光动力学理论的新进展

光动力治疗定义为将光敏药物（PS）用于患者的待定点、局部范围、全身系统的损伤处（通常是，但并不一定是癌症），然后利用可见光（通常是长波段的红光）照射该病变部位，来获得可观的疗效。图1为流程简图。图1光动力治疗示意图。光敏药物被系统注入，随后在人体内扩散，并沉积在肿瘤中。经过一段特定时间，对肿瘤施以光照，导致肿瘤细胞的死亡历史光动力治疗（PDT）的概念可追溯到本世纪初期，当时人们就利用啶和曙红等染料和光一起来治疗皮肤癌。血卟啉（血红细胞中的色素沉积）现象也于该时期第一次发现，而直到本世纪60年代有关肿瘤…     

中国光学学会医用光学专业委员会1985年学术会议论文摘要选编

闪光灯泵浦染料激光对动物肿瘤抑制作用的实验报告；脉冲染料激光治疗肿瘤的临床疗效；铜激光及氩激光对鸡冠组织生物效应的初步探讨；膀胱癌的光动力学疗法实验研究；PDT合并热疗对S180细胞的杀伤作用及其分子机理初探；上消化道癌血卟啉-激光治疗后的随访观察；光敏治疗加高温对小鼠肉瘤180的作用；氮激光加光敏剂对白色念珠菌生长的影响。[编者按]     

血卟啉单甲醚介导的光动力作用对小鼠肝癌细胞生长抑制的初步研究

目的：观察血卟啉单甲醚介导的光动力作用对小鼠肝癌H22细胞生长的抑制作用。方法：采用倒置显微镜观察和MTT法检测血卟啉单甲醚介导的光动力作用后小鼠肝癌H22细胞的生长情况。结果：血卟啉单甲醚介导的光动力作用显著抑制小鼠肝癌H22细胞的生长,在一定光能密度条件下,细胞生长抑制作用跟血卟啉单甲醚浓度间呈剂量依赖关系。倒置显微镜下观察到光动力作用组癌细胞数量显著减少,细胞固缩,而单纯光照组,单纯血卟啉单甲醚组和假照射组三组间无明显差异;MTT法示光动力组细胞抑制率显著高于单纯光照组、单纯血卟啉单甲醚组和假照射组（P〈0.05）,单纯血卟啉单甲醚组和假照射组间无明显差异（P〉0.05）。结论：血卟啉单甲醚光动力学作用对小鼠肝癌细胞H22生长抑制作用确切。     

光动力作用效果的剂量学描述探讨

讨论肿瘤光动力治疗中光敏药物剂量、光剂量的描述和测量,利用光动力损伤剂量把光动力作用中光敏药物剂量、光剂量和组织氧浓度三者联系起来,分析说明定量讨论光动力作用效果的可行性和重要性,建立光动力作用效果与光敏药物剂量、光剂量、氧浓度以及组织光学参数的关联,所得到的定量关系对设计合理的光动力治疗方案有借鉴作用。     

血卟啉衍生物的两步激光激活

用连续波的光激活染料如血卟啉或血卟啉衍生物时，对正常细胞和肿瘤细胞具有杀伤作用。这种特性及其有积累的事实在一些高的有丝分裂指数组织中，有一定程度的特异性，使之成为治疗肿瘤的特有的吸引力。近年来，实验性和人类肿瘤方面已经说明光激活血卟啉衍生物的治疗意义。     

金蒸汽激光光敏疗法治疗膀胱癌

我院使用上海光机所研制的波长628nm的金蒸汽激光器作血卟啉光敏疗法光源共治疗16例,70个膀胱肿瘤病员。光敏药物应用扬州生化制药厂生产的YHPD。按5mg/公斤体重剂量在照光前48小时静脉点滴给药,另照光前2～4小时按2.5mg/公斤     

鼠脑肿瘤血卟啉光敏诊治时间的探索

目的:寻求鼠脑肿瘤注血卟啉后光敏诊治最佳时间。方法:在注HPD后不同时间对正常脑组织和脑肉瘤组织用氙离子激光激发荧光,采用OMA系统分析观察两组的荧光变化。结果:显示注药3小时后小鼠正常脑组织血卟啉荧光峰明显下降而脑肉瘤组织仍保持较高血卟啉浓度。结论:注药后4~5小时是最佳的鼠脑肿瘤光敏诊断及光动力学治疗的时间。     

膀胱癌光动力学治疗前后的超微结构改变

为了深入认识激光血卟啉治疗肿瘤的作用机理,本文以透射电镜观察了8例膀胱癌光动力学治疗前后的超微结构改变。标本为膀胱镜活检材料,计治疗前8例,治疗后1、3小时各1例,1、4天各3例。治疗前所取的癌组织结构保存良好,癌细胞的核、胞浆、胞质膜、细胞间隙、细胞突起等结构都清晰可辨。毛细血管内皮细胞多很薄     

肿瘤导向光敏药物研究现状及发展构想

单克隆抗体偶联光敏药物介导的光动力靶向治疗肿瘤是继手术、放疗和化疗而来的肿瘤治疗方法。本文综述了抗体导向光敏药物的研究进展，并提出构建靶向光敏药物的新设想。     

两种卟啉类光敏剂对SMMC-7721细胞敏化损伤的拉曼光谱分析

用拉曼光谱技术比较血卟啉单甲醚HMEM和血卟啉衍生物HpD对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721光敏化损伤。实验测定了用两种光敏剂对SMMC-7721细胞光动力作用后的DNA和蛋白质的光谱图。结果显示:HMME和HpD对DNA和蛋白质构象的光敏损伤特征是相同的,但损伤程度不同。经HMME作用的SMMC-7721细胞的谱线,DNA各峰的位置和强度的变化都比HpD大,有的峰消失,蛋白质主链的几条谱线强度与HpD谱线相比大幅降低,表示HMME对DNA和蛋白质主链的损伤较大。结果表明:HMME对SMMC-7721细胞的光敏     

Effects of DL-difluoromethylornithine on the cell surface charge of Ehrlich ascitic cancer during different phases of the mitotic cycle

Difluoromethylornithine (DFMO)-induced polyamide deficiency has been studied for its effect on the electrophoretic mobility of the Ehrlich ascitic cells in G1, S and G2 phases of the mitotic cycle. The DFMO treatment alters the pattern of the electrophoretic mobility distribution of Ehrlich ascite cells. The most profound changes of the electrophoretic mobility pattern are observed in G1-phase and at the S phase beginning. Exogenic polyamines decrease the electrophoretic mobility of cancer cells, which is accompanied by restoration of the initial pattern of the electrophoretic mobility distribution.     

Ultrastructural and cytochemical study of cell wall modification by lactoferrin,lactoferricin and penicillin G against Staphylococcus aureus

To investigate the effect of lactoferrin or lactoferricin with or without penicillin G, light and transmission electron microscopy were performed on thin sections of two Staphylococcus aureus strains. Lactoferrin affected the ultrastructure of S. aureus and groups of undivided cells were observed after lactoferrin treatment with or without penicillin G. These results suggest that lactoferrin can affect staphylococcal cell separation and therefore prevent dissemination of daughter cells from spreading infection. After treatment with lactoferrin, S. aureus cells were less covered (P<0.05) with wheatgerm agglutinin labelled with gold, thus suggesting that lactoferrin affected the synthesis of peptidoglycan and/or the binding to N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosamine. Lactoferricin with or without penicillin G induced the lysis of many bacteria, formation of mesosomal structures and modifications of cell wall. Lactating female CD-1 mice were infected by intramammary delivery of a penicillin-resistant S. aureus strain and were then randomly assigned to treatments according to a 2 x 2 factorial design. Electron microscopy examination showed that 2 days of systemic treatments with lactoferrin affected the morphology and aggregation of S. aureus. In conclusion, lactoferrin and lactoferricin affect S. aureus morphology which may facilitate its killing by penicillin G.     

PDT对SW480细胞和转染CD自杀基因的SW480结肠癌周期和凋亡的影响

目的:观察PDT对SW480细胞和转染CD自杀基因的SW480结肠癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响.方法:采用脂质体基因转移技术将CD基因转染SW480结肠癌细胞后,进行PDT处理,用流式细胞仪分析ALA-PDT结合CD/5Fc自杀基因系统对结肠癌细胞周期和凋亡的影响.结果:ALA-PDT可使SW480细胞G1,细胞比率明显降低,S期细胞比率升高;ALA-PDT不会增加SW480细胞凋亡.PDT与5-Fc结合对SW480-CD细胞各周期比率的影响与对照组相似,表明对各期细胞影响度相似;两种方法结合可以明显诱导SW480细胞凋亡.结论:静止期SW480细胞对PDT比较敏感,增殖期细胞相对不敏感.PDT与5-Fc结合对静止期和增殖期癌细胞均有杀伤作用,且可明显诱导细胞凋亡.     

癌细胞细胞周期的紫外吸收特性

对了宫颈癌细胞(Hela细胞)在细胞周期G1、S、G2和M期的紫外吸收光谱特性差异进行了分析.在细胞周期各时相的光谱峰值存在位移,这些位移说明Hela在细胞周期变化过程中芳香族氨基酸生色刚发生的变化导致了不同时相的紫外吸收光谱的差异.从而得出结论:细胞周期各时相的紫外吸收光谱存在显著差异,能够反映细胞生长变化过程中蛋白质的变化.     

Changes occurring on the cell surface during KSHV reactivation

Following an infection, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpes virus (KSHV) exists predominantly in its latent state, with only 1-2% of infected cells undergoing lytic reactivation. We have previously demonstrated along with others a relationship between lytic reactivation and cell cycle progression (Bryan et al., 2006. J. Gen. Virol. 87: 519; McAllister et al., 2005. J. Virol. 79: 2626). Infected cells in the S phase are much more likely to undergo lytic reactivation when compared to those in G(0)/G(1) phase. Through the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we analyzed changes occurring on the surface of cells undergoing KSHV reactivation. KSHV reactivation was observed predominantly in cells with smoother surface topology; a hallmark of cells derived from S phase. Interestingly, during the late stages of the reactivation process, we observed KSHV particles to egress cells through budding. Taken together, based on scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy evidences, we demonstrate for the first time the existence of a direct link between cell surface topology, cell cycle progression and KSHV reactivation.     

Diffusion–Drift Modeling of a Growing Breast Cancerous Cell

This paper presents a 2-D model to calculate the electric current densities and the biopotential differences generated due to a breast cancerous cell during the hyperpolarization of the G1/synthesis (G1/S) transition. The proposed model is based on semiconductor diffusion-drift analysis, and aims to understand the biophysics associated with growing breast cancerous cells. The effect of the duration of the G1/S transition, and the diffusivity and the mobility of the cancerous cell boundary is investigated. The results show that shorter G1/S transition durations, and higher diffusivity and mobility at the cell boundary provide higher magnitude of the electric signals.     

Theoretical and experimental analysis of electroporated membrane conductance in cell suspension

An intense electric field can be applied to increase the membrane conductance G(m) and consequently, the conductivity of cell suspension. This phenomenon is called electroporation. This mechanism is used in a wide range of medical applications, genetic engineering, and therapies. Conductivity measurements of cell suspensions were carried out during application of electric fields from 40 to 165 kV/m. Experimental results were analyzed with two electroporation models: the asymptotic electroporation model was used to estimate G(m) at the beginning and at the end of electric field pulse, and the extended Kinosita electroporation model to increase G(m) linearly in time. The maximum G(m) was 1-7 × 10(4) S/m(2), and the critical angle (when the G(m) is insignificant) was 50°-65°. In addition, the sensitivity of electroporated membrane conductance to extracellular and cytoplasmatic conductivity and cell radius has been studied. This study showed that external conductivity and cell radius are important parameters affecting the pore-opening phenomenon. However, if the cell radius is larger than 7 μm in low conductivity medium, the cell dimensions are not so important.     

激光血管成形术对兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖周期动力学的影响

对２０只骼动脉粥样硬化模型兔进行激光血管成形术，检测术后不同时期成形段血管平滑肌细胞增殖周期动力学改变。结果表明，激光血管成形术后３天，血管平滑肌细胞Ｓ期，Ｇ２期和Ｍ期细胞数增加；术后２～４周达高峰，６周后不再增加，动脉造影可见成形段血管部分或完全闭塞。     

银杏小孢子囊壁发育的超微结构观察

本文利用透射电镜、半薄切片等技术,对银杏小孢子囊壁的发育进行了观察和研究。银杏小孢子囊壁分为表皮、内壁、中层和绒毡层。(1)对小孢子囊壁的表皮、内壁和中层细胞的观察表明,小孢子母细胞时期,这些细胞均处于活跃的代谢和合成阶段,含有大量的细胞器如线粒体、高尔基体、内质网和核糖体等;减数分裂时期细胞的细胞质浓度逐渐降低,细胞内分布有大液泡,其中表皮细胞的液泡膜上形成大量贮藏蛋白,内壁细胞的细胞壁逐渐皱缩,中层细胞纵向拉伸;有丝分裂时期,细胞的细胞质逐渐降解,内壁细胞切向壁和径向壁均出现大量乳突状纤维加厚,中层细胞解体,最后仅剩残余。(2)绒毡层细胞属于分泌型,在小孢子母细胞时期细胞内的细胞器丰富,其中质体在减数分裂过程中达到高峰;游离小孢子时期,粗糙内质网达到最大,绒毡层开始形成乌氏体,最终结合到花粉外壁,参与花粉外壁的形成;有丝分裂后期,绒毡层通过自溶的形式解体。以上结果显示,银杏的小孢子囊壁在为花粉发育提供营养和保护作用方面起着重要作用。     

The structure of HeLa cell population after exposure to methylnitrosourea at different phases of culture growth

To study the methylnitrosourea (MNU) effect on the HeLa cells culture at different stages of its growth the method of subcultivation, i. e. dissemination of cells immediately after the MNU effect, has been used followed by the study of the growth pattern of the reinoculated culture. When dissemination was carried out on the 4th, 7th and 10th day of the culture growth after the action of MNU, the highest growth inhibition effect was observed at the late stationary growth stage of the culture (the 10th day). The study of the population structure of such a culture by the method of batch cytofluorimetry has shown that MNU exerts a cytotoxic effect on cells: there is a shift in cell distribution according to the DNA content towards 4c typical of the G2/M-period of the cell cycle.