一种基于信道缩短的深衰落稀疏均衡改进算法

针对较低信噪比下的深衰落稀疏多径信道,提出了一种基于信道缩短的自适应稀疏均衡改进算法。该算法采用前置分数间隔信道缩短均衡器与后置自适应稀疏均衡器级联的均衡器结构,其中,首先利用短训练序列设计基于最小均方误差准则的前置均衡器,前置均衡器与稀疏多径信道级联后得到能量集中于较短时间区域且分布稀疏的等效信道,使得原始信道的深衰落畸变得到部分有效补偿;然后采用能实现稀疏信号重构的随机梯度追踪算法调整后置自适应均衡器的抽头系数,后置均衡器用于消除等效信道的剩余符号间干扰。仿真结果表明,与传统的单级分数间隔自适应均衡器相比,该算法具有收敛速度快和运算复杂度低的优点。     

稀疏多径信道的T/2间隔CFE均衡器研究

完全反馈均衡器(Complete Feedback Equalizer, CFE)是判决反馈均衡器(DFE)的改进。该文提出了一种T/2分数间隔稀疏CFE(T/2 Sparse CFE, T/2-SCFE)结构,以避免接收机对于符号定时误差的敏感性,并有效利用长时延扩展多径信道的稀疏性来降低均衡器的复杂度。理论分析与基于实测信道的计算机仿真表明, T/2-SCFE均衡器对符号定时误差保持了稳健性,总体性能优于符号间隔CFE及分数间隔DFE。     

基于毫米波通信的混合MIMO系统的信道估计

作为5G的一项关键技术,毫米波通信要求提出专有的信道估计和预编码算法,为此,针对毫米波MIMO系统的窄带平坦衰落信道研究下行信道估计方案.由于毫米波系统的稀疏特性,将稀疏多径信道的信道估计转化为稀疏信号的重建,基于压缩感知设计适用于毫米波通信系统的信道估计方案,深入研究了正交匹配追踪算法.仿真结果显示,它可以高概率地恢复信号,与传统的最小二乘法比较,能获得更好的信道估计性能.     

一种适用于稀疏多径信道的自适应均衡算法

针对传统的自适应均衡算法在稀疏多径信道下性能表现不佳的问题,提出了一种基于基追踪降噪的自适应均衡算法。该算法利用稀疏多径信道下均衡器权值的稀疏性,将自适应均衡器的训练过程看作压缩感知理论中稀疏信号对字典的加权求和,并利用重构算法直接对稀疏权值进行求解,解决了迭代参数设置和收敛慢的问题。采用基追踪降噪作为重构算法并选用变量分离近似稀疏重构对该最优化问题进行求解,既提高了权值的重构精度又降低了计算的复杂度。仿真结果表明,所提算法能够以较低的计算量和较少的训练序列达到更优性能,这对提升系统的通信性能具有参考价值。     

基于压缩感知技术的双向中继信道估计

设计了一种基于压缩感知（compressive sensing, CS）技术的双向中继信道（two-way relay channels, TWRC）估计方法,并具体采用正交匹配追踪算法（orthogonal matching pursuit, OMP）对OFDM系统下的信道脉冲响应进行估计。双向中继信道往往呈现出稀疏多径结构,这种结构会随着信号空间维数的增大而越加明显。传统的线性估计方法没有考虑到TWRC的潜在稀疏性,因而导致了对关键通信资源的过度使用。而基于CS的TWRC估计方法能够很好地利用这种传输信道的稀疏多径结构,与传统线性估计方法相比,在获得同样估计性能的前提下,需要的训练序列长度大大减少,有效地提高了频谱、能量等资源利用率。同时,所采用的OMP算法的时间复杂度主要依赖于信道稀疏度,因此计算效率往往比传统的方法高。仿真也证实了基于CS的TWRC估计算法的优越性。      

多径衰落信道MPSK信号超指数迭代盲解调算法

为了提高多径衰落信道下的盲解调性能,提出了一种结构简单的MPSK信号盲解调算法。首先利用超指数迭代分数间隔盲均衡器实现联合定时同步与均衡,然后对均衡器输出信号进行非线性变换实现载波频偏的估计,最后利用二阶数字判决锁相环跟踪相位变化纠正剩余频偏和相偏。仿真结果表明,在多径衰落信道条件下,与现有算法相比,基于超指数迭代分数间隔盲均衡器的盲解调算法实现简单,误码率低,而且具有收敛速度快、性能稳定等优点。     

基于多小波双变换的非线性卫星信道盲均衡算法

针对非线性卫星信道Volterra盲均衡系统收敛缓慢、计算复杂高等不足,提出了基于多小波双变换的非线性卫星信道盲均衡算法.该算法用Wiener均衡器代替Volterra均衡器,减小了均衡器结构的复杂性;用平衡正交多小波对Wiener均衡器的输入信号进行变换,降低了输入信号的自相关性;在Wiener均衡器输出端增加一级判决反馈滤波器,同时对其输入信号作平衡多小波变换,又降低了判决反馈滤波器输出信号的自相关性.仿真结果验证了该算法的有效性.     

基于神经网络均衡器的小波包多载波扩频系统

在多径衰落信道下,本文提出了一种基于神经网络均衡器的小波包多载波扩频系统(Neural Network Equalizers Wavelet Packet Spread Spectrum,NNE-WPSS).本文利朋基于最小均方算法(Least Mean Square algorithm,LMS)的复径向基函数神经网络均衡器(Complex Radial Basis Function Network Equalizers,CRBF)来抑制由多径衰落信道引起的码间干扰(Inter-Symbol Interference,ISI)并且利用最大似然算法对解调后的码元进行检测.在多径衰落信道和白高斯噪声情况下,本文分析了基于神经网络均衡器的新型小波包多载波扩频系统的传输性能.仿真结果表明,本文所提出的基于神经网络均衡器的新型小波包多载波扩频系统的性能要优于传统的基于正交频分复用(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM)多载波扩频系统;本文提出的复径向基函数神经网络均衡器(CRBF)的性能也优于迫零均衡器(Zero-Forcing Equalizer,ZFE).     

低复杂度频域迭代均衡技术

迭代均衡技术是一种利用信道译码反馈提高接收机性能的关键技术,信道译码器输出译码软信息,通过译码反馈能够重建发送信号,并根据反馈信号的可靠性更新前端信道均衡器的系数。通过频域实现均衡器系数的计算,具有较低的计算复杂度。随着总体迭代次数的增加,最终迭代均衡器能够收敛,从而消除多径信道引入的符号间干扰的影响,提高接收机的可靠性。     

基于簇的块稀疏压缩感知的60GHz信道估计

基于压缩感知设计适用于60 GHz毫米波通信系统的信道估计方案,深入研究了正交匹配追踪(OMP)算法和正则正交匹配追踪(Regularized OMP)算法的60 GHz信道估计性能;在此基础上,充分发掘60 GHz无线多径信道所呈现出的分簇特性,提出一种新颖的基于簇分级的稀疏压缩感知重构算法。新算法在有效减少重构迭代次数的前提下,亦能显著降低信道估计误差。综合对比分析了基于簇分块稀疏压缩感知重构算法和现有压缩感知算法在60 GHz信道估计应用中的重构性能,仿真结果表明,压缩感知算法可有效应用于60 GHz系统信道估计,而新设计的基于簇分级的稀疏压缩感知算法则在估计精度和实现复杂度方面具更优越性能。     

自适应均衡技术在宽带微波传输中的应用

在微波视距通信中通常采用二径模型来描述信道,简要介绍了二径模型的频率响应、损伤参数以及多径时延与天线高度、通信距离的关系。自适应均衡器是对抗多径造成的频率选择性衰落的一种重要手段,简要介绍了自适应均衡器的原理以及设计思路,采用4种典型信道下均衡前后解调器的误码性能对自适应均衡器的抗二径损伤的效果进行评估。测试结果表明,自适应均衡器能有效地对抗二径造成的频率选择性衰落,该均衡器能满足工程使用要求。     

Sparse adaptive constant blind equalization algorithm for sparse multipath channel

In order to improve the convergence rate of the blind equalizer for sparse multipath channel,a novel blind equalization approach called l₀-norm constraint proportionate normalized least mean square constant algorithm was proposed for M-order phase-shift keying (MPSK) signal.Based on the constant modulus characteristics of MPSK signal and the sparse property of equalizer,a new blind equalization cost function with the l₀-norm penalty on the equalizer tap coefficients was firstly constructed.Then the update formula of the tap coefficients was derived according to the gradient descent algorithm.Moreover,the iteration step was updated by drawing upon the normalized proportionate factor.The algorithm not only assigned step sizes proportionate to the magnitude of the current individual tap weights,but also attracted the inactive taps to zero adaptively.Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms the existing blind equalization algorithms for sparse channel in reducing ISI and improving convergence rate.     

l0-范数约束的稀疏多径信道RLS常模盲均衡算法

针对稀疏多径信道下MPSK信号的快速盲均衡问题,提出了一种l0-范数约束的递归最小二乘常模盲均衡算法.该算法借鉴传统的递归最小二乘常模盲均衡算法思想,结合稀疏自适应滤波理论,首先利用l0-范数对均衡器抽头系数进行稀疏性约束,构造出一种l0-范数约束的加权最小二乘误差代价函数,然后依据递归最小二乘算法推导出均衡器抽头系数更新公式.该算法发挥递归最小二乘常模算法收敛速度快的优势,并对幅度极小系数附加零点吸引调整,从而实现不同幅度抽头系数的快速收敛.理论分析与仿真结果表明,与现有算法相比,该算法在保证较低剩余符号间干扰的前提下,能有效提高均衡器的收敛速度.     

A new adaptive equalizer with channel estimator for mobile radiocommunication

For unknown mobile radio channels with severe intersymbol interference (ISI), a maximum likelihood sequence estimator, such as a decision feedback equalizer (DFE) having both feedforward and feedback filters, needs to handle both precursors and postcursors. Consequently, such an equalizer is too complex to be practical. This paper presents a new reduced-state, soft decision feedback Viterbi equalizer (RSSDFVE) with a channel estimator and predictor. The RSSDFVE uses maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) to handle the precursors and truncates the overall postcursors with the soft decision of the MLSE to reduce the implementation complexity. A multiray fading channel model with a Doppler frequency shift is used in the simulation. For fast convergence, a channel estimator with fast start-up is proposed. The channel estimator obtains the sampled channel impulse response (CIR) from the training sequence and updates the RSSDFVE during the bursts in order to track changes of the fading channel. Simulation results show the RSSDFVE has nearly the same performance as the MLSE for time-invariant multipath fading channels and better performance than the DFE for time-variant multipath fading channels with less implementation complexity than the MLSE. The fast start-up (FS) channel estimator gives faster convergence than a Kalman channel estimator. The proposed RSSDFVE retains the MLSE structure to obtain good performance and only uses soft decisions to subtract the postcursor interference. It provides the best tradeoff between complexity and performance of any Viterbi equalizers     

Dual diversity combining and decision feedback equalizer in indoor millimetre‐wave channel

Wideband communication characteristics of wireless indoor millimetre‐wave channel for arched and rectangular buildings are investigated. The impulse responses of arched and rectangular buildings for any transmitter–receiver location are computed by shooting and bouncing ray/image (SBR/Image) techniques. By using the impulse responses of these multipath channels, the impact of shapes of building is presented and the bit error rate performance of binary phase shift keying (BPSK) system with phase and timing recovery circuits are also calculated. Moreover, dual space antenna diversity technique and decision feedback equalizer (DFE) with four forward and three feedback taps are used to combat the multipath fading. Numerical results show that the mean root mean square (rms) delay spread for the arched building is smaller than that for the rectangular building. In addition, it is also found that the transmission rate can be up to 20 Mbps for indoor millimetre‐wave channel of these two buildings by using dual space diversity and DFE. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Efficient bad equalizer in two-ray multipath fading channels

An efficient bidirectional arbitrated decision feedback (BAD) equalizer is presented in single-carrier block transmission system in the Two-Ray multipath fading channels, where the output from the bidirectional equalizers are combined together directly using maximal ratio combining (MRC) rule to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) before demodulation. The computational complexity of the BAD equalizer presented is linear with the channel length, which is the same as conventional decision feedback equalizer (DFE) and is significantly lower than that of conventional BAD equalizer as well as the maximum likelihood (ML) algorithm. While the performance of the new scheme depends on the specific channel characteristics, it is shown by simulation results that the performance of the new BAD can surpass the one of DFE dramatically in the minimum or non-minimum phase Two-Ray multipath fading channels.     

Decorrelating detector with diversity combining for single user frequency-selective rayleigh fading multipath channels

Diversity combining techniques are applied in mobile radio communications as a means of performance improvement in a fading multipath environment. Adaptive equalizers which incorporate diversity combining were shown to combat intersymbol interference (ISI) caused by multipath provided that the fading is sufficiently slow. However, for fast fading rates, noncoherent techniques are often desirable. In this paper, we examine the performance of several coherent and noncoherent detectors that make use of diversity combining. In particular, the decorrelating filter is shown to provide reliable performance for a frequency-selective Rayleigh fading multipath channel with ISI. Numerical and simulation results are presented for a channel with two independent Rayleigh fading paths. Signal design issues which arise in the implementation of the decorrelating detector and the zero-forcing equalizer are discussed.