Local correlation discriminant analysis and its semi-supervised extension

Considering limitations of Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Marginal Fisher Analysis (MFA), a novel discriminant analysis called Local Correlation Discriminant Analysis (LCDA) is proposed in this paper. The main idea behind LCDA is to use more robust similarity measure, correlation metric, to measure the local similarity between image data. This results in better classification performance. In addition, to further improve the discriminant power of LCDA, we extend LCDA to semi-supervised case, which can make use of both labeled and unlabeled data to perform discriminant analysis. Extensive experimental results on ORL and AR face databases demonstrate that the proposed LCDA and its semi-supervised version are superior to Principal Component Analysis (PCA), LDA, CEA, and MFA.     

基于LDA算法的人脸识别方法的比较研究

线性判别分析（LDA）是一种较为普遍的用于特征提取的线性分类方法。但是将LDA直接用于人脸识别会遇到维数问题和“小样本”问题。人们经过研究，通过多种途径解决了这两个问题并实现了基于LDA的人脸识别。文章对几种基于LDA的人脸识别方法做了理论上的比较和实验数据的支持，这些方法包括Eigenfaces、Fisherfaces、DLDA、VDLDA及VDFLDA。实验结果表明VDFLDA是其中最好的一种方法。     

Active Shape Model of Combining Pca and Ica： Application to Facial Feature Extraction

Active Shape Model （ASM） is a powerful statistical tool to extract the facial features of a face image under frontal view. It mainly relies on Principle Component Analysis （PCA） to statistically model the variability in the training set of example shapes. Independent Component Analysis （ICA） has been proven to be more efficient to extract face features than PCA. In this paper, we combine the PCA and ICA by the consecutive strategy to form a novel ASM. Firstly, an initial model, which shows the global shape variability in the training set, is generated by the PCA-based ASM. And then, the final shape model, which contains more local characters, is established by the ICA-based ASM. Experimental results verify that the accuracy of facial feature extraction is statistically significantly improved by applying the ICA modes after the PCA modes.     

Novel mixture model–based approaches for person verification using multimodal biometrics

With growing concerns about security, the world over, biometric-based person verification is gaining more and more attention. Recently, multimodal biometric has attracted increasing focus among researchers as this overwhelms many limitations of unimodal biometric systems and hence more reliable. In this paper, we propose four different feature extraction techniques namely Principle Component Analysis Mixture Model (PCA MM), Singular Value Decomposition Mixture Model (SVD MM), Independent Component Analysis I Mixture Model (ICA I MM), and Independent Component Analysis II Mixture Model (ICA II MM) to design a multimodal biometric system at feature level. The proposed methods begin with modeling the multimodal biometrics data using Gaussian Mixture Model followed by a subspace methods like PCA, SVD, ICA I, and ICA II. Extensive experiments are carried out to observe the verification performance of the proposed methods at feature and match score level on large dataset of 150 users. We compare the results of the combined biometric with the results of individual biometric and also results of the proposed schemes against conventional (without mixture model) subspace approaches. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods in designing a robust multimodal biometric system for accurate person verification.     

基于独立成分分析的高光谱图像数据降维及压缩

该文提出了一种以高光谱图像分析为目标的基于独立成分分析的高光谱图像降维和压缩方法。该方法首先通过独立成分分析提取高光谱数据的光谱特征实现高光谱图像降维,再对降维后的图像采用预测和自适应算术编码的方法进行压缩。对220波段和64波段高光谱数据的实验结果表明,该方法与基于主成分分析的降维相比,压缩比有所提高,特别是更有利于后续的分析处理,但峰值信噪比有所降低。     

基于PCA和ICA的人脸识别

提出利用主成分分析(PCA)和独立成分分析(ICA)相结合的方法对人脸进行识别。首先对预处理后的图像进行降维,即利用PCA算法对图像进行去二阶相关和降维处理,然后再利用ICA算法获得人脸影像独立基成分,利用人脸影像独立基来构造一子空间,最后利用待识别图像在这个空间上的投影系数进行人脸识别。从两个不同的数据集,将传统的PCA人脸识别算法和提出的人脸识别算法进行比较。从实验数据结果看,提出的PCA和ICA结合人脸识别算法优于传统的PCA人脸识别算法。     

基于独立向量分析的脑电信号中肌电伪迹的去除方法

脑电数据经常被各种电生理信号伪迹所污染。在常见伪迹中,肌电伪迹特别难以去除。文献中最常用的方法包括诸如独立分量分析(Independent Component Analysis, ICA)和典型相关分析(Canonical Correlation Analysis, CCA)等盲源分离技术。该文首次提出一种基于独立向量分析(Independent Vector Analysis, IVA)的新方法,用以去除脑电中的肌电伪迹。IVA同时使用高阶统计量和二阶统计量,因此该方法能够充分利用肌电伪迹的非高斯性和弱相关性,兼具ICA方法和CCA方法的优势。实验表明,使用IVA方法可以在保留脑电成份的同时极大抑制肌电伪迹,效果显著优于ICA法和CCA法。     

MIMO雷达信号的盲源分离技术

针对MIMO雷达的信号特点,采用了一种多角度的雷达侦察方法,从不同的方位获取同一部雷达的独立信号样本。并在此基础上,运用主分量分析方法估计信号波形个数,运用独立分量分析的盲源分离方法分离出MIMO雷达信号的各个正交分量,最终以正交频分线性调频信号为例,在信噪比为0 dB的情况下对该信号进行了仿真分析,其结果验证了该方法的有效性。     

基于峰度的ICA算法

独立分量分析(ICA)是一种通过最大化多维观察向量元素的统计独立性寻找一个线性变换的统计方法，其作为有效的盲源分离技术是信号处理领域的热点。提出了一种基于峰度的快速ICA算法，此算法常用于盲信号分离和特征抽取。先从峰度的定义入手说明峰度作为代价函数的可行性，并详细介绍如何将神经网络学习规则转换成固定点准则，从而使得算法简单，且不依赖任何人为定义的参数。选取3个非高斯独立向量作为信号源进行Matlab仿真，分离效果良好。     

2DPCA-ICA算法在人脸识别中的应用

传统独立元分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)用于人脸识别首先是将人脸图像矩阵转换成向量求白化矩阵,然后利用快速固定点算法求分离矩阵,获得人脸图像独立基子空间,从而实现人脸识别.二维主元分析(Two-dimensional Principle Component Analysis,2DPCA)无须将人脸图像矩阵转换成向量,直接利用二维人脸图像矩阵求协方差矩阵,其特征值与特征向量的计算得到简化.本文结合2DPCA与ICA算法的特点,提出2DPCA-ICA人脸识别算法.该方法通过2DPCA算法计算白化矩阵;接着利用ICA算法获得人脸图像的独立元;然后构造独立基子空间;最后依据测试样本在独立基子空间上的投影特征实现人脸识别.基于ORL与Yale人脸数据库的实验结果表明,2DPCA-ICA算法正确识别率与识别效率均高于PCA-ICA算法与2DPCA算法,是一种有效的人脸识别方法.     

基于独立分量分析的多通道脑电信号自动去噪算法研究

在脑电信号的采集和处理过程中,经常受到如眼电、心电等各样噪声和伪迹的影响。独立分量分析通过对非高斯分布数据进行有效表示,获得在统计学上独立的各个分量,通过对噪声分量的去除以及信号分量的重构,实现对噪声和伪迹的去除。针对目前信号分解后噪声分量的处理尚停留在目测去除和人工识别阶段,耗时严重以及准确度差的不足,本文提出一种基于独立分量分析的KC复杂度自动阈值算法的提出很好地解决了这个问题,在对含工频噪声的EEG信号进行处理后,取得了良好的实验效果。     

鉴别投影嵌入及其在人脸识别中的应用

该文提出了一种新的监督线性降维方法,称为鉴别投影嵌入(Discriminant Projection Embedding, DPE)。和常用的线性鉴别分析相比,鉴别投影嵌入可以更好地保留类内的局部几何位置信息和提取类间的鉴别结构信息。在人脸识别公用数据库上进行了一系列的实验,实验结果表明了该文方法的可行性和有效性。     

Learning multiview face subspaces and facial pose estimation using independent component analysis.

An independent component analysis (ICA) based approach is presented for learning view-specific subspace representations of the face object from multiview face examples. ICA, its variants, namely independent subspace analysis (ISA) and topographic independent component analysis (TICA), take into account higher order statistics needed for object view characterization. In contrast, principal component analysis (PCA), which de-correlates the second order moments, can hardly reveal good features for characterizing different views, when the training data comprises a mixture of multiview examples and the learning is done in an unsupervised way with view-unlabeled data. We demonstrate that ICA, TICA, and ISA are able to learn view-specific basis components unsupervisedly from the mixture data. We investigate results learned by ISA in an unsupervised way closely and reveal some surprising findings and thereby explain underlying reasons for the emergent formation of view subspaces. Extensive experimental results are presented.     

Local appearance based face recognition method using block based steerable pyramid transform

In this paper, an efficient local appearance feature extraction method based on Steerable Pyramid (S-P) wavelet transform is proposed for face recognition. Local information is extracted by computing the statistics of each sub-block obtained by dividing S-P sub-bands. The obtained local features of each sub-band are combined at the feature and decision level to enhance face recognition performance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the usefulness of S-P as feature extraction method for face recognition. The proposed approach is compared with some related feature extraction methods such as principal component analysis (PCA), as well as linear discriminant analysis LDA and boosted LDA. Different multi-resolution transforms, wavelet (DWT), gabor, curvelet and contourlet, are also compared against the block-based S-P method. Experimental results on ORL, Yale, Essex and FERET face databases convince us that the proposed method provides a better representation of the class information, and obtains much higher recognition accuracies in real-world situations including changes in pose, expression and illumination.     

A Filter Bank Based Approach for Rotation Invariant Fingerprint Recognition

This paper presents a systematic approach for image-based fingerprint recognition. The proposed method first enhances an input fingerprint image using a contextual filtering based method in the frequency domain. Complex filters are used for the detection of the core point, and a region of interest (ROI) of a predefined size centered at the detected core point is extracted. The resulting ROI is rotated based on the angle of the detected core point to ensure rotation invariance. Subsequently, the proposed system extracts the average absolute deviation (AAD) from the outputs of a Gabor filter bank. To reduce the dimensionality of the extracted features whilst generating more discriminatory representation, this paper compares the unsupervised Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and the supervised Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) methods for dimensionality reduction. User-specific thresholding schemes are investigated to improve the verification performance. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated through extensive experimentation on the FVC2002 set_a public database, in both identification and verification scenarios.     

一种多算法融合的人脸识别方法研究

针对人脸识别技术易受光照、姿态、表情等影响 ,为了增强人脸识别算法的鲁棒性,提出首先采用 LBP算法提取人脸图像的局部纹理特征,使用PCA算法将高维的空间人脸图像投影到低维的 特征空间,使 用LDA算法利用人脸类别标签信息寻找最优的投影向量,实现了人脸图像维度进一步地压缩 ,最后使用SVM 分类器分类匹配得到识别结果。分别使用ORL和Yale人脸数据库验证了算法的有效性,实 验结果表明,文 中该方法具有良好的识别性能,与其它的识别算法相比,识别率有了较大的提高。     

A Modified Minimum Classification Error (MCE) Training Algorithm for Dimensionality Reduction

Dimensionality reduction is an important problem in pattern recognition. There is a tendency of using more and more features to improve the performance of classifiers. However, not all the newly added features are helpful to classification. Therefore it is necessary to reduce the dimensionality of feature space for effective and efficient pattern recognition. Two popular methods for dimensionality reduction are Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). While these methods are effective, there exists an inconsistency between feature extraction and the classification objective. In this paper we use Minimum Classification Error (MCE) training algorithm for feature dimensionality reduction and classification on Daterding and GLASS databases. The results of MCE training algorithms are compared with those of LDA and PCA.     

Gabor feature-based face recognition using supervised locality preserving projection

This paper introduces a novel Gabor-based supervised locality preserving projection (GSLPP) method for face recognition. Locality preserving projection (LPP) is a recently proposed method for unsupervised linear dimensionality reduction. LPP seeks to preserve the local structure which is usually more significant than the global structure preserved by principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA). In this paper, we investigate its extension, called supervised locality preserving projection (SLPP), using class labels of data points to enhance its discriminant power in their mapping into a low-dimensional space. The GSLPP method, which is robust to variations of illumination and facial expression, applies the SLPP to an augmented Gabor feature vector derived from the Gabor wavelet representation of face images. We performed comparative experiments of various face recognition schemes, including the proposed GSLPP method, PCA method, LDA method, LPP method, the combination of Gabor and PCA method (GPCA) and the combination of Gabor and LDA method (GLDA). Experimental results on AR database and CMU PIE database show superior of the novel GSLPP method.     

基于局部二元模式的快速红外人脸识别系统

红外人脸成像具有对光照、人脸皮肤、表情、姿态等因素变化不敏感的特点,可以在一定程度上弥补这些因素对可见光人脸识别影响的不足。为了充分提取红外人的局部鉴别特征,文中提出了一个基于局部二元模式的快速红外人脸识别系统。该系统首先通过thermoVision A40型红外热像仪获分辨率为320240的红外人脸图像,并通过人脸检测和归一化方法提取大小为6080的标准红外人脸图像。其次,基于人脸图像的对称性,将红外人脸图像分块。通过局部二元模式直方图提取每一分块所包含的纹理模式特征。最后,采用Kruskal-Wallis（KW）特征选择算法,进一步抽取对识别有贡献的局部纹理特征用于分类识别。实验结果表明:提出的热红外人脸系统识别率明显优于基于主成分分析（PCA）和线性鉴别分析（LDA）的传统红外人脸识别系统,可以达到98.6%的识别率。与此同时,提出的红外人脸识别系统识别速度也快于传统基于PCA和LDA系统,可以广泛应用于实时人脸识别中。