高稀释倍数碱性铜精抛液在Cu CMP中的应用

采用自制的不含常用的腐蚀抑制剂(BTA)碱性铜精抛液对铜和钽进行了化学机械抛光。研究了高稀释倍数(50倍)的精抛液对铜膜的静态腐蚀速率和抛光速率以及钽抛光速率的影响,并对65 nm技术节点的300 mm单层铜布线片进行了平坦化研究。结果表明,铜膜的静态腐蚀速率为1.5 nm/min,动态抛光速率为206.9 nm/min,阻挡层Ta/TaN抛光速率仅为0.4 nm/min,Cu/Ta选择比高。此精抛液能够有效去除残余铜,进一步过抛完全去除残余铜时,对阻挡层的去除速率趋于0,而沟槽里的铜布线去除量低,碟形坑和蚀坑大小满足实际平坦化要求。此精抛液可满足65 nm技术节点平坦化的要求。     

碱性抛光液中H_2O_2对铜布线CMP的影响

化学机械平坦化(CMP)过程中,抛光液的化学作用对平坦化效果起着不可替代的作用。介绍了碱性抛光液中氧化剂(H2O2)对铜布线CMP的作用:H2O2对铜的强氧化性可以将铜氧化为离子状态,然后在螯合剂的螯合作用下快速去除铜膜;H2O2对铜的钝化作用可以保护凹处铜膜不被快速去除,从而有效降低高低差。此外,还研究了碱性抛光液中不同H2O2浓度对铜的静态腐蚀速率、动态去除速率及铜布线平坦化结果的影响。研究表明:抛光液对铜的静态腐蚀速率随H2O2浓度的增大逐渐降低然后趋于饱和;铜的动态去除速率随H2O2浓度的增大而逐渐降低;抛光液的平坦化能力随H2O2浓度的增大逐渐增强再趋于稳定。     

新型碱性阻挡层抛光液对铜布线化学机械平坦化的评估研究

化学机械平坦化(CMP)是铜互连制备过程中唯一的全局平坦化技术。但是由于互连线铜与扩散阻挡层物理及化学性质上的差异,在阻挡层的化学机械平坦化过程中将加剧导致碟形坑的产生。目前,国际上抛光液以酸性为主,但是其存在固有的问题,如酸性气体挥发,腐蚀严重等。本论文研发出一种新型碱性阻挡层抛光液,与商用的阻挡层抛光液做对比,评估了其抛光性能。实验结果表明,新型碱性阻挡层抛光液抛光后表面状态好,粗糙度较低。另外,碟形坑及电阻测试结果表明,新型碱性阻挡层抛光后铜布线的表面形貌好,碟形坑小,能够应用于铜布线阻挡层的CMP中。     

一种含有盐酸胍的新型TSV抛光液

本文中,对一种新型的含有盐酸胍的TSV抛光液在CMP(化学机械平坦化)中的性能进行了研究,该TSV抛光液是一种碱性抛光液,并且不含任何抑制剂。在抛光过程中,盐酸胍作为一种有效的表面复合单元,相对于铜和介质的去除速率,钛的去除速率是可以通过调节选择性来控制的。在TSV生产过程中对于表面蝶形坑的修正及得到好的表面平整度是有利的。本文主要研究了抛光液成分的作用机理以及盐酸胍在TSV抛光液中的巧妙应用。     

氧化剂在TSV铜膜CMP中钝化机理北大核心

为实现TSV硅衬底表面铜去除速率的优化,对影响TSV铜去除速率的最主要因素抛光液组分(如磨料、螯合剂、活性剂和氧化剂)中的氧化剂进行分析。通过对不同体积分数的氧化剂电化学实验进行钝化机理的研究,从而得到最佳的氧化剂体积分数,再进行铜的静态腐蚀实验和抛光实验对铜的去除速率进行验证。实验结果表明,氧化剂体积分数为0.5%时铜具有较高的去除速率,能够满足工业需要。最后,对CMP过程机理和钝化机理进行分析,进一步验证了氧化剂在TSV铜化学机械平坦化中的作用。     

碱性抛光液对铜与钽CMP选择比的影响

在ULSI多层铜布线中,由于钽与铜在物理及化学性质上的差别导致这两者的CMP去除速率不同,从而在抛光结束后出现蝶形坑等缺陷,影响器件性能。通过实验分析碱性抛光液中磨料、螯合剂、氧化剂、pH值、活性剂对铜与钽CMP选择比的影响。根据铜与钽的CMP去除机理,从实验结果分析出对铜、钽去除速率影响较为明显的成分,调节这些成分得到特定配比的抛光液,分别实现了铜与钽的去除速率相等、铜的去除速率大于钽、铜的去除速率小于钽。使用上述铜去除速率小于钽的抛光液对12英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)图形片进行抛光,通过原子力显微镜观察,证明了这种抛光液能有效地修复多层布线CMP中的蝶形坑等缺陷。     

磨料粒径对多层Cu布线CMP的影响北大核心

阐述了碱性抛光液中磨料的质量传递作用对多层Cu布线化学机械抛光(CMP)过程中抛光速率和抛光后晶圆表面状态的影响,通过对比不同磨料粒径抛光液在3英寸(1英寸=2.54 cm)铜晶圆上的抛光实验结果,分析了不同磨料粒径抛光液的抛光速率以及抛光后晶圆的表面状态,选择了一种粒径为100 nm、质量分数为3%的磨料,粗抛(P1)的抛光速率达到650 nm/min,抛光后晶圆表面粗糙度由10.5 nm降至2.5 nm,大大提高了抛光后晶圆的表面状态以及平坦化效果,可对多层Cu布线CMP过程中磨料的选择提供一定的参考。     

ULSI制备中多层布线导体铜的抛光液与抛光技术的研究

提出了在碱性浆料中ULSI多层布线导体铜化学机械抛光的模型,对铜CMP所需达到的平面化、选择性、抛光速率控制、浆料的稳定及洁净度、抛光液成分的优化选择进行了实验研究。     

ULSI制备中多层布线导体铜的抛光液与抛光技术的研究

提出了在碱性浆料中 UL SI多层布线导体铜化学机械抛光的模型 ,对铜 CMP所需达到的平面化、选择性、抛光速率控制、浆料的稳定及洁净度、抛光液成分的优化选择进行了实验研究。     

ULSI多层互连中W-CMP速率研究

随着IC制造技术进入到亚深微米时代,化学机械抛光(CMP)工艺成为ULSI多层布线的关键技术之一。分析了W-CMP的机理,抛光液对W材料表面具有化学腐蚀和机械研磨的双重作用,对抛光速率有着重要的影响。在分析了抛光液中各组分的作用基础上,重点研究了专用的氧化剂、磨料、pH值调节剂和抛光液流量对CMP速率的影响,优化配制了高速率、高平整的碱性W抛光液。实验证明,抛光液流量为150mL/min,V(硅溶胶):V(水)=1:1,有机碱为5mL/L,活性剂为5mL/L,H2O2质量浓度为20mL/L时,能够获得较高的抛光速率,并实现了全局平坦化。最后对W-CMP中存在的问题和发展趋势进行了分析和展望。     

Alkaline barrier slurry applied in TSV chemical mechanical planarization

We have proposed a TSV （through-silicon-via） alkaline barrier slurry without any inhibitors for barrier CMP （chemical mechanical planarization） and investigated its CMP performance. The characteristics of removal rate and selectivity of Ti/SiO2/Cu were investigated under the same process conditions. The results obtained from 6.2 mm copper, titanium and silica show that copper has a low removal rate during barrier CMP by using this slurry, and Ti and SiO2 have high removal rate selectivity to Cu. Thus it may be helpful to modify the dishing. The TSV wafer results reveal that the alkaline barrier slurry has an obvious effect on surface topography correction, and can be applied in TSV barrier CME     

基于化学机械动力学的碱性铜抛光液平坦化机理研究

The planarization mechanism of alkaline copper slurry is studied in the chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) process from the perspective of chemical mechanical kinetics.Different from the international dominant acidic copper slurry,the copper slurry used in this research adopted the way of alkaline technology based on complexation. According to the passivation property of copper in alkaline conditions,the protection of copper film at the concave position on a copper pattern wafer surface can be achieved without the corrosion inhibitors such as benzotriazole(BTA),by which the problems caused by BTA can be avoided.Through the experiments and theories research,the chemical mechanical kinetics theory of copper removal in alkaline CMP conditions was proposed. Based on the chemical mechanical kinetics theory,the planarization mechanism of alkaline copper slurry was established. In alkaline CMP conditions,the complexation reaction between chelating agent and copper ions needs to break through the reaction barrier.The kinetic energy at the concave position should be lower than the complexation reaction barrier,which is the key to achieve planarization.     

新型GLSI弱碱性铜抛光液稳定性研究

随着极大规模集成电路(GLSI)技术节点逐渐降低至28 nm,多层铜布线化学机械抛光过程中弱碱性抛光液的稳定性成为人们研究的热点.以四乙基氢氧化铵作为pH调节剂,配制不同pH值的新型弱碱性抛光液,研究各组抛光液的pH值、粒径、Zeta电位以及铜去除速率、表面粗糙度和去除速率一致性随存放时间(0,12,24,36和48 h)的变化,并与KOH作为pH调节剂的抛光液进行了对比.结果表明,pH值、粒径、Zeta电位在存放时间内基本不变.pH值大于10时平坦化效果较差,pH值为9.0时,平坦化效果较好,0和48 h铜去除速率为530 nm/min和493.1 nm/min,抛光后铜表面粗糙度为0.718和0.855 nm,铜去除速率一致性为4.31％和4.54％,该抛光液加入双氧水后可以稳定存放48 h以上,可满足工业生产的要求.     

用于铜的化学机械抛光液的研究

文中介绍了一种以碱性抛光液对铜进行全局平面化的方法 ,讨论了以 Si O2 水溶胶为磨料的抛光液在Cu-CMP过程中的化学 (络合 )作用及反应机理 ,并给出了抛光液的配比及上机实验结果。结果表明 :该抛光液用于对带有阻挡层和介质层的铜抛光 ,达到了对铜层的高去除速率和高选择比 ,取得了较好的全局平面化效果     

A new weakly alkaline slurry for copper planarization at a reduced down pressure

This study reports a new weakly alkaline slurry for copper chemical mechanical planarization （CMP）, it can achieve a high planarization efficiency at a reduced down pressure of 1.0 psi. The slurry is studied through the polish rate, planarization, copper surface roughness and stability. The copper polishing experiment result shows that the polish rate can reach 10032 A/rain. From the multi-layers copper CMP test, a good result is obtained, that is a big step height （10870 A） that can be eliminated in just 35 s, and the copper root mean square surface roughness （sq） is very low （〈 1 rim）. Apart from this, compared with the alkaline slurry researched before, it has a good progress on stability of copper polishing rate, stable for 12 h at least. All the results presented here are relevant for further developments in the area of copper CMP.     

低磨料浓度的碱性铜抛光液平坦化性能的研究

A novel alkaline copper slurry that possesses a relatively high planarization performance is investigated under a low abrasive concentration.Based on the action mechanism of CMP,the feasibility of using one type of slurry in copper bulk elimination process and residual copper elimination process,with different process parameters,was analyzed.In addition,we investigated the regular change of abrasive concentration effect on copper and tantalum removal rate and within wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU) in CMP process.When the abrasive concentration is 3 wt%,in bulk elimination process,the copper removal rate achieves 6125 °/min,while WIWNU is 3.5%,simultaneously.In residual copper elimination process,the copper removal rate is approximately 2700°/min,while WIWNU is 2.8%.Nevertheless,the tantalum removal rate is 0 °/min,which indicates that barrier layer isn’t eliminated in residual copper elimination process.The planarization experimental results show that an excellent planarization performance is obtained with a relatively high copper removal rate in bulk elimination process.Meanwhile,after residual copper elimination process,the dishing value increased inconspicuously,in a controllable range,and the wafer surface roughness is only 0.326 nm(sq < 1 nm) after polishing.By comparison,the planarization performance and surface quality of alkaline slurry show almost no major differences with two kinds of commercial acid slurries after polishing.All experimental results are conducive to research and improvement of alkaline slurry in the future.     

磷酸和酒石酸在GSI阻挡层CMP抛光液中的应用

在阻挡层的化学机械平坦化(CMP)过程中,Cu与阻挡层去除速率的一致性是保证平坦化的关键问题之一。低k介质材料的引入要求阻挡层在低压力下用弱碱性抛光液进行CMP,这给抛光液对不同材料的选择性提出了新的挑战。研究了低压2 psi,(1 psi=6.89 kPa)CMP条件下,磷酸和酒石酸作为阻挡层抛光液pH调节剂对Cu和Ta的络合作用。实验结果表明,酒石酸对Cu和Ta有一定的络合作用,能够提高它们的去除速率;磷酸能提高Ta的去除速率,而对Cu的去除有抑制作用。最终在加入磷酸浓度为2×10-2mol/L,酒石酸浓度为1×10-2mol/L,H2O2体积分数为0.3%,pH=8.5时,Cu/Ta/SiO2介质的去除速率选择比达到了1∶1∶1,去除速率约为58 nm/min;同时,磷酸和酒石酸的加入能够有效改善Cu的表面状态。     

不同压力下螯合剂浓度在碱性Cu CMP中的影响

We propose the action mechanism of Cu chemical mechanical planarization(CMP) in an alkaline solution.Meanwhile,the effect of abrasive mass fraction on the copper removal rate and within wafer non-uniformity(WIWNU) have been researched.In addition,we have also investigated the synergistic effect between the applied pressure and the FA/O chelating agent on the copper removal rate and WIWNU in the CMP process.Based on the experimental results,we chose several concentrations of the FA/O chelating agent,which added in the slurry can obtain a relatively high removal rate and a low WIWNU after polishing,to investigate the planarization performance of the copper slurry under different applied pressure conditions.The results demonstrate that the copper removal rate can reach 6125 °/min when the abrasive concentration is 3 wt.%.From the planarization experimental results,we can see that the residual step height is 562 ° after excessive copper of the wafer surface is eliminated.It denotes that a good polishing result is acquired when the FA/O chelating agent concentration and applied pressure are fixed at 3 vol% and 1 psi,respectively.All the results set forth here are very valuable for the research and development of alkaline slurry.