一种改进的基于柯西模型的H.264码率控制方法

H.264/AVC编码中的码率控制是通过有效控制输出码流的码率来提高其压缩视频质量的重要技术。本文基于H.264/AVC中的JVT-H017码率控制方案提出了一种改进算法。新算法根据H.264中DCT系数的分布特征,将柯西分布引入到码率控制模块,用更精确的柯西率失真模型取代了原先的二次率失真模型。在此基础上,进一步引入了一种联合PSNR比率和MAD比率进行图像复杂度预测的方法,并依此来调整帧级比特的分配和量化参数,克服了在出现复杂运动或场景切换时,因视频序列相邻帧之间相关性降低而导致的MAD预测失准的情况。实验结果表明,与JVT-H017方案及文献[5]中的算法比较,新的算法不仅具有更精确的码率控制,而且明显改善了输出码率的平稳性及重建图像的PSNR。      

视频编码线性码率控制模型

为提高视频编码码率控制的性能,通过理论推导及实验验证提出了一种新的视频编码 码率控制模型。通过该模型,编码器可以直接确定量化参数(Quantization Parameter, QP) ,而不必计算量化步长(Quantization Step, Qstep),进而避免了由Qstep 确定QP 过程中的舍入误差,提高了码率控制的准确性。实验结果表明,与H.264/ AVC采用的码率控制方法相比,提出的模型可使跳帧发生的概率更低,恢复视频的质量更稳 定,实际码率与目标码率之间的偏差更小,同时,还能获得更高的峰值信噪比。     

一种H.264加权预测MAD的码率控制算法

本文提出一种H.264宏块层加权预测MAD值的码率控制算法来提高视频的质量并减少计算的复杂度.在详细分析了时间—空间相关性和物体的运动特征后,当前宏块的平均绝对差值(MAD)通过前一帧时间相关性模型预测的MAD值和由当前帧的空间相关性模型预测的MAD值加权得到.所得到的MAD值更加准确,能适应不同类型帧序列.实验结果表明,与JVT-G012相比,提出的方法在相同条件下码率有所下降,更加接近目标码率.峰值信噪比(PSNR)平均可以提高0.22dB.     

基于图像复杂度及运动信息的码率控制算法

JVT-H017是H.264视频编码标准中采用的码率控制算法提案,但在许多实时场景应用中该算法还存在平均绝对差值(MAD)预测不准确等一些不足.针对现有码率控制技术的缺陷,提出一种改进的基本单元层码率控制算法.一方面在基于图像复杂度和运动信息的基础上采用了4种时空加权模型预测平均绝对差值,并且采用运动矢量信息对图像复杂程度进行判定;另一方面结合MAD的变化情况分配目标比特.实验结果表明,相比于JVT-H017和一些新的文献算法,改进算法的编码图像峰值信噪比得到了提高,同时实际码率更接近于目标码率,码率控制性能更优越.     

基于复杂度HEVC码率控制的算法优化

针对视频编码标准HEVC(high efficiency video coding)在编码过程中复杂度较高的帧层带宽相对不足而复杂度较低的帧层带宽相对富余之一的问题,为了降低计算复杂度,提高编码质量,本文首先通过研究复杂度在帧层编码过程中对码率分配的影响,提出了由SATD(sum of absolute transformed difference)构建复杂度模型,根据视频内容每帧的复杂程度,通过复杂度模型对帧层进行合理的比特分配。为了建立R-Q曲线,结合最大编码单元(LCU,largest coding unit)层的编码树特点,根据LCU残差信号的混合高斯分布特性进行量化参数(QP)的计算,从而使得输出码率与目标比特相等的同时尽可能提高视频质量。实验结果表明,所提出的算法比HEVC现行码率控制算法性能更加优良并且具有较强的鲁棒性,码率误差在0.01%以内,PSNR增益平均可达0.21dB。     

基于神经网络的量化参数预测研究

在视频有损压缩编码中,量化是为达到压缩视频的目的,将原信号值映射到较小取值范围的过程。一个合适的量化参数(QP)可以在增加压缩效率的同时平衡视频质量和编码复杂度。现有的码率控制算法对运动剧烈及存在场景切换的连续帧控制不精确,视频PSNR值波动大。本文提出一种基于神经网络的视频量化参数选择,利用已编码帧信息对当前帧的量化参数计算进行调整。神经网络模型选取当前帧的目标比特、当前帧的MAD和前一帧编码的QP和实际比特数作为输入,输出值经过反归一化及取整处理对视频进行量化。实验表明,编码时使用该方法进行与H.264/AVC的标准参考软件JM14.2相比,在保证码率精确度和平均PSNR值基本不变的情况下,减小了PSNR的波动。     

基于SSIM的HEVC帧内编码率失真优化

率失真优化(RDO)是视频编码压缩中的关键技术之 一。传统的率失真优 化技术使用误差平方和(SSE)或绝对差和(SAD)度量失真, 不能获得较好的视觉感知质量。本文针对新一代视频编码标准高效视频编码(H EVC)帧内编码RDO,提出了一种基于结构相似度(SSIM)度量失真的 RDO方法。首先,根据HEVC编码树形单元(CTU)结构设计了基于SSIM的失真计算方法; 然后,提出了一种基于量化器推导的码率-量化步长(R-Δ)模型和一种基于统计分析的失 真 -量化参数(DSSIM-QP)模型,用于求取拉格朗日乘数;最终,使用多QP优化方法求 取模 型参数。实验表明,相对于HEVC 传统的RDO,针对全I帧(即所有帧都为帧内编码)固定QP编码和多QP优化编 码,在相同的SSIM条 件下,码率分别平均降低8.4%和13.9%左右,同时编码复杂度分别平均增加约3%和2%。     

一种新的H.264/AVC码率控制算法

码率控制可以有效提高H.264视频压缩的图像传输质量。本文在JM模型的JVT-H017码率控制方案基础上,提出一种新的码率控制方法。该方法首先对原有的平均绝对差值(MAD)线性预测方法进行改进,提出新的三维MAD预测模型,以提高对图像基本单元复杂度的准确预测;在此基础上,采用自适应目标比特分配方法,实现自适应的码率控制。实验结果表明,与已有的基于线性MAD预测的方法相比,文章方法具有更好的码率控制性能,从而有效提高了H.264视频压缩算法的图像传输质量。     

基于H.264的码率控制算法研究与改进

码率控制作为H.264中的关键技术,在参考软件Joint Model(JM)中已给出其算法.由于JM算法采用线性模型预测MAD,运算量较大且存在一定的误差,为此提出了新的加权预测模型,同时在原算法基础上增加了宏块层码率控制策略.仿真结果显示,采用改进算法的H.264编码器在取得更低比特率的同时还有效提高了PSNR.     

H.264结构相似性最优的宏块层码率控制算法

传统码率控制(RC)大多以客观失真作为失真度量,无法得到最优的主观质量。该文将基于结构相似(SSIM)的主观失真用于H.264视频编码的率失真优化和码率控制,提出了一种SSIM最优的宏块(MB)层码率控制(RC)算法。首先提出了一种经验型的SSIM线性失真模型,并结合改进的二次码率-量化(R-Q)模型用Lagrange乘子法得到了SSIM最优的MB层量化步长的闭式解。实验结果表明:该文算法相比客观质量最优的MB层RC算法JVT-O016更好地编码了图像结构信息,得到了更好的主观质量。     

Curved crystal spectrometer for the measurement of X-ray lines from laser-produced plasmas

In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S~1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.     

Electronic Structure of Semiconductor Nanocrystals

This paper reviews our recent development of the use of the large-scale pseudopotential method to calculate the electronic structure of semiconductor nanocrystals, such as quantum dots and wires, which often contain tens of thousands of atoms. The calculated size-dependent exciton energies and absorption spectra of quantum dots and wires are in good agreement with experiments. We show that the electronic structure of a nanocrystal can be tuned not only by its size,but also by its shape. Finally,we show that defect properties in quantum dots can be significantly different from those in bulk semiconductors.     

Critical Stage Rule-Based Real Time Dispatch（RTD）System in Highly-Mixed-Products （HMP） FAB

An improving utilization and efficiency of critical equipments in semiconductor wafer fabrication facilities are concerned. Semiconductor manufacturing FAB is one of the most complicated and cost sensitive environments. A good dispatching tool will make big difference in equipment utilization and FAB output as a whole. The equipment in this paper is In-Line DUV Scanner. There are many factors impacting utilization and output on this equipment group. In HMP environment one of the issues is changing of reticule in this area and idle counts due to load unbalance between equipments. Here we'll introduce a rule-based RTD system which aiming at decreasing the number of recipe change and idle counts among a group of scanner equipment in a high-mixed-products FAB.     

GaAsSb/InAlAs PA DHBTs Grown by Production MBE

The epi material growth of GaAsSb based DHBTs with InAlAs emitters are investigated using a 4 × 100mm multi-wafer production Riber 49 MBE reactor fully equipped with real-time in-situ sensors including an absorption band edge spectroscope and an optical-based flux monitor. The state-of-the-art hole mobilities are obtained from 100nm thick carbon-doped GaAsSb. A Sb composition variation of less than ± 0.1 atomic percent across a 4 × 100mm platen configuration has been achieved. The large area InAlAs/GaAsSb/InP DHBT device demonstrates excellent DC characteristics,such as BVCEO＞6V and a DC current gain of 45 at 1kA/cm2 for an emitter size of 50μm × 50μm. The devices have a 40nm thick GaAsSb base with p-doping of 4. 5 × 1019cm-3 . Devices with an emitter size of 4μm × 30μm have a current gain variation less than 2% across the fully processed 100mm wafer. ft and fmax are over 50GHz,with a power efficiency of 50% ,which are comparable to standard power GaAs HBT results. These results demonstrate the potential application of GaAsSb/InP DHBT for power amplifiers and the feasibility of multi-wafer MBE for mass production of GaAsSb-based HBTs.     

Influence of polarization extinction ratio on distributed polarization coupling detection

Distributed polarization coupling in polarization-maintaining fibers can be detected by using a white light Michelson interferometer. This technique usually requires that only one polarization mode is excited. However, in practical measurement, the injection polarization direction could not be exactly aligned to one of the principal axes of the PMF, so the influence of the polarization extinction ratio should be considered. Based on the polarization coupling theory, the influence of the incident polarization extinction on the measurement result is evaluated and analyzed, and a method for distributed polarization coupling detection is developed when both two orthogonal eigenmodes are excited.     

Noise character analysis and the restraint of self-pulsation laser diodes

We calculate the Langevin noise sources of self-pulsation laser diodes, analyze the effects of active region noise and saturable-absorption region noise on the power fluctuation as well as period fluctuation, and propose a novel method to restrain the noise effects. A visible SIMULINK model is established to simulate the system, The results indicate that the effects of noise in absorption region can be ignored; that with the increase of DC injecting current, the noise effects enhance power jitter, and nevertheless, the period jitter is decreased; and that with external sinusoidal current modulating the self-pulsation laser diode, the noise-induced power jitter and period jitter can be suppressed greatly. This work is valuable for clock recovery in all-optical network.     

High-quality single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons and their optical properties

Large-scale synthesis of single-crystal CdSe nanoribbons is achieved by a modified thermal evaporation method, in which two-step-thermal-evaporation is used to control CdSe sources＇ evaporation. The synthesized CdSe nanoribbons are usually several micrometers in width, 50 nm in thickness, and tens to several hundred micrometers in length. Studies have shown that high-quality CdSe nanoribbons with regular shapes can be obtained by this method. Room-temperature photolumines-cence indicates that the lasing emission at 710 nm has been observed under optical pumping （266 nm） at power densities of 25-153 kW/cm^2. The full width half maximum （FWHM） of the lasing mode is 0.67 nm     

Propagation of hermite-cosh-gaussian beams passing through ABCD optical system with an annular aperture

By using the expansion of the aperture function into a finte sum of complex Gaussian functions, the corresponding analytical expressions of Hermite-cosh-Gaussian beams passing through annular apertured paraxially and symmetrically optical systems written in terms of ABCD matrix were derived, and they could reduce to the cases with squared aperture. In a similar way, the corresponding analytical expressions of cosh-Gaussian beams through annular apertured ABCD matrix were also given. The method could save more calculation time than that by using the diffraction integral formula directly.     

中国建立EB级存储实验室,致力云计算应用(英文)

正With the support of 863 programs,Sugon Information Industry Co.,Ltd.,set up a dawning EB-class storage laboratory to address massive data storage requirements and largescale cloud computing demonstration applications.The Dawning EB-class cloud storage system adopts advanced fault-tolerant architecture,efficient data fault-tolerant algorithms with user authentication and data encryption policies to deal with the"lost""wrong"and"stolen"problems of data for ensuring the reliability and safety of the EB-class storage system in the public network application environments.The Dawning EB-class Storage Laboratory taking advan-