浅析海杂波抑制方法

海杂波是影响对海雷达工作性能的一个重要因素。检测和跟踪目标之前抑制海杂波是非常必要的。通过对海杂波和舰船目标的幅度特征、谱特征以及相关特征的分析，针对强海杂波环境下，目标检测的典型问题，从雷达工作模式、雷达信号处理两个方面探讨了抑制海杂波的几种途径。     

一种舰载雷达海杂波抑制方法

舰载雷达在探测海面目标时由于强海杂波环境的影响,降低了雷达对海面目标的检测和定位跟踪性能。为了有效抑制海杂波、凸显有用目标,文中对海杂波的概率密度分布、时间相关性和频率相关性等特性进行了分析,并提出了雷达系统设计、自适应CFAR、扫描圈间积累和频率捷变等几种抑制海杂波的方法。实录雷达数据处理结果表明,文中的方法能显著提高舰载雷达的海面目标检测能力。     

一种船用雷达的海杂波抑制算法

海杂波是经雷达发射信号照射后从海洋表面反向散射的回波,它的存在严重干扰了雷达对海面目标的检测和定位跟踪性能。现有的海杂波抑制方法中,在对海杂波进行抑制的同时,也会对近处目标信号幅度造成衰减,甚至导致漏检的发生。本文从图像处理角度,提出了一种海杂波的抑制算法,包括如下几个步骤：初始化参数和数据、参数估计、海杂波的抑制和估...     

一种新型岸基对海监视雷达海杂波抑制方法

本文结合一种新型岸基对海监视雷达战技术特点,分析海杂波分布情况以及海杂波抑制方法的应用。     

船舶导航雷达的海杂波自适应抑制算法

船舶导航雷达的海杂波抑制技术是提高海面目标检测性能的关键和难点技术,具有很高的军事和民用价值。文中基于数理统计理论,提出了多模型选择的海杂波自适应抑制方法,通过对雷达多次扫描的回波数据建立海杂波模型库,统计、估算各模型相应参数选择与雷达回波数据最佳匹配的模型,作抑制海杂波的对消处理。计算机仿真及实测数据处理,都验证该方法的有效性和可行性。     

X波段雷达对海探测试验与数据获取

针对雷达对海上目标探测技术研究的数据需求以及目前公开的雷达对海探测数据缺乏的问题,该文提出一项“雷达对海探测数据共享计划”,旨在利用X波段固态全相参雷达等多型雷达开展对海探测试验,获取不同海况、分辨率、擦地角条件下目标和海杂波数据,并同步获取海洋气象水文数据、目标位置与轨迹的真实数据,实现雷达实测数据的标准化、规范化管理,推进数据集公开共享,服务于海杂波特性研究,有力地支持海杂波抑制和目标检测技术研究。      

海杂波统计特性分析

分析了海杂波背景下的目标检测的困难,研究了后向散射系数在海杂波的各个散射区中的性质,列举分析了几种常用的海杂波后向散射系数理论模型,重点分析了海杂波幅度特性和海杂波相关特性,不但有助于设计和实现雷达滤波器,而且有助于提高抑制杂波的能力以及保证雷达应有的探测性能。     

海杂波背景下基于RBF神经网络的目标检测

对海杂波背景下雷达目标检测的最新研究表明,海杂波具有混沌的许多典型特征.本文利用海杂波具有混沌行为这一先验信息,构造了一个神经网络预测器来重构海杂波的内在动力学,并引入一种基于混沌的检测方法对Swerling I型目标和雷达采集的实际海杂波数据进行检测分析,同时讨论了嵌入延迟τ对检测性能的影响.实验结果表明,这种检测方法能有效地实现海杂波背景下的目标检测,并且其检测性能随τ的增大呈下降的趋势.     

采用改进型时频滤波的海杂波抑制方法

海洋环境下，海杂波具有明显的非平稳、非高斯特性，海杂波谱中心频率不固定、谱宽较宽，严重影响了雷达对海面目标的检测。传统的频域滤波器难以对复杂多变的海杂波进行有效抑制。本文通过分析海杂波的时频谱频率变化特征，定量计算各距离单元时频谱的中心频率平滑度，提出了采用基于时频谱能量分布的改进型时频滤波方法进行海杂波抑制。通过实测海杂波数据对杂波抑制效果进行分析，验证了该算法能够有效滤除海杂波信号和保护低速目标信号能量，提高目标信杂噪比，对提升雷达检测能力具有重要的作用。      

海杂波背景下的低空小目标检测

海面上低空小目标通常具有RCS（雷达散射截面）小、速度快的特点,并且容易湮没在海杂波背景中,很难被雷达系统检测到。文中首先分析了海杂波数据的统计特性;然后在此基础上,利用海杂波和目标在相关特性上的差异,提出了一种熵加权非相参积累方法,该方法能够抑制海杂波,并且积累目标能量;为了进一步降低检测门限,采用了TBD（检测前跟踪）技术。某S波段雷达搜索模式下低分辨实测数据的处理结果表明,熵加权非相参积累和TBD方法能够有效降低海杂波背景下低空小目标信号的最小可检测信杂比。     

A sea change for semiconductors

Skies were blue and trade winds were steady as the SS Semiconductor set sail in early 2001. The previous year's haul had set records, and forecasters were heralding yet another banner year. But powerful forces were to shake even this vessel's sturdy timbers. A low-pressure center caused by the bursting dot-com bubble and warm moist Y2K air from around the globe stirred up a storm so violent that it shredded the mainsail. Gales of corporate malfeasance from the southwest and typhoons of terrorism from the east swept wave after wave of stock-market volatility over the decks. While many of the crew were tossed overboard, cargo destined for distant ports sat idle in the holds. It was a long time before the winds grew calm enough for the crew to repair the battered boat and limp to port. But customers there, who had also been buffeted by the foul weather, were scarce. And the ship's officers were forced to sell their cargo at a fraction of its original value. Now, almost two years after the near-fatal voyage, forecasters are again predicting blue skies, and officers and crew are guardedly optimistic that good fortune awaits in the year ahead.     

A relaxation labeling technique for computing sea surfacevelocities from sea surface temperature

The paper applies a relaxation labeling technique to computing sea surface advective velocities from sequential satellite sea surface temperature (SST) images. The technique first identifies prominent feature points in a pair of time-lapsed SST images, and then estimates sea surface current velocities by establishing feature point correspondences between the two images. In the context of relaxation labelling operation the authors have constructed a compatibility coefficient expressing flow field spatial smoothness, or coherency, suitable for fluid motion. New results are reported and are compared to those obtained using two other methods: the geostrophic currents from in situ measurements and the maximum cross-correlation (MCC) method. The three kinds of velocities are shown to be consistent to one another     

A new model for sea clutter

First-order (small roughness amplitude) scattering theory is applied to obtain sea clutter cross sections in terms of mean-squared height spectrum of the sea surface. The results are in remarkably good agreement with observations for vertical polarization atP-, L-, C-, andX-bands. Modification of the calculation to take into account the larger scale structure of the sea surface yields reasonable agreement for horizontal polarization atP- andL-bands but is less successful for the cross-polarized and horizontal cross sections atC- andX-bands.     

A scattering model for snow-covered sea ice

The special properties of a robust radiative transfer model for scattering from layers of inhomogeneous rough-boundary slabs are presented. The model is applied to backscattering from saline and desalinated ice. Comparisons are made at single and multiple frequencies with some of the most complete sets of measurement data available, using measured physical and electrical characteristics of the ice as inputs to the model where possible. The results show close agreement. For example, for the saline ice backscatter data set, which consisted of measurements at two like and two cross polarizations at 5 and 13.9 GHz, the agreement with model predictions is within 2 dB except at 13.9-GHz cross polarization. Backscattering from >15-cm-thick saline ice is generally dominated by scattering from the top surface while backscattering from <8-cm-thick saline ice can be strongly influenced by returns from the ice/water interface, particularly at frequencies less than about 5 GHz     

海域综合敌我识别系统发展建议

分析了不同海域的目标构成特点,比较了协同、非协同识别和间接敌我识别手段的优劣势,结合国内外识别技术发展现状与趋势,提出了海域综合敌我识别系统的发展思路.     

An empirical bispectrum model for sea surface scattering

The properties of a surface bispectrum are found by generating a skewed surface on a digital computer and then evaluating its correlation function, bicoherence function, power spectrum, and bispectrum. The bispectrum is defined to be the Fourier transform of the bicoherence function. It is found that the surface bicoherence function and its first and second derivatives must all vanish at the origin. In general, the surface bispectrum is a complex function. Its real part is centrosymmetric, just like the surface spectrum, and its imaginary part is antisymmetric. A function with the above-stated properties is introduced to represent the imaginary part of the sea surface bispectrum. The unknown parameter in this function is calibrated using a data set from the FASINEX experiment. The sea surface backscattering model is based on an integral equation model which accounts for frequency, polarization, incident angle, azimuthal angle, and wind speed. It is found that the proposed bispectrum can be used to account for the up/down wind asymmetry     

A broadband antenna array for sea scatter measurements

A nonuniformly spaced array of 25 side-terminated vertical half rhombics is synthesized for the entire high-frequency band. The array is to be used for both transmitting and receiving, as a sky-wave Doppler radar for sea scatter measurements. The array has the capability for providing a maximum transmitting-receiving product gain in the order of 60 dB at low take-off angles, a product azimuth pattern with a nominal beamwidth of2deg, a40degsectoral coverage, a final product sidelobe level of -38 dB, and a grating-lobe level of -30 dB.     

高频雷达海杂波的多重分形建模方法研究

将多重分形理论引入高频雷达海杂波建模,提出了一种新的高频雷达海杂波的时域多重分形模型。对比分析了实测数据海杂波、分数布朗运动(FBM)模型和多重分形模型的质量指数函数和奇异指数,结果表明:该多重分形模型与实测数据具有相似的多重分形性。此外,通过对韦布尔分布、对数正态分布和瑞利分布三种最常用海杂波的概率密度函数的比较分析,并利用修正的柯尔莫哥洛夫-斯米尔洛夫(K-S)统计检验,得出了高频雷达海杂波的多重分形模型具有先验的统计特性的结论,从而进一步证明了该多重分形模型的合理性和有效性。     

天发地收一阶海杂波空时自适应抑制

天发地收高频雷达的双基地特征使其一阶海杂波具有空时耦合性,但在双基地角和电离层扰动的作用下一阶海杂波产生明显的多普勒展宽,会淹没慢速舰船目标。以一阶海杂波空时耦合性为基础,理论推导并验证了其空时分布,利用波束相关性选择空时自适应降维处理算法的局域大小,有效地抑制了展宽海杂波并检测到被淹没的目标。     

Analysis of sea spikes in radar sea clutter data

In this paper three sets of high-resolution, coherent, and polarimetric radar sea clutter data are analyzed and compared with radar sea clutter models. The nature of the data allows a thorough analysis of the power, polarization and velocity of the sea clutter. It is shown that these quantities, especially the velocity, are good measures of many physical properties of the ocean surface. Furthermore, it is shown that these physical properties match well with the sea clutter models. Sea clutter is found to consist of two components, a diffuse background, characterized by low values of backscattered power, HH/VV polarization ratio and Doppler velocity, and a number of spiking events, which possess higher power, polarization ratio and velocity. The background is reasonably well modeled by tilt-modulated Bragg scattering, whereas the spikes may be associated with the scattering on steepened and/or breaking waves. Moreover, it is shown that the influence of microbreakers has to be taken into account to explain the relatively high polarization ratio. A breaking wave origin for the spikes is supported in two ways. First, by a detailed analysis of the temporal behavior of individual spike backscatter properties, and second, by a statistical analysis of the entire population of spikes.