用Verilog硬件描述语言在FPGA上实现了色彩复原算法.实验结果表明,该FPGA利用其丰富的内部硬件资源和并行处理的优势,能实时准确地完成色彩复原工作,同时,相关性插值法获得了最高峰值信噪比.恢复的彩色图像边缘清晰平滑.