多宝山铜矿KYF-130 m3浮选机 浮选性能分析

为了解多宝山铜矿选矿厂粗选作业KYF-130 m~3浮选机浮选行为及技术参数,对浮选机进行了充气量、矿浆气泡负载率、矿浆悬浮能力及泡沫流动特性测试。结果表明,KYF-130 m~3浮选机具有良好的充气性能,矿浆空气分散度较好,有用矿物富集效率高,浮选槽内矿浆无明显分层现象,浮选机矿浆悬浮能力较强,浮选泡沫流动特性好,各区域泡沫附着铜矿物的产率及金属分布率相近,精矿泡沫能顺利进入溢流堰得到回收,实现了有用矿物的早收与快收。     

680m~3浮选机工业化应用过程中的动力学性能测试与分析

680m~3浮选机投入生产试运行已一年有余,表现出卓越的设备稳定性和分选性。本文从浮选流体动力学角度出发,对680m~3浮选机在带矿运行过程中的充气性能、矿浆循环悬浮性能和气泡大小及其负载性能进行了测试分析。结果表明,680m~3浮选机充气量可以达到1.1m~3/(m~2·min)以上,能够满足一般硫化矿大气量的生产需求,空气分散度在7以上,平均气含率约7%;不同深度浮选槽内矿浆浓度和粒级分布较为均匀,无明显分层现象。气泡表面积通量可达39.20s-1,随着气泡的上浮,气泡负载呈现上升趋势,最高可达3.37g/L。优越的浮选流体动力学特性充分地保障了680m3浮选机良好的分选效果。     

320m3自吸气浮选机动力学性能研究和工程化

自吸气浮选机能够自吸空气,可以简化浮选系统的配置,是一种广泛应用的浮选机。相对于充气式浮选机,自吸气浮选机动力学性能参数与设备的结构和运转参数之间的关系更为复杂。本文通过清水动力学测试,研究了我国容积最大的320m3自吸气浮选机的关键性能参数,研究表明:叶轮浸没深度对浮选机的吸气量影响最大,转速次之;叶轮插入深度和转速对浮选机的循环量影响较大,而叶轮浸没深度对循环量影响较小;浮选机的空气分散度达到3以上,空气分散均匀。320m3自吸气浮选机在多宝山铜钼矿二期5.5万t/d项目实现了工程应用,测试结果表明槽内矿浆浓度分布均匀,悬浮能力好;气泡负载率超过了38g/L,矿化效果较好;取得了回收率90%的良好分选指标。     

160m^3充气机械搅拌式浮选机

浮选机是矿物加工过程中最重要的分选设备之一，浮选设备的大型化已成为国际潮流。国际上浮选机单槽容积达到200m^3，我国此前达到130m^3。北京矿冶研究总院所研制成功的浮选机单槽最大容积达到160m^3，是目前我国最大的浮选机。160m^3充气机械搅拌式浮选机槽体为圆筒形：槽体截面为圆形，矿浆分散均匀；每槽内设有2个圆形泡沫槽和1个泡沫锥，内泡沫槽兼有推泡作用，浮选泡沫溢流入泡沫溜槽内；     

大型贫锡硫化矿浮选机内流场特性的数值模拟

针对广西大厂贫锡多金属硫化矿的浮选特性,利用流体动力学软件FLUENT,对20m3大型贫锡硫化矿浮选机槽内矿浆在不同叶轮转速和充气压力下的湍流强度和含气量进行了仿真研究。研究结果表明,在浮选机叶轮转速为3.3r/s左右,充气压力1.6 MPa时,矿浆分层稳定,槽体内矿浆含气量达到28%。研究结果为20m3大型贫锡硫化矿浮选机的优化研究和工业推广应用起到了重要的指导作用。     

粗颗粒矿物在矿浆相中的悬浮特征

浮选过程中颗粒的悬浮是气泡与颗粒碰撞和黏附的基础条件。粗颗粒矿物由于尺寸较大,在矿浆相中的悬浮特征有别于常规粒级和细粒级矿物。为了分析粗颗粒在浮选机矿浆相中的悬浮影响因素,以层析度函数为分析手段,选取金矿、钛铁矿、黄铜矿三种浮选系统中的四种规格浮选机中的粗颗粒为研究对象,研究了三种矿物在单槽浮选机内、沿作业分布、随浮选机规格变化等情况下的悬浮特征。结果表明:在单体浮选机竖直截面内,粗颗粒矿物在叶轮上方悬浮效果比其它粒级差,随着高度的增加重量层析度迅速减小;沿作业分布的三台同规格浮选机内的粗颗粒矿物悬浮特征相近;而浮选机的规格大小对粗颗粒的悬浮特征影响不敏感,给矿粒级分布和矿物的比重对粗颗粒的悬浮特征影响强烈。在同一浮选机槽体,固相颗粒重量分布层析度与金属量分布层析度两者变化并不一致,粗颗粒分选环境尤其明显,这为粗颗粒浮选机的设计提供了新的思路。     

CLF浮选机对粗颗粒钛铁矿浮选工艺适应性研究

以来自加拿大魁北克的钛铁矿为矿样,在实验室开展了25 L CLF浮选机对粗颗粒钛铁矿浮选工艺适应性研究。矿样密度4.3,+300 mm粒级占76%。试验的目的是利用浮选方法在不进一步降低磨矿粒度的条件下将钛铁矿产品的硫品位降低至0.08%以下。因矿物密度大且粒度粗,技术难点在于保证矿浆悬浮。在不同矿浆浓度条件下进行了一次粗选、一次扫选浮选试验,在原矿硫品位0.35%左右,铁回收率约99%的条件下,最终钛铁矿产品中硫品位达到预计指标。与采用常规浮选机开展的试验相比,在浮选效果相当的条件下,CLF浮选机可将浮选浓度提高7%。     

钼粗扫选作业KYF-320浮选机浮选动力学研究

对洛阳栾川钼业集团股份有限公司选矿三公司粗扫选作业技术改造采用的KYF-320浮选机空气分散度、气含率、气泡负载率、悬浮能力等关键浮选动力学参数进行了测试。测试结果表明:浮选机空气分散度均在2以上,分散效果良好;单台浮选机气含率分布均匀,最大气含率达到16.0%,能够保证矿物颗粒与气泡间的碰撞概率;气泡负载率变化幅度较小,证实在矿化气泡上升过程中矿物颗粒无明显脱附显现;近泡沫层区域矿物颗粒有一定分层现象,有利于目的矿物和脉石分离,KYF-320浮选机浮选动力学特征能够满足该项目钼浮选工艺要求。     

混合铜冶炼渣浮选回收铜试验研究

粗选Ⅰ采用选择性强的捕收剂进行快速浮选,粗选Ⅱ采用捕收能力强的捕收剂进行分步浮选的工艺流程,对某冶炼混合炉渣进行了铜回收试验。结果表明,在磨矿细度为-45μm占85%给料下,以Z-200为粗选Ⅰ作业的捕收剂,快速浮选能直接获得含铜为27.57%、回收率为56.97%的铜精矿;以WP为粗选Ⅱ和扫选作业的捕收剂,并采用Na2S对矿浆进行硫化,调节p H为9.4,能获得含铜为17.32%、回收率为30.05%的铜精矿。混合后能获得含铜为22.89%,回收率为87.02%的最终铜精矿,同时渣选尾矿含铜降至0.23%。     

高灰难选煤泥浮选降灰试验研究

近年来,平煤集团入洗原煤中高灰难选的丁戊组煤比例越来越高,导致浮选精煤灰分超标、重介精煤"背灰"现象日益严重。以平顶山天宏选煤有限公司一矿区高灰难选煤泥为对象,研究了该煤泥的表观形貌、粒度、密度特征,在分步释放试验的基础上,考察了搅拌速度、矿浆浓度、药剂用量对浮选精煤灰分的影响,并探讨了一粗一精浮选工艺的降灰效果。结果表明:与浮选机粗选+精选相比,浮选机粗选+浮选柱精选流程灰分降低0.29%的同时,产率提高3.71%。     

Optimisation of air rate and froth depth in flotation using a CCRD factorial design – PGM case study

Air rate and froth depth are the most commonly adjusted levers in PGM flotation plants. The optimisation of these levers on each flotation cell has traditionally been done by varying either air rate at a fixed froth depth or vice versa. This approach does not consider the interaction relationship between air rate and froth depth and this effect on flotation performance.Factorial type experimental designs are best suited for investigating interaction effects between variables. This paper presents the use of a factorial type of experimental design being the (CCRD) Central Composite Rotatable Design for plant scale flotation optimisation of air and froth depth. The results obtained include three dimensional response surfaces and models of flotation response variables such as 4E PGM recovery and grade as a function of air rate and cell level. This paper illustrates the experimental methodology and discusses the results for normalised 4E PGM grade and recovery for a rougher cell treating a Platreef ore.These results indicate that interaction effects of air and froth depth are significant and are more pronounced at conditions of higher air and shallower froth depth. In addition, indices which are based on an optimisation objective such as grade multiplied by recovery and/or grade multiplied by recovery squared allows application of this technique as an optimisation tool. These indices can be used to determine an optimum operating range for air and level with the consideration of interaction effects.     

A review of turbulence measurement techniques for flotation

Flotation is one of the most important primary separation processes in the minerals industry. As far as the mechanism of flotation is concerned, turbulence is one of the key parameters determining flotation performance because it affects three main processes: suspension of particles, air dispersion and particle-bubble collision, attachment and detachment. To study turbulence in industrial flotation cells, both numerical simulation and experimental measurement can be performed. Development of turbulence models and validation of Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) numerical simulation need experimental data obtained from turbulence measurement techniques that can be used in the three phase abrasive opaque environment present in a flotation cell. In this paper, the different techniques which have been used to characterise turbulence in the literature are reviewed in terms of their basic principles, system structure, range of application and limitations. Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV), Constant Temperature Anemometer (CTA) and the Aeroprobe are all techniques that have been widely used to characterise the turbulence created in flotation machines operating with only fluid (or fluid and air). They cannot however be used when the concentration of solids is high as commonly occurs in a flotation machine. Techniques that have been identified that have the potential to be used to produce accurate measurements in three phase flows include Positron Emission Particle Tracking (PEPT), Piezoelectric Vibration Sensor (PVS) and Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT). It is envisaged that applications of PEPT in three phase flotation cells will mostly be confined to studies at the laboratory scale. ERT has been tested in flotation cells filled with water and air but needs more development before it can be applied confidently in industrial scale flotation units. PVS, on the other hand, has been validated at laboratory scale and has been applied successfully for measuring turbulence in large scale operating flotation machines.     

The hydrodynamics of an operating flash flotation cell

Key parameters for evaluating the hydrodynamic conditions within an operating flash flotation cell have been investigated. Profiles of the slurry at increasing depth within the cell have shown a strong trend of increasing slurry density (per cent solids) and coarseness (P₈₀), with a clear indication of segregation on the basis of particle specific gravity. Results of local gas dispersion measurements, taken with the Anglo-Platinum Bubble Sizer, show that bubble coalescence is occurring at shallower depths within the cell and there is a clear trend of decreasing gas velocity (J_g) with increasing depth at the axial location of measurement. Due to access restrictions gas dispersion measurements were taken close to the cell wall, but all data obtained falls well below the recommended minimum values for mechanically driven conventional flotation cells. However, the flash flotation environment is significantly different to a conventional cell, with higher per cent solids and a significantly coarser feed material, making this comparison qualitative (as unfortunately within the literature, there exists no other flash flotation data sets of this nature on which to base a comparison). The residence time distribution of solids indicates a significant amount of short-circuiting and/or internal recycle within the cell. Yet despite these findings, this cell contributes up to half of the pyrite recovery to the final concentrate at a very high grade.     

充气式浮选机在某钾盐矿的工业试验研究

针对某钾盐矿,进行了KYF型充气式浮选机的工业试验研究。采用2台KYF-50型充气式浮选机替代原流程中8台SF-8小型浮选机,同时进行了充气量、吸浆能力、运行功耗、矿浆悬浮能力的测定及液面的自动控制检测,最终获得精矿品位为26.69%,回收率为93.27%技术指标,达到了工业试验要求。试验结果表明,充气式浮选机可满足该钾盐浮选的工艺要求,为该钾盐矿的设备大型化提供了基础。设备大型化可减少浮选机数量,具有高效节能、液位系统配置合理的优点。     

The relationship between the peak in air recovery and flotation bank performance

Air recovery, or the fraction of air entering a cell that overflows the cell lip as unburst bubbles, is an important measure of froth stability as it affects the flow of bubble surface to the concentrate. An experimental campaign was carried out over the first four cells of the rougher bank at a South African platinum mine in order to find the relationship between froth stability and flotation performance as a function of air flowrate.The results showed that a peak in air recovery was observed as the air rate increased. Furthermore, this corresponded to the air flowrate at which the highest overall recovery was obtained. This can be explained by understanding the resulting changes in the structural features of the froth such as bubble loading and the flow of bubble surface and suggests that improved flotation performance can be achieved by operating a bank under conditions that result in a maximum in froth stability.     

On the collection of valuable minerals along rougher flotation banks

The collection of valuable minerals along rougher flotation banks was evaluated using top-of-froth measurements, which consist of sampling the froth surface. Considering non-selective froths observed in rougher flotation circuits, it was found the top-of-froth grades were similar to the bubble load grades, which allowed for a direct estimation of the collected mineral characteristics (size distribution, mineralogy, and grade). Thus, the flotation process evolution can be characterized by analyzing the collection of valuable minerals by true flotation instead of the classical mass balances approach, which strongly depends on the reliability of the tailings grade data. In addition, comparison among different valuable minerals was observed without significant sampling disturbances caused by solid entrainment.It is expected the top-of-froth measurement will be a useful tool for evaluating the effect of operating variables such as pulp conditioning, air flowrate and solids percentage on the true collection process along a flotation bank.     

SMMC型浮选柱处理红铁矿的效果

与传统浮选柱相比,东北工学院研制的静态混合磁力旋流(SMMC)型浮选柱,柱体高度较低,充气器结构简单、柱外安装、维修方便、充气量较大,气泡尺寸较小,改善了细粒回收,气浆柱外混合,提高了浮选效率。一台两米高的浮选柱对东鞍山难选矿石反浮选,获得产率40.8%、品位7.79%的废弃尾矿,粗精矿品位52.67%、回收率达90.7%。     

浮选柱气含率及其影响因素对煤泥分选的研究

利用压差法检测浮选柱气含率,通过正交设计和煤泥浮选实验,研究循环压力、进气量和起泡剂浓度对气含率的影响以及气含率对煤泥浮选效果的影响.结果表明,起泡剂浓度对气含率的影响最大,进气量次之,循环压力最小.在一定范围内,随着气含率的增大,精煤产率增大,精煤的灰分也随之增大,精煤质量下降.当气含率为24.17%时,精煤产率为87.35%,精煤灰分为10.02%.随着循环压力增大,精煤产率增大,但精煤灰分有所下降.分析指出气含率大小可作为调节浮选柱矿物分选指标的一个参考标准.     

基于高浓度煤泥水的柱式主再浮试验研究

分析了目前重介质选煤工艺下选煤厂入浮煤泥水浓度升高对浮选柱分选作业带来的不利影响,提出采用柱式主再浮工艺解决高浓度煤泥水浮选的思想,通过试验验证了柱式主再浮工艺的可行性。柱式主再浮工艺通过主浮保质、再浮保量可保证浮选效果,解决了浓度高煤泥水浮选效果差的问题。通过正交试验研究影响柱式主再浮工艺分选效果的工艺参数,对精煤产率的影响程度大小为主浮压力>再浮压力>浓度;对精煤灰分的影响程度大小为主浮压力>浓度>再浮压力;对浮选完善指标影响程度大小为主浮压力>再浮压力>浓度。