基于子模式双向二维主成分分析的人脸识别

为了减轻人脸姿态、表情和光照条件等因素变化对识别率的影响,采用了一种子模式双向二维主成分分析(Sp-(2D)2PCA)的人脸识别新方法。该方法通过对原图像进行分块处理,能有效地抽取原图像的局部特征;同时,通过采用(2D)2PCA对分块得到的子图像矩阵直接进行特征抽取,避免了矩阵向量间的转化,能精确地计算协方差矩阵的特征向量,并能有效地降低特征维数。试验结果表明,在姿态、表情和光照条件变化的情况下,Sp-(2D)2PCA都具有较好的识别性能。     

基于子模式双向二维线性判别分析的人脸识别

针对表情和光照变化等对人脸识别影响的问题,提出一种基于子模式双向二维线性判别分析(Sub-pattern two-directional two-dimensional linear discriminant analysis,Sp-(2D)2 LDA)的人脸识别方法。该方法首先对原图像进行分块处理,并保持子块间的空间关系,然后对各个子训练样本集从行方向和列方向同时利用2DLDA进行特征抽取,最后把各个子特征矩阵拼接成一对应原始图像的特征矩阵,并采用最近邻分类器进行分类识别。在ORL及Yale人脸库上的试验结果表明,Sp-(2D)2 LDA有效降低了鉴别特征的维数,减少了表情和光照变化的影响,获得了较好的识别性能。     

基于PCA的人脸识别方法的比较研究

主成成份分析(PCA)方法是人脸识别技术中常用的一种一维特征抽取方法。传统PCA方法用于人脸识别常常面临图像维数高,直接计算量的问题。为了解决这2个问题,人们对PCA进行了改进,提出并实现了多种基于PCA的人脸识别。对3种基于PCA的人脸识别方法做了理论上的研究和实验上的性能比较。实验结果表明PCA 2DPCA是其中综合效果最好的一种方法。     

Gabor小波变换与图像分块的人脸识别算法研究

以二维Gabor小波变换提取人脸图像特征作为全局特征,对图像进行不等分块,人脸图像区域所在块加大权重,并提取每个子块的特征作为局部特征,对全局特征结合局部特征采用DCT进行降维处理,用支持向量机分类模型进行人脸识别。实验表明:与较同等分块的识别算法相比,该算法可提高人脸识别率。     

3D人脸识别研究探索

2D人脸识别技术虽已成熟,但由于单一的2D图像不能提供识别所需的完整信息,故其识别精度很难进一步提高。在人脸识别过程中,特征提取是影响识别效果的一个重要环节,在分析了传统的主成分分析法和由此改进的2D PCA方法的基础上,提出了3D人脸识别方法。该方法将人脸图像分为几个部分分别进行特征提取,同时充分考虑每个部分所包含的特征信息量的多少,并在分类时赋予它们不同的权值。因此,将人脸用立体图像来表示并进行识别是目前提高人脸识别精度的前沿课题。     

自适应阈值及加权局部二值模式的人脸识别

针对局部二值模式(LBP)和中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP)方法描述图像纹理特征时,阈值不能自动选取并且图像中不同子块的贡献也没有进行区分的问题,该文提出一种自适应阈值及加权的局部二值模式方法。首先,将图像进行分块,采用设定的自适应阈值提取每个子块的LBP或CS-LBP纹理直方图;然后,将各子图像的信息熵作为直方图的加权依据,对每个子块对应的直方图进行自适应加权,并将所有子块的直方图连接成最终的纹理特征;最后,通过快速计算图像均值加快了算法的计算速度。在人脸数据库上进行的实验证明,利用该文提出的方法提取纹理特征,并结合最近邻分类法可以得到较高的正确识别率。     

LBP和2DDCT相结合的单幅人脸图像识别

LBP（局部二值模式）作为一种有效的纹理描述算子,度量和提取图像局部的纹理信息,对光照具有不变性,在单幅人脸图像识别具有很好的应用。在研究此理论的基础上提出了一种基于局部二值模式（LBP）与二维离散余弦变换（2DDCT）相结合的人脸识别方法。将单幅的人脸图像规则的分成多个子块,对每个子块进行LBP变换,把每个LBP变换的后的子块分别用2DDCT变换到频率域,大部分信息保存在低频部分,选取低频作为人脸的频率域特征,有效的降低了维数,使计算量降低。实验结果表面,在ORL人脸数据库上具有较高的识别率。     

基于对数能量熵与LBP特征提取的人脸识别

传统LBP模式在提取图像的纹理特征时,没有对图像中的不同子块加以区分。一般情况下图像的不同子块包含的纹理信息不尽相同,不能真实地反映图像纹理的变化情况。为了解决传统LBP算法在人脸识别过程中产生的直方图维数过长、鉴别力不高、对噪声反应敏感等问题,提出一种基于对数能量熵与LBP特征提取的人脸识别方法。首先将一副人脸图像分成互不重叠的大小相等的子块,然后计算每个子块的LBP直方图,同时对每个子块计算对数能量熵值;其次把每个子块的LBP直方图特征与对数能量熵值组合成一个新的特征向量;最后,将每个图像块的特征向量连接成一个全局的特征向量,将该特征向量用作分类识别。基于YALE人脸库,ORL人脸库和FERET人脸库的实验结果与数据分析表明,文中提出的算法能够更加准确地提取图像的特征信息,有效地提高了人脸识别率。     

采用双字典协作稀疏表示的光照及表情顽健人脸识别

提出一种采用小波变换(WT)及双字典协作稀疏表示分类(CSRC)的人脸识别方法-WT-CSRC.WT-CSRC首先利用PCA(主成分分析)将小波分解后的人脸高频细节子图融合成高频细节图像;然后用PCA分别对人脸低频图像和高频细节图像进行特征提取,构造低频和高频特征空间,并用训练样本在两种特征空间上的投影集构造低频字典和高频字典;最后将测试样本在两种字典上进行稀疏表示,并引入互相关系数以增强人脸识别的可靠性,实现了人脸的协作分类.实验结果表明,提出的方法提高了人脸识别率,对光照变化及表情变化具有较强的顽健性,并且具有较高的时间效率.     

分块CS-LBP和加权PCA的低分辨率人脸识别

针对局部二值模式(LBP)特征在低分辨率的人脸图 像上识别率较低的问题,提出了一种基于分块中心对称局部二值模式(CS-LBP,center symmetric local binary pattern)和加权主成分分析(PCA)算法的低分辨率人脸识别算法。 首先利用分块CS-LBP算子提取低分辨率人脸图像的特征;然后利用加权PCA算子对特 征进行降维, 从而得到更强的分类特征;最后利用最近邻分类器选出人脸最优分类类别并计算识别率。在 ORL人脸库上的实验表明,在人脸图像分辨率下降到(12×10)时,本 文算法的识别率仍能达 到85.00%,基本满足了实际运用中对识别率的要求,并且降低了运算 时间。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.