悬浮转子式微机械陀螺仪的研究进展

介绍了一种不同于振动式微机械陀螺仪的新型微机电系统陀螺一悬浮转子式微机械陀螺仪,并就国内外关于磁悬浮转子微陀螺和静电悬浮转子微陀螺研究的各种结构及其工作原理、工艺和性能特点进行了概述,以展示这一新颖微陀螺的研究现状和发展趋势。     

哥氏振动陀螺脱颖而出

哥氏振动陀螺是一种无转子陀螺,它用振动元件取代了传统陀螺的机械转子,用微幅振动取代了高速旋转,因而具有寿命长、可靠性高、体积小、重量轻、精度高等突出特点,是一种新型的极有发展潜力的惯性仪表。哥氏振动陀螺代表一种重要的惯性技术,它不仅具有所有的惯性品质,而且在众多的陀螺中只有它能够实现微型化。哥氏振动陀螺主要包括压电振动陀螺半球谐振陀螺和微机械振动陀螺。随着科学技术的发     

MEMS微陀螺仪研究进展

回顾了MEMS微陀螺仪的研究进展,简单介绍了MEMS微陀螺仪的市场应用。微陀螺仪是MEMS器件中非常重要的一类器件。它的运用已经从单纯的航空领域逐渐转向汽车、消费电子行业等低端市场,这意味着微陀螺仪除了传统意义上的高精度高稳定性的要求,也可以向低精度商品化发展。传统的振动式陀螺,由于原理的局限性和加工技术的限制,很难达到战术级和惯性级的要求。导航级集成微陀螺(NGIMG)项目建议使用其他途径,以减少器件的可移动部件和降低工艺难度,从而提高其精度和抗干扰能力。各种设计方法近年来层出不穷,其中悬浮转子式微陀螺是目前精度最高的陀螺仪,微集成光学式陀螺也将在未来一段时间拥有巨大的研究潜力和发展空间。     

静电悬浮转子微陀螺五自由度位置检测研究

给出了一种基于微机电系统(MEMS)技术的静电悬浮转子微陀螺,为了实现对静电悬浮转子微陀螺转子的五自由度(5-DOF)悬浮控制,需要对转子进行五自由度位置检测,首先介绍了微位移检测原理,提出了一种基于频分复用技术和开关解调技术的微位移检测方法,设计了基于直接数字频率合成(DDS)技术的多频率信号发生器、前置放大器及锁相放大器组成的位置测试系统,位移检测电路的各项性能指标能满足静电悬浮转子微陀螺的五自由度控制需要.     

常温下微机械陀螺长时漂移特性实验研究

为了获取高线性度微机械陀螺仪常温下的长时漂移特性,该文采用光测法(计算机视觉测试系统)与传统电测法相结合的方法,分别在t=0,25min,120min时测试了微机械陀螺驱动模态的振动特性。最后通过对比分析光测法和电测法的测试结果,获得了微机械陀螺仪的长时漂移特性,并给出了陀螺在常温下产生长时漂移的影响因素。     

旋转载体用硅微机械陀螺的敏感元件

介绍了旋转载体用硅微机械陀螺的敏感原理,计算了硅振动单元振动摆角和敏感电容的关系。介绍了旋转载体用硅微机械陀螺敏感元件的结构和利用双面多次光刻、腐蚀等微机械工艺加工得到硅振动单元的工艺过程。对制作的4个敏感元件的电容进行静态测试,得到4个敏感元件各自电容的静态值,它们之间有所偏差。     

微机械叉指换能器声表面波陀螺

回顾了声表面波(SAW)陀螺发展史，总结了声表面波陀螺设计思想的变迁，重点介绍了一种新型微机械-叉指换能器(MEMS—IDT)声表面波陀螺。它具有适合标准IC工艺生产的简单二维结构，具备体积小、成本低、便于批量生产以及不用真空封装的特点。由于没有普通微机械陀螺的悬浮机构，抗冲击及振动的能力较普通微机械陀螺显著提高。同时，提出了一些迫待解决的问题。     

MEMS-IDT声表面波陀螺

声表面波陀螺的概念出现在70年代初期,发展为MEMS-IDT声表面波陀螺仅是最近几年的事情。MEMS-IDT声表面波陀螺仪是一种MEMS微机械振动陀螺,这种陀螺为单层平面结构,采用标准IC工艺就可完成加工,勿需悬浮的振动元件,有很强的抗冲击振动能力,可靠性高,可不用真空封装而保持较高的灵敏度。     

Z轴硅微机械陀螺仪温度特性研究

硅陀螺仪是近年来发展起来的一种新型角速度传感器,温度变化是其主要误差源之一.分析了温度变化对硅微陀螺仪的谐振频率和品质因数的影响,并选择常温下机械品质因数不同的两个陀螺在-40℃～80℃温度范围内进行测试,得出机械品质因数和谐振频率随温度变化规律.实验结果验证了陀螺仪谐振频率随温度升高而线形下降;温度变化时,封装陀螺仪抽真空度对陀螺机械品质因数产生明显影响.     

杠杆耦合式微机械陀螺仪特性分析

基于机械杠杆的位移放大效应,提出了一种具有微杠杆结构的电容检测式微机械陀螺结构,所设计的杠杆放大机构设置在陀螺的检测模态中,通过杠杆将科氏质量块的检测位移放大传递到检测框上,以提升检测位移。建立杠杆结构陀螺的二阶振动微分方程,分析了杠杆结构对微机械陀螺结构静刚度和固有频率的影响,探讨了在不同结构条件下杠杆结构对检测位移的放大效果。通过仿真验证了理论的准确性与可行性,结果表明,在陀螺谐振情况下,可有效增大检测框位移60%以上,提升了检测位移,进而提升检测灵敏度。     

High-performance micromachined gyroscope with a slanted suspension cantilever

This paper presents a novel structure for improving the stability and the mechanical noise of micromachined gyroscopes.Only one slanted cantilever is used for suspension in this gyroscope,so the asymmetry spring and the thermal stress,which most micromachined gyroscopes suffer from,are reduced.In order to reduce the mechanical noise,the proof masses are designed to be much larger than in most micromachined gyroscopes.The gyroscope chip is sealed at 0.00 1 Pa vacuum.A gyroscope sample and its read-out circuit are fabricated.The scale factor of this gyroscope is measured as 57.6 mV/(deg/sec) with a nonlinearity better than 0.12%in a measurement range of ±100 deg/sec.The short-term bias stability in 20 min is 60 deg/h.     

一种基于倾斜悬臂梁的高性能硅微陀螺

This paper presents a novel structure for improving the stability and the mechanical noise of micromachined gyroscopes. Only one slanted cantilever is used for suspension in this gyroscope, so the asymmetry spring and the thermal stress, which most micromachined gyroscopes suffer from, are reduced. In order to reduce the mechanical noise, the proof masses are designed to be much larger than in most micromachined gyroscopes. The gyroscope chip is sealed at 0.001 Pa vacuum. A gyroscope sample and its read-out circuit are fabricated. The scale factor of this gyroscope is measured as 57.6 mV/（deg/sec） with a nonlinearity better than 0.12% in a measurement range of ±100 deg/sec. The short-term bias stability in 20 min is 60 deg/h.     

加速度计振动陀螺

叙述了能同时敏感运动物体线加速度和角速率的加速度计陀螺的原理、结构及微机械加速度计陀螺的性能。     

石英微机械陀螺的研究进展

首先介绍了石英微机械陀螺基于压电效应和科氏加速度的工作原理,回顾了石英微机械陀螺的发展历程,并且介绍了石英微机械陀螺的国内外发展现状。然后,针对石英微机械陀螺不同的结构进行了分类,并且对于不同结构的石英微机械陀螺的具体加工工艺、性能参数、应用领域等进行了综述。最后,对不同结构类型的石英微机械陀螺的尺寸、加工工艺,检测轴向,精度等参数进行了总结和对比,在此基础上分析了石英微机械陀螺的发展趋势,并指出了石英微机械陀螺研究中存在的问题,例如石英加工过程中产生的侧壁晶棱的不平整、石英侧壁电极的制作困难以及石英微机械陀螺多轴化应用的限制等。     

Micromachined inertial sensors

This paper presents a review of silicon micromachined accelerometers and gyroscopes. Following a brief introduction to their operating principles and specifications, various device structures, fabrication, technologies, device designs, packaging, and interface electronics issues, along with the present status in the commercialization of micromachined inertial sensors, are discussed. Inertial sensors have seen a steady improvement in their performance, and today, microaccelerometers can resolve accelerations in the micro-g range, while the performance of gyroscopes has improved by a factor of 10× every two years during the past eight years. This impressive drive to higher performance, lower cost, greater functionality, higher levels of integration, and higher volume will continue as new fabrication, circuit, and packaging techniques are developed to meet the ever increasing demand for inertial sensors     

Design and noise analysis of a sigma-delta capacitive micromachined accelerometer

A single-loop fourth-order sigma-delta (∑△) interface circuit for a closed-loop micromachined accelerometer is presented.Two additional electronic integrators are cascaded with the micromachined sensing element to form a fourth-order loop filter.The three main noise sources affecting the overall system resolution of a ∑Δ accelerometer,mechanical noise,electronic noise and quantization noise,are analyzed in detail.Accurate mathematical formulas for electronic and quantization noise are established.The ASIC is fabricated in a 0.5 μm two-metal two-poly n-well CMOS process.The test results indicate that the mechanical noise and electronic noise are 1 μg(Hz) and 8 μV/(Hz)respectively,and the theoretical models of electronic and quantization noise agree well with the test and simulation results.     

Design of high-Q 3-D integrated inductors for high frequency applications

Design of 3-Dimensional micromachined inductors on high-(10 KΩ·cm) and low-resistivity(10 Ω·cm) Si substrate fabricated using stress metal technology we have developed [1, 2] is presented. Using high frequency electromagnetic simulation of 3-Dimensional inductors performed by Ansoft HFSS®, we have investigated the effects of number of turns, effective radius, metal line width, and different substrates on the quality factor, Q and self-resonant frequency, f _sr of these inductors. We also have compared the simulated results with the measurement results of 3-D inductors fabricated using this technology.     

电磁驱动电容检测微机械陀螺的设计

介绍了一种电磁驱动电容检测微机械陀螺的结构和工作原理。该陀螺的突出优点在于驱动和检测采用了相互独立的折叠梁和振动质量 ,故驱动和检测间的耦合大大地减小。本文从理论上分析了折叠梁结构参数对振动模态频率的影响 ,并针对初步确定的结构尺寸 ,利用COVENTERWARE软件进行了静力学和动力学分析 ,对理论计算结果进行了验证     

Micromachined devices for wireless communications

An overview of recent progress in the research and development of micromachined devices for use in wireless communication subsystems is presented. Among the specific devices described are tunable micromachined capacitors, integrated high-Q inductors, micromachined low-loss microwave and millimeter-wave filters, low-loss micromechanical switches, microscale vibrating mechanical resonators with Q's in the tens of thousands, and miniature antennas for millimeter-wave applications. Specific applications are reviewed for each of these components with emphasis on methods for miniaturization and performance enhancement of existing and further wireless transceivers