p型重掺杂应变Si1-xGex基区内建电场的物理机制

采用解析的方法计算了在基区掺杂为高斯分布,Ge组分分布为三角形分布和矩形三角形分布时基区内建电场的变化情况.重新拟合了价带有效态密度公式,并在计算内建电场时考虑了导带有效态密度的影响.发现加入Ge组分后引起的导带有效态密度变化、价带有效态密度变化以及禁带宽度变窄量变化对基区内建电场的影响要大于掺杂对内建电场的影响.Ge组分为三角形分布时,在总的Ge组分一定的条件下,内建电场从发射结到集电结逐渐变大.在任一给定位置x处,内建电场随着Ge组分的增加而增大.当Ge组分分布为矩形三角形分布时,对于给定的Ge组分转折点x1,基区内建电场从发射结到集电结缓慢地增大.在Ge组分恒定的区域,内建电场变化甚微,在Ge组分为线性缓变区域的同一位置x处,内建电场随Ge组分转折点x1的增大而缓慢地增大.此外,在x1附近内建电场变化有一个很大的陡坡.     

HBI中基区内建电场的物理机制及其理论分析

计算了具有线性Ｇｅ分布的ＳｉＧｅ基区价带有效态密度和空穴浓度的分布，分析了基区内建电场的物理机制，分别采用Ｂｏｌｔｚｍａｎ统计和Ｆｅｒｍｉ－Ｄｉｒａｃ统计给出了内建电场分布的表达式并进行了计算，最后讨论了基区重掺杂对电场的影响。     

HBT中基区内建电场的物理机制及其理论分析

计算了具有线性Ｇｅ 分布的ＳｉＧｅ 基区价带有效态密度和空穴浓度的分布，分析了基区内建电场的物理机制，分别采用Ｂｏｌｔｚｍ ａｎｎ 统计和Ｆｅｒｍ ｉ Ｄｉｒａｃ统计给出了内建电场分布的表达式并进行了计算，最后讨论了基区重掺杂对电场的影响     

基区Ge组分分布对SiGe pnp HBT的影响

采用SiGe异质结结构提高pnp晶体管的性能，重点研究了Ge组分在基区的三角形分布对晶体管电流增益β和特征频率fτ的影响。三角形分布，又分为起点为零和不为零两种情况。同时为了消除集电结处SiGe异质结的价带势垒对空穴输运的影响，Ge组分向集电区延伸进一步提高了晶体管的性能。得到最大电流增益β可达150和特征频率fτ可达15GHz的pnp SiGe HBT，可以广泛地应用到通信、微波和射频领域。     

pnp型SiGe HBT特性与Ge组分分布的相关性

在进行pnp型SiGe HBT的设计时,通过改变基区Ge组分改变能带结构,从而获得较高的电流增益和截止频率。本文就基区中Ge组分分布的三种形式:三角形、梯形、矩形进行计算机模拟并对结果进行讨论,发现其他条件相同时,梯形分布的pnp SiGe HBT的放大系数最大,而且梯形和三角形随Ge组分的增大而增大,但是矩形分布在Ge组分增大到一定数值后开始减小,而特征频率情况类似。     

基区Ge组分分布对SiGe HBT热学特性的影响

建立了SiGe HBT热电反馈模型,对基区Ge组分矩形分布、三角形分布和梯形分布的SiGe HBT的热特性进行研究。结果表明,在Ge总量一定的前提下,Ge组分为三角形和梯形分布结构的SiGe HBT峰值温度较低、温差较小,温度分布的均匀性优于Ge组分矩形分布结构的SiGeHBT,具有更好的热特性。对不同Ge组分分布下器件增益与温度的依赖关系进行研究,发现当基区Ge组分为三角形和梯形分布时,随着温度升高,器件增益始终低于Ge组分矩形分布的器件,且增益变化较小,提高了器件的热学和电学稳定性,扩大了器件的应用范围。     

基区不同Ge组分分布的多指SiGe HBT热学特性

基于半导体器件仿真工具SILVACO TCAD,研究了三种常见的基区Ge组分分布(矩形、梯形和三角形)对多指功率SiGe异质结双极型晶体管(HBT)的热学特性的影响。结果表明,基区Ge组分为梯形分布和三角形分布的多指SiGe HBT的增益随温度变化比较平缓,各发射极指的峰值温度明显小于矩形分布的各指峰值温度,器件纵向和表面温度分布也更加均匀,因此,与矩形分布相比,梯形分布和三角形分布的多指SiGe HBT在热学特性上有了很大的改善,电学特性也相对热稳定。在这三种结构中,梯形分布可以更好地兼顾增益特性和热学特性。     

SiGe异质结晶体管频率特性模型研究

在分析载流子输运和分布的基础上，建立了SiGe异质结晶体管(HBT)各时间常数模型；在考虑发射结空间电荷区载流子分布和集电结势垒区存在可劝电荷的基础上，建立了SiGe HBT发射结势垒电容模型和不同电流密度下包括基区扩展效应的集电结势垒电容模型。对SiGe HBT特征频率及最高振荡频率与电流密度、Ge组分、掺杂浓度、结面积等之间的关系进行了模拟，对模拟结果进行了分析和讨论。     

应变SiGe层中本征载流子浓度的计算

采用解析的方法研究了应变Si_(1-x)Ge_x层中本征载流子浓度n_i与Ge组分x、温度T、掺杂浓度N的定量依赖关系;拟合了价带有效态密度公式和重掺杂禁带变窄公式。发现在一定掺杂浓度下,本征载流子浓度随Ge组分的增加而变大,并且本征载流子浓度增加的速度越来越快。在一定Ge组分下,本征载流子浓度随掺杂浓度的增加而变大。随着掺杂浓度的增加,本征载流子浓度的增长速度变得越来越缓慢。     

PNP型SiGe HBT的电流增益与Ge组分研究

在进行PNP型SiGe HBT的设计时，通过改变Ge组分而改变能带结构，而获得较高的电流增益。文章对基区中的Ge组分分布三种形式：三角形、梯形、矩形进行计算机模拟并进行结果分析，认为其它条件相同时，梯形分布的PNP SiGe HBT的放大系数最大，而且梯形和三角形随Ge的增大而增大，但是矩形分布在Ge组分增大到一定数值后开始减小，本文从能带结构和势垒角度对此进行讨论。     

Modeling of SiGe-base heterojunction bipolar transistor with gaussian doping distribution

The results of numerical modeling of the base transit time and collector current of SiGe-base heterojunction bipolar transistors with a Gaussian base doping profile and two Ge profiles (linearly graded and box) are presented for the first time. The importance of including the dependence of minority carrier mobility on the drift field and the dependence of the effective density of states on the Ge concentration along the base is demonstrated through the analysis of base transit time and collector current. A function describing the decrease of the density of states product in strained SiGe layers with increasing Ge concentration is proposed.     

Ge组分对SiGe HBT直流特性的影响

制作了基区Ge组分分别为0.20和0.23的多发射极指数双台面结构SiGe异质结双极型晶体管(HBT)。实验结果表明,基区Ge组分的微小增加,引起了较大的基极复合电流,但减小了总的基极电流,提高了发射结的注入效率,电流增益成倍地提高。Ge组分从0.20增加到0.23,HBT的最大直流电流增益从60增加到158,提高了约2.6倍。     

p型重掺杂应变Si_(1-x)Ge_x层中少子常温和低温行为

采用解析的方法计算了少数载流子浓度与Ge组分x、温度T以及掺杂浓度N的关系。发现常温时,在同一掺杂浓度下,少子浓度随Ge组分的增加而增大,其增加的速度越来越快;在同一Ge组分下,少子浓度随掺杂浓度的增加而减少,其减少的速度越来越慢。低温下,在考虑杂质不完全电离的同时,对由非简并情形向简并情形过渡的杂质电离出来的空穴浓度进行了修正,发现在同一Ge组分下,少子浓度随掺杂浓度的增加而增大,其增加的速度变得越来越快。同一掺杂浓度下,少子浓度随Ge组分的增加而增大,其增加的速度,轻掺杂时增加的较慢,重掺杂时增加得越来越快。     

适合器件设计和电路模拟的SiGe基区HBT物理模型

提出了一个模拟ＳｉＧｅ基区ＨＢＴ器件特性的物理模型。在基区部分考虑了发射结处的价带不连续、大注入效应、Ｇｅ组份变化及重掺杂效应引起的能带变化的影响；在集电区分析时考虑了基区推出效应、载流子速度饱和效应、电流引起的空间电荷区效应以及准饱和效应。在此基础上给出了ＳｉＧｅ基区ＨＢＴ器件的电流和电荷公式。同时开发了ＳｉＧｅ基区ＨＢＴ的直流瞬态模型和小信号模型。利用修改的ＳＰＩＣＥ程序模拟了实际ＳｉＧｅ基区     

Strain evolution of SiGe-on-insulator fabricated by germanium condensation method with over-oxidation

Strain evolutions of SiGe film during Ge condensation processes of SiGe on silicon-on-insulator were studied in detail with assistance of X-ray diffraction. At the beginning of Ge condensation, SiGe on silicon-on-insulator with low Ge fraction was oxidized at higher temperature of 1150 °C, the strong plastic deformation of buried SiO₂ and Si-Ge intermixing relieved most of the strain in SiGe with increasing Ge fraction. When temperature was reduced to 900 °C for oxidation of SiGe layer with higher Ge fraction, Ge accumulation overmatched Si-Ge inter-diffusion, resulting in non-uniform profile of Ge in SiGe layer. During this period, plastic deformation of buried SiO₂ can be neglected and dislocation gliding plays a significant role in relieving strain in SiGe, which enlarges the surface roughness. The strain in SiGe increases gradually with condensation time for the thickness of SiGe layer reduces close to its critical thickness, even with higher Ge fraction. Intensive over-oxidation of germanium-on-insulator materials was suggested to be effective to fully relax the compressive strain but should be precisely controlled to avoid surface deterioration.     

A model-based comparison of AlInAs/GaInAs and InP/GaInAs HBT's: aMonte Carlo study

The high-speed performances of AlInAs/GaInAs and InP/GaInAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) are investigated using a one-dimensional self-consistent particle simulator. Optimum alloy compositions for a graded-gap base structure are obtained for both transistors through the tradeoff between the emitter-charging time and base transit time. The saturation velocity in the GaInAs n-type collector is found to be smaller than that in InP, which has been attributed to the diffusion of a large number of hot back-scattered Γ-valley electrons in the GaInAs collector. The difference in the collector transit time in p-type collectors is trivial, since the maximum electron velocity was restricted to below 1.2×10⁸ cm/s due to a strong nonparabolicity effect. The cutoff frequency for the former and the latter are estimated to be 2 and 1.5 times higher, respectively, than for AlGaAs/GaAs HBTs. These results are attributed to a larger bandgap difference between the emitter and base, to yield a high base built-in field, rather than a larger Γ-L band separation energy in the collector to enhance the velocity overshoot effect     

Optimization of SiGe HBTs for operation at high current densities

A comprehensive investigation of the impact of Ge profile shape as well as the scaling of collector and base doping profiles on high-injection heterojunction barrier effects in SiGe HBTs has been conducted over the -73-85°C temperature range. The onset of Kirk effect at high current densities is shown to expose the Si/SiGe heterojunction in the collector-base space charge region, thereby inducing a conduction band barrier which negatively impacts the collector and base currents as well as the dynamic response, leading to a premature roll-off in both β and f_T. In light of this, careful profile optimization is critical for emerging SiGe HBT circuit applications, since they typically operate at high current densities to realize maximum performance. We first explore the experimental consequences and electrical signature of these barrier effects over the 200-358 K temperature range for a variety of Ge profiles from an advanced UHV/CVD SiGe HBT technology. We then use extensive simulations which were calibrated to measured results to explore the sensitivity of these barrier effects to both the Ge profile shape and collector profile design, and hence investigate the optimum profile design points as a function of vertical scaling     

磁控溅射Ge/Si多层膜的发光特性研究

采用磁控溅射技术,在Si(100)衬底上制备了一系列不同周期、不同Ge层厚度的Ge/Si多层膜样品.用室温光致发光(PL)、Raman散射和AFM图谱对样品进行表征.结果表明:Ge/Si多层膜中的PL发光峰主要来自于Ge晶粒,并且Ge晶粒生长的均匀性对PL发光影响较大,生长均匀的Ge晶粒中量子限域效应明显,随着晶粒的减小,PL发光主峰发生蓝移;在Ge晶粒均匀性较差时,PL发光峰强度较弱,量子限域效应不明显.