低频磁场中旋转球形薄壳体屏蔽特性的研究

本文提出了一种求解代频磁场中旋转球形薄壳体并蔽问题的方法,在平均边界条件的基础上,导出了旋转球形薄壳体屏蔽边值问题的解,之后得到了球形薄壳体中心传输系数的公式,最后应用ＦＯＲＴＲＡＮ语言编程上机计算,找到了磁场振荡频率、旋转速度与传输的关系等重要屏蔽特性。     

Shielding effect of hollow chiral sphere

The low-frequency shielding effect of a spherical layer is studied. The layer is made of a chiral material and it is electromagnetically characterized with three material parameters: permittivity, permeability, and chirality. Due to chirality, there is magnetoelectric coupling. The electric and magnetic shielding effects are derived and are shown to be functions of the three material parameters and also the relative thickness of the layer. Illustrations display the effects of the various parameters on the shielding, which is different for the magnetic and electric fields. Among the special effects is that the shielding increases rapidly as the chirality parameter approaches the refractive index of the shell. This makes chiral shells in principle effective shields, and in the future they may offer an alternative to conducting materials for novel shielding applications     

Shielding properties of an ensemble of thin, infinitely long,parallel wires over a lossy half space

A determination of the total electric field produced by an ensemble of thin, infinitely long, parallel wire scatterers over a flat lossy half space illuminated by a plane wave whose polarization is parallel to both the wires and the interface is presented. By invoking the thin wire idealization, a matrix equation is obtained for determining the currents on each wire, from which the total electric field is obtained. Several plots are given to show how the wires' radii, the earth's conductivity, the incident angle, and the total number of wires affect the shielding for a semicircular shell. In many cases, it is demonstrated that the shielding effectiveness can be as much as 70 dB; for other cases, when the structure is of resonant dimensions, the shielding can be degraded to 20 dB. It is also shown that a wire grid model can give shielding results similar to those of a continuous perfectly conducting structure of similar dimensions     

手征球壳的低频电磁屏蔽效应分析

分析了手征介质球壳的低频电磁屏蔽效应，给出了一组手征电磁屏蔽球壳的设计曲线。比较了手征材料的一般电、磁屏蔽材料的不同之处，重点说明了该材料的特殊性。理论计算表明，这种新型材料是一种非常有前途的电磁屏蔽材料。     

一种基于共振腔的新型水听器探究

提出了一种基于共振空气腔的高灵敏、低成本水听器。该水听器为密封的中空球形腔体,内部放置麦克风来感知从水耦合进来的声音。通过有限元仿真预测了水听器的频率响应,并证实频响曲线的特征峰依赖于空气腔共振模态、与球壳共振无关,因此,该水听器的频响特性只取决于内部空气腔尺寸。实验结果表明,该水听器的频率响应与仿真结果符合,与传统压电水听器相比其灵敏度有所提高,在共振频率处的接收灵敏度比传统压电水听器高10倍。     

纵弯转换超声振动球面聚焦系统聚焦特性研究

该文提出了一种由夹心式纵振动换能器与带孔球壳组成的纵弯转换型球面聚焦系统。应用弹性力学的板壳振动理论和亥姆霍兹-基尔霍夫声场理论分析了新型聚焦系统的振动特征和声场聚焦特征,并通过实验进行了验证。研究结果表明,球壳弯曲振动的辐射声场具有显著的聚焦特性,焦点位置、声压强度、焦区形状受球壳曲率半径的影响。在结构一定的情况下,聚焦的特性受谐振频率的影响,高阶谐振频率的聚焦效果比低阶谐振频率好,但焦点声压低于低阶谐振频率。由于弯曲振动与气体介质的辐射阻抗匹配要好于纵向振动,因此这种新型聚焦系统具有更强的实际应用意义。     

A computational methodology and results for quasistaticmultilayered magnetic shielding

A methodology for accurate calculations of shielding factors for quasistatic multilayered magnetic shields is described. “Transfer relations” for individual layers with specified magnetic permeabilities and electrical conductivities are spliced together. Specific transfer relations for four layer geometries (planar, cylindrical with transverse fields, cylindrical with axial fields, and spherical) and constraints at source and shielded surfaces for six source-shield configurations involving both externally applied fields and enclosed sources are developed. Limiting cases are extracted for magnetically permeable, nonconducting layers, and for thin, magnetically nonpermeable, conducting layers. Reciprocity conditions are identified for interchanged source and shielded regions in planar, transverse field cylindrical, and spherical geometries. Variations of magnetic field and flux density with position are shown for a specific planar example involving alternating layers of aluminum and steel, with the same total shield thickness occupied by either one or five layer pairs. Simulations with alternating layers of aluminum and steel for the four layer geometries are used to study the effects of material composition, number of layer pairs, and air gaps. An optimal number of layer pairs for a given total shield thickness is identified. Results from simulations where induced currents in the steel layers are neglected are compared with those for simulations with a realistic conductivity value for steel to assess the relative effects of flux shunting and induced current shielding     

Measurement of material properties with a tunable resonant cavity

A tunable resonant cavity is used to measure the complex permittivity of dielectrics and the surface conductivity of metals with high precision. The analytical approximations, traditionally used in the cavity perturbation techniques, have been replaced with a rigorous numerical solution of the electromagnetic field distribution inside the rotationally symmetric cavity filled with inhomogeneous dielectrics. The measured values of the unloaded Q factor are compared with the numerically computed values over the tuning range. The least-squares data fitting procedure yields simultaneously the values of the loss tangent and the surface conductivity, and their standard deviations.<>     

复杂矩形腔屏蔽效能分析

提高武器系统和设备对电磁脉冲的防护能力意义重大,而屏蔽技术则是防护电磁干扰的主要手段。介绍了屏蔽原理,建立了双层和带有分仓的孔缝矩形屏蔽腔的物理模型,使用有限元软件仿真计算了其屏蔽效能和腔体的谐振频率。结果表明:与单层屏蔽腔相比,双层屏蔽腔有着更高的屏蔽效能;分仓可以提高其内部空间的屏蔽效能。这对屏蔽体的设计和提高设备对电磁脉冲的防护能力具有一定的理论价值和实际意义。     

Optimization of Anisotropic Magnetic Shielding

The concept of anisotropy is introduced in a laminar structure of magnetic sheet and the condition for minimum volume and maximum effectiveness of the magnetic shield of a spherical shell is investigated. The advantage of this structure over the conventional layered structure is shown. Figures and tables of this condition for typical shielding factor and permeability values are given.     

Analysis of the microstrip disk antenna element

The circular microstrip antenna element is formed by a radiating disk closely spaced above a ground plane. It is modeled as a cylindrical cavity with magnetic walls which can be resonant in the transverse magnetic (TM) modes. The far fields and the radiation conductances for different mode structures have been calculated assuming a magnetic line current flowing along the perimeter of the disk. The directivity of a disk antenna excited in the dominant mode is between 4.8 dB and 9.9 dB, depending on the size. Losses, due to imperfect supporting dielectrics and to the finite conductivity of the conductors, have been derived by means of a perturbation technique. Graphs are given for design purposes showing the input impedance, theQfactor, and the radiation efficiency at resonance for different modes and thicknesses. The air-filled microstrip antenna has the highest efficiency and the broadest bandwidth at a given resonant frequency.     

Compensation of superstrate effects on the resonant behavior of themicrostrip ring structure by using an air-gap control

In this paper, spectral-domain analysis is utilized to investigate the possibility of compensation of superstrate shielding effects on the resonant behavior of the microstrip ring structure by means of an adjustable air-gap inserted between the substrate and the ground plane. In order to provide the desired amount of tuning, the adjustment of the proper gap thickness is discussed for various structural parameter cases. It is shown that the resonant frequency shift due to superstrate shielding can be compensated, the resonant bandwidth and, hence, the electromagnetic interference can be directly controlled resulting of the proposed tuning scheme     

Shielding of Electromagnetic Fields of Current Sources by Hemispherican Enclosures

Presented here is a theory of electromagnetic shielding of fields due to current sources by an imperfectly conducting, hemispherican, open shell with its rim in contact with a perfectly conducting ground plane. Expressions for the shielding effectiveness (SE) of the enclosure excited by Hertzian dipole sources have been derived. Numerican values of SE obtained from these expressions have been compared with those for a similarly excited imperfectly conducting spherical shell [9].     

Broadband Matching of Resonant Circuits and Circulators

In the first part of this paper a broadband matching theory of resonant circuits is developed. It is not assumed that the center frequency of the matching interval is equal to the resonance frequency of the resonant circuit. The upper limits of optimum broadband matching are derived with the aid of Fano's integrals. Furthermore it is shown how we can approach these ripper limits as well as desired with real matching two-ports with Chebyshev response. This broadband matching theory of resonant circuits may be applied to circulators if the input impedances of the circulators can he represented approximately by resonant circuits. This problem is treated in the second part of the paper.     

混响室法欠模状态屏蔽体屏蔽效能测试技术研究

欠模状态下屏蔽壳体内部场分布不均匀,屏蔽效能测量结果与位置相关,因此需要利用探头或单极子天线进行多位置测量,过程繁琐。文中利用长线天线来测量欠模状态下屏蔽壳体屏蔽效能,并与单极子天线测量结果进行比较。在暗室中测量天线自由空间反射系数S₁₁;在混响室中利用不同天线测量屏蔽壳体的屏蔽效能,并利用S₂₂分析腔体谐振特性。测量结果表明,长线天线宽频带匹配特性优于单极子天线,测量的屏蔽效能能够更好地反映屏蔽体谐振特性,为屏蔽壳体的屏蔽效能测试评估提供了指南,具有工程应用价值。     

Electromagnetic properties of hybrid polymer composites

The effective permeability of a composite material is studied experimentally and theoretically. The composite material has a core—shell-like structure, where the core is a ferromagnetic particle and the shell is a conductive overlayer. It is established that the conducting layer partially shields the magnetic particle and changes the effective magnetization of the said particle. As a result, there is a change of the effective permeability of the hybrid composite. It is shown that both the permeability and the ferromagnetic-resonance frequency of a hybrid copmosite can be changed by the controlled overlayer conductivity and the selection of a relation between the thickness of the layer and the size of the magnetic particle.     

Determining the relative permeability and conductivity of thin materials

In order to determine the relative permeability and conductivity of thin materials that could not be found using traditional methods, we constructed a shield box and developed a measuring system to estimate the unknown electric parameters of exotic shielding materials such as thin cloths. Thin electromagnetic shielding sheets of both nonmagnetic materials and ferromagnetic materials were used. The shielding effectiveness of the materials was measured as a function of frequency, and the results were compared with the calculated solutions for a multilayered model that was evaluated using the Sommerfeld integral that expresses near-field spherical waves by a composition of cylindrical waves. In these calculations, the relative permeability and conductivity were varied to determine the solution closest to the measured results. The least squares method was used to determine the best fitted values. Initially the nominal values of relative permeability were assumed, and the conductivity was found using the fitting technique. Then this determined value of the conductivity was assumed, and the relative permeability was found using the fitting technique. For the nonmagnetic materials, the estimated relative permeability was the same as the nominal values. For the ferromagnetic materials, the estimated relative permeability varied 0%-30% from the nominal values. For both types of materials, the estimated conductivities were 0%-9.8% different from nominal values. This research details a new method for evaluating the attenuation of interfering electromagnetic waves for thin materials.     

Full-wave analysis of circular microstrip resonators inmultilayered media containing uniaxial anisotropic dielectrics,magnetized ferrites, and chiral materials

In this paper, Galerkin's method in the Hankel transform domain is applied to the determination of the resonant frequencies, quality factors, and radiation patterns of circular microstrip patch resonators. The metallic patches are assumed to be embedded in a multilayered substrate, which may contain uniaxial anisotropic dielectrics, magnetized ferrites, and/or chiral materials. The numerical results obtained show that important errors can be made in the computation of the resonant frequencies of the resonators when substrate dielectric anisotropy, substrate magnetic anisotropy and/or substrate chirality are ignored. Also, it is shown that the resonant frequencies of circular microstrip resonators on magnetized ferrites can be tuned over a wide frequency range by varying the applied bias magnetic field. Finally, the computed results show that the resonance and radiation properties of a circular microstrip patch on a chiral material is very similar to those of a circular patch of the same size printed on a nonchiral material of lower permittivity     

Shielding Effectiveness of Superconductor in the Shape of Spherical Shell

1IntroductionElectromagnehcshieldingisoneoftheimportantmethodstoaccomplishEMCandoneoftheeffechveapproachestoconsolidateelectronicequipmentagainstEMIundervariousofcomplexelectrOInagnehcenvironments.TherearealotofchoicesinsmictUre,volumeandmaterialstocarTyoutelectromagneticshielding.Astomaterials,shieldingmetalisuhlizedmostcommonlyatpresent,anditStheoryandprachcehavealreadybeendevelopeduptoarelativeperfectlevel[l,2].EversincethesuperconductivitywasfoundoutearlythiscentUry,thesuperconductor,…     

Numerical investigation of the field and current behavior nearlossy edges

Real circuits involve metallic edges with finite conductivity and nonideal dielectrics. Usually it is more or less implicitly assumed that fields and induced currents behave as if conductors and dielectrics were ideal. In this paper, we show that this assumption is partially erroneous and that the presence of real conductors and dielectrics seems to lead to a simpler and more physical picture, where longitudinal currents are shown to be nonsingular