NRZ码和CSRZ码在40 Gbit/s单通道系统中传输性能分析

文章仿真了非归零码(NRZ)和载波抑制归零码(CSRZ)在40 Gbit/s单通道系统中G.652光纤上传输6×80 km的性能.比较了两种码型对接收端光滤波器和电滤波器带宽的要求、不同的入纤功率下功率代价以及残余色散对比.结果表明,在高速传输系统中,CSRZ码的传输性能明显优于NRZ码.     

RZ、CSRZ码在CBG色散补偿系统中的传输

全部利用线性啁啾光纤布拉格光栅（CBG）作色散补偿模块和在线通道滤波顺，在2500km超长距离的G．652光纤上实现10Ghps归零码（RZ）、载波抑制归零码（CSRZ）光信号的无电中继传输，并在2080km和2560km处分别对2种信号的传输性能进行了测试。CSRZ在上述2处的功率代价分别为～1dBm和～3dBm（BER-10^12，PRBS=10^23-1），RZ的功率代价分别为～3dBm和～5dBm，验证了在相同系统平台下CSRZ光信号比RZ光信号有更好的性能.     

归零码和非归零码传输系统模

对单信道40Gbit/s归零码（RZ）和非归零码（NRZ）传输系统进行了实际模拟。考虑了光纤损耗，二阶群速率色散、三阶群速度色散、偏振模色散及放大器噪声对系统影响，采用Q值判别法计算了系统可传输的最大距离，给出了系统眼图。计算结果表明，RZ的最大传输距离大于NRZ码，RZ系统传输性能优于NRZ系统。     

两种级联交错相位调制归零码的100Gbit/s传输

在级联相位调制的100 Gbit/s光信号传输系统中,提出了占空比为33%的光交错相移键控归零码(RZ-SDPSK)和占空比为67%的光交错相移键控载波抑制归零码(CSRZ-SDPSK)的产生和检测方案。通过50 km的普通单模光纤(SMF)和8 km的色散补偿光纤(DCF)传输后,当入纤功率相同时,CSRZ-SDPSK码具有较高的色散容限;如果仅考虑一阶偏振模色散(PMD),RZ-SDPSK信号具有较好的抗PMD特性。入纤功率在0～10dBm范围内调节时,两种码型码有相似的传输特性。通过125 GHz带宽的三阶高斯滤波器后,RZ-SDPSK码接收性能较优,并且三阶高斯带通滤波器(DBPF)的带宽值必须大于100 GHz,才能有效地恢复信号时钟。     

40Gb/s DWDM系统不同码型传输性能的比较

采用Optisystem软件,对比分析了非归零码(NRZ)、归零码(RZ)、载波抑制归零码(CS-RZ)和载波抑制归零差分相移键控码(CSRZ-DPSK)四种码型在8×40Gb/s DWDM系统的传输性能。结果表明,CSRZ-DPSK码抗色度色散和PMD性能最优,CS-RZ码的OSNR容限最低。当入纤光功率适中、色散和色散斜率同时补偿时,CSRZ-DPSK码和CS-RZ码的最大传输距离超过2700km。     

40Gb/s光通信系统不同码型传输性能分析

使用Optisystem仿真工具,对非归零(NRZ)、归零(RZ)、载波抑制归零(CS-RZ)和归零差分移相键控(RZ-DPSK)四种码型在40Gb/s单信道传输系统中的灵敏度、非线性效应和色散容忍度进行比较,并对标准单模光纤(G.652)中四种码型的单信道40Gb/s长距离传输进行了仿真,结果表明:CS-RZ具有更优的灵敏度和抗噪声能力,RZ-DPSK码具有更优的非线性容忍度.在较低入纤功率条件下,G.652光纤作为传输介质,CS-RZ系统的传输性能最优.     

四种级联差分相位调制码的100 Gbit/s传输

在级联相位调制的100 Gbit/s光信号传输系统中,对差分相移键控非归零码(NRZ-DPSK)、差分相移键控归零码(RZ-DPSK)、差分四相相移键控非归零码(NRZ-DQPSK)和差分四相相移键控归零码(RZ-DQPSK)进行了比较研究.当四种信号通过90 km的标准单模光纤(SMF)和16 km的色散补偿光纤(DCF)传输后,在满足相同入纤功率的条件下,NRZ-DQPSK信号具有最高的色散容限;如果仪仪考虑一阶偏振模色散(PMD),RZ-DQPSK信号具有最优的抗偏振模色散特性;当入纤功率在O～10 dBm的范围内凋节时,RZ-DPSK信号具有最好的非线性容忍度;最后比较了四种相位调制码型传输后通过不同带宽的三阶高斯滤波器后的接收性能,得出滤波器带宽值大于125 GHz后,NRZ-DPSK信号的接收性能最佳.     

40Gb/s光DQPSK传输系统性能分析

介绍了光差分正交相移键控(DQPSK)的调制和解调方式,对非归零码(NRZ),归零码(RZ)和载波抑制归零码(CSRZ)进行调制,研究40Gb/s高速传输系统中不同类型的光信号.使用色散补偿方式进行200km的模拟仿真,比较不同码型的传输特性.分析表明CS-RZ-DQPSK调制格式,具有更强的抗色散和偏振模色散能力,在较宽的入纤功率范围内取得最小的眼图张开代价.     

偏振模色散所致光纤链路传输损伤分析

为了研究偏振模色散所致光纤链路传输损伤,采用基于耦合非线性薛定谔方程的分步傅里叶法数值分析了1阶和2阶偏振模色散对光纤链路中非归零码、归零码及啁啾归零码脉冲信号的影响。结果表明,偏振模色散造成光纤链路性能的严重恶化,成为限制其性能的最主要因素之一。而且随着工作速度的提高,高阶偏振模色散的影响更大;采用合适的码型能在一定程度上减轻偏振模色散的影响,其中啁啾归零码略优于归零码,而归零码优于非归零码。     

级联PSA非零色散位移光纤通信系统传输性能的研究

本文通过计算机系统仿真研究了以相敏光放大器（PSA）作为中继光放大器的非零色散位移光纤通信系统的传输性能,分析了PSA系统的码间干扰（ISI）限制距离与信号速率、光纤色散、放大器间距和放大器平均输出信号功率的关系,以及PSA中泵浦光和信号光之间的相位漂移和信号脉冲波形对级联PSA光传输系统传输性能的影响。     

Novel modulation and detection for bandwidth-reduced RZ formats using duobinary-mode splitting in wideband PSK/ASK conversion

This paper proposes a novel duobinary-mode-splitting scheme that uses wideband phase-shift-keying (PSK)/amplitude-shift-keying (ASK) conversion for modulation and detection of bandwidth-reduced return-to-zero (RZ) modulation formats. We have first demonstrated that the proposed scheme greatly simplifies the modulation process of the duobinary carrier-suppressed RZ format (DCS-RZ) based on baseband binary nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) modulation. We also proposed carrier-suppressed RZ differential-phase-shift-keying format (CS-RZ DPSK) as a novel bandwidth-reduced RZ format by applying the proposed scheme in the detection process. These novel RZ formats are shown to be very useful for dense wavelength-division multiplexed (DWDM) transport systems using high-speed channels, over 40 Gb/s, with spectrum efficiencies higher than 0.4 b/s/Hz. We demonstrate that the proposed modulation and detection scheme greatly simplifies the DWDM transmitter and receiver configuration if the periodicity of the optical PSK/ASK conversion filter equals the WDM channel spacing. The large tolerance of the formats against several fiber nonlinearities and their wide dispersion tolerance characteristics are tested at the channel rate of 43 Gb/s with 100-GHz spacing. The novel CS-RZ DPSK format offers higher nonlinearity tolerance against cross-phase modulation than does the DCS-RZ format.     

高速光通信系统调制格式的仿真研究

使用光通信系统仿真软件,对非归零（NRZ）、归零（RZ）、载波抑制归零（CS-RZ）和归零差分移相键控（RZ-DPSK）四种调制格式信号在40Gb/s单信道传输系统中的非线性效应和色散容忍度进行比较,并对四种格式信号在G.652光纤中的长距离传输进行了仿真,结果表明：CS-RZ具有更优的抗噪声能力,RZ-DPSK格式具有更优的非线性容忍度。在噪声受限系统中,G.652光纤作为传输介质,CS-RZ格式的传输性能最优。     

Comparison between NRZ and RZ signal formats for in-line amplifiertransmission in the zero-dispersion regime

Nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) signal formats are experimentally and numerically compared for single-channel long-distance transmission in an in-line amplifier system with dispersion management providing average zero dispersion and local nonzero dispersion at an interval equal to the in-line amplifier spacing. Among a 20-ps RZ signal, a 40-ps RZ signal, and an NRZ signal transmitted in 10 Gb/s straight-line experiments, the last signal achieves the longest transmission distance of 6000 km while the others are limited to 4400 km. Numerical simulations explain these results well and show that, along with linear amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) accumulation, signal waveform distortion due to the combined effect of higher order group-velocity dispersion (GVD) and self-phase modulation (SPM) dominates the performance. Nonlinear optical noise enhancement is not obvious because of the fiber dispersion arrangement. Signals with large pulse widths are less affected by the combined effect, while small-width signals yield superior initial signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) as determined by optical noise. A detailed simulation indicates that a pulse width of about 60 ps is optimum for long distance transmission under the fiber dispersion arranged in this paper     

Numerical comparison between distributed and discrete amplificationin a point-to-point 40-Gb/s 40-WDM-Based transmission system with threedifferent modulation formats

We describe a detailed numerical investigation on the relative merits of gain flattened distributed Raman amplification (DRA) and discrete gain flattened amplifiers. We simulate a system with forty 40-Gb/s channels spaced at 100 GHz and compare the performance of three different modulation formats nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ), return-to-zero (RZ) and carrier-suppressed RZ (CS-RZ). Three types of amplifiers, multifrequency backward- and forward-pumped DRAs, and an idealized discrete gain flattened amplifier are examined for various signal powers and transmission distances. For the backward-pumped DRA, we also describe calculated tolerance limits imposed by incomplete dispersion slope compensation and polarization mode dispersion (PMD) level     

2500 km-10 Gbps RZ transmission system based on dispersion compensation CFBGs without electric regenerator

The characteristics of chirped fiber Bragg gratings (CFBGs) are optimized so that the ripple coefficient of the power reflectivity spectrum and group time delay are less than 1 dB and |± 15| ps, group delay is about 2600 ps/nm, polarization module dispersion is very small, PMD<2 ps, -3 dB bandwidth is about 0.35 nm, and insertion loss is about 4-5 dBm. Using dispersion compensation CFBG, a 2500 km-10 Gbps RZ optical signal transmission system on G.652 fiber was successfully demonstrated without an electric regenerator by optimizing dispersion management and loss management. The RZ optical signal was generated through a two-stage modulation method. At 2081 km, the power penalty of transmission is about 3 dB (conditions: RZ signal, BER = 10-12, PRBS = 1023 - 1); At 2560 km, the power penalty is about 5 dB. It is superior to the system using NRZ under the same conditions.     

不同调制码型的偏振模色散补偿研究

在40Gb/s的光纤通信系统中,用三段模拟器模拟光纤传输中的一阶与二阶偏振模色散(PMD),采用单偏振态的偏振度(DOP)作为多级PMD补偿器的反馈信号,对归零(RZ)码、非归零(NRZ)码、载波抑制归零(CSRZ)码和啁啾归零(CRZ)码分别进行四个自由度的一级、六个自由度的二级和十个自由度的三级PMD补偿器的补偿.仿真得到了四种码型的DOP与误码率(BER)的关系,同时补偿后的BER、DOP和PMD的变化关系表明,对RZ和NRZ码采用二级补偿器的效果比一级和三级补偿器要好得多,对CSRZ码和CRZ码采用单偏振态的DOP作为反馈信号进行PMD补偿的效果并不理想.     

Optimal 40 Gb/s modulation formats for spectrally efficient long-haul DWDM systems

Three modulation formats are compared by numerical simulation of highly dense (75-GHz-spaced for 40 Gb/s channel), long-haul (600-1800 km) wavelength division multiplexed systems with three fiber types. Nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) format, being the most spectrally compact and the simplest in transmitter and receiver configuration of the three, seems to be capable enough at shorter transmission distances than 1000 km regardless of fiber type. Carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (RZ) format, being the most tolerant to the self-phase modulation effect, showed better performance with fibers having larger chromatic dispersion. However, its transmission distance with low dispersion fibers is severely limited by the four-wave mixing effect. Bit-synchronous intensity modulated differential phase shift keying (IM-DPSK) format seems to be the best choice for a transmission distance beyond 1000 km because of its superior tolerance to optical noise and fiber nonlinear effects regardless of fiber types, despite slightly more complex transmitter and receiver configurations.     

Performance evaluation of prechirped RZ and CS-RZ formats inhigh-speed transmission systems with dispersion management

This paper describes the transmission performance of prechirped return-to-zero (RZ) and prechirped carrier-suppressed return-to-zero (CS-RZ) signals over a periodically dispersion-compensated transmission line. We analyze the transmission characteristics of both formats, taking account the transmitter configuration expected, in which pulse chirping is generated by using both a phase modulator and a linear dispersion compensating device. We also discuss the dependence of the transmission characteristics on phase modulation, pre- and postcompensating dispersion, and receiver optical and electrical filter widths. We show that, in single-channel transmission, phase modulation effectively reduces the intrachannel nonlinear interaction and improves the transmission performance. Next, we discuss the transmission characteristics of chirped RZ and chirped CS-RZ signals in dense wavelength division multiplexed (DWDM) signal transmission. In 100-GHz spaced 40-Gb/s-per-channel systems, it is shown that the phase modulation must be carefully optimized in order to minimize the linear crosstalk and waveform distortion induced by the intra- and interchannel nonlinear interaction in the transmission fiber