分散剂的分散效果与作用方式研究

研究了不同种类分散剂对微细粒石英,赤铁矿、磷灰石及其混合体的分散效果,探讨了分散剂的作用方式,研究结构显示。矿粒悬浮体中一定张聚或（和）互凝几乎不可避免,ＡＴ－８０２等分散剂对所的体系而言,分散效果顺序为ＳＨＰ〉ＰＡＴ－８０２〉ＳＳ;分散剂的作用方式的实质是分散剂在矿粒表面的吸附,增强矿粒间的双电层排斥作用、水化膜排扩作用,减小范德华吸收作用。     

N,N,N′,N′—四丁基己二酰胺在硝酸介质中萃取铀（Ⅳ）的机理研究

研究了Ｎ,Ｎ,Ｎ′,Ｎ′－四丁基己二酰胺（ＴＢＡＡ）从硝酸介质中萃取铀的机理。通过考察ＨＮＯ３浓度、ＵＯ２＾２＋浓度、ＴＢＡＡ浓度及温度对轴分配系数的影响,得出了萃合物的组成为ＵＯ２（ＮＯ３）２．ＴＢＡＡ,还对ＴＢＡＡ萃取ＨＮＯ３及铀的反萃取进行了研究,并计算出萃取反应的表观平衡常数及热力学函数,研究了饱和萃合物的ＩＲ光谱。     

用三辛胺浸渍的聚氨酯泡沫塑料从水溶液中回收铀

《Ａｎａｌｙｓｔ》１９９８年第１２３卷第１期刊登了ＹａｓｅｍｉｎＴ．等人用三辛胺（ＴＯＡ）浸渍的聚氨酯泡沫塑料从水溶液中回收铀的文章。作者对萃取条件和解脱进行了详细研究。最佳萃取条件为：水溶液中铀浓度为２５×１０－６；萃取溶液酸度为ｐＨ＝２；萃取溶液体积与ＴＯＡ浸渍的聚氨酯泡沫塑料的质量比为５００（ｍＬ／ｇ）；ＴＯＡ－环己烷溶液中ＴＯＡ浓度为１０％（Ｖ／Ｖ）；萃取时间为１ｈ；萃取温度为２３℃。在上述最佳条件下，铀的回收率为９０．０±３．０％。用（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４、Ｎａ２ＣＯ３、ＮＨ４Ｃｌ－ＨＣＩ…     

磁性材料用超纯铁精矿生产工艺研究

介绍了磁选方法预处理原料,制备适合于永磁铁氧体生产的合格超纯铁精矿。试验研究表明,在磨矿细度９８％－３７μｍ、磁场强度０．１Ｔ、分散剂用量３ｍｇ／Ｌ、有机高分子用量ω＝４×１０－６的最佳工艺条件下,生产出ＴＦｅ７１．８％、ＳｉＯ２＜０５％的超纯铁精矿;生产出合格的铁氧体永磁材料,其指标：Ｂｒ＝０．２１０５Ｔ,Ｈｃ＝１２９．８ｋＡ／ｍ,（Ｂ·Ｈ）ｍａｘ＝７．２ｋＪ／ｍ３。     

摩尔比n(SiO2)/n(Al2O3)对发泡地质聚合物物理性能和微观结构的影响

使用固硫灰（ＣＦＡＳ）、硅灰（ＳＦ）、水玻璃（ＷＧ）、ＮａＯＨ和Ｈ２Ｏ２ 制备发泡地质聚合物,用 硅灰来调节地质聚合物的摩尔比 ｎ（ＳｉＯ２）／ｎ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）,测试新拌浆体的发泡倍数、发泡速率。 对 硬化后浆体进行强度和表观密度等性能的测试,结合Ｉｍａｇｅ－ＰｒｏＰｌｕｓ软件分析孔径分布;通过Ｘ 射线衍射（ＸＲＤ）、傅里叶红外光谱（ＦＴＩＲ）、扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）等手段分析发泡地质聚合物的 微观结构。 结果表明:在试验条件下,摩尔比 ｎ（ＳｉＯ２）／ｎ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）的提高加速了水化反应速 率,适宜的摩尔比使得发泡时间提前;红外光谱波数的迁移表明,碱激发后 Ｓｉ—Ｏ 与 Ａｌ—Ｏ 键发生重排,合适的摩尔比对地质聚合物的重排反应是有利的,提高了聚合度;ＸＲＤ图谱显示有 沸石等产物生成;当摩尔比 ｎ（ＳｉＯ２）／ｎ（Ａｌ２Ｏ３）为２*７９ 时,试件２８ｄ 强度及表观密度分别为 １*０６ＭＰａ和２３１ｇ／Ｌ,此时试件微观结构具有良好的致密性。     

共沉淀法制备Sb_2O_3－Al（OH）_3复合阻燃剂

本文首次用共沉淀法获得了Ｓｂ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３的超细粉末、比表面达６９ｍ２／ｇ，换算粒径为０．０２３μｍ。粉末Ｓ－Ｒ的衍射结果表明，所制备的样品中Ｓｂ２Ｏ３以斜方晶型存在，Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３以无定型结构存在。研究了温度、洗涤方法、ｐＨ值等因素对比表面及产率的影响。     

共沉淀法制备Sb2O3—Al（OH）3复合阻燃剂

本文首次用共沉淀法获得了Ｓｂ２Ｏ３－Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３的超细粉末，比表面达６９ｍ＾２／ｇ，换算粒径为０．０２３μｍ。粉末Ｘ－Ｒ的衍射结果表明，所制备的样品中Ｓｂ２Ｏ３以斜方晶型存在，Ａｌ（ＯＨ）３以无定型结构存在。研究了温度、洗涤方法、ｐＨ值等因素对比表面及产率的影响。     

贝伊利卡赫尔多金属矿中稀土元素的冶金提取

在本次研究中，对位于土耳其贝伊利卡赫尔稀土矿的湿法冶金评价进行了试验考查。该稀土包含在氟碳铈矿物中，其富集度为１０．２％，矿石中的其它成份是ＣａＦ２（５２．５％）、ＢａＳＯ４（２５．４％）、ＣａＣＯ３（２．８％），还有少量的ＴｈＯ２、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、Ｆｅ２Ｏ３，ＭｎＯ以及ＳｉＯ２。氟碳矿物以萤石和重晶石颗粒间的胶结料或者与这些矿物紧密共生的形式存在。稀土元素（ＲＥＥ）在亚筛粒度（微粒级）得到明显富集。     

辉锑矿的活化与浮选特性

研究了用黄药作捕收剂时辉锑矿的浮选特性。辉锑矿的浮选可分为三个区：易浮区（ｐＨ≤５）、活化区（ｐＨ５～１０）和非浮选区（ｐＨ≥１０）。重金属离子对辉锑矿的活化作用为：ＨｇＣｌ＿２＞Ｐｂ（ＮＯ＿３）＿２＞ＣｕＳＯ＿４＞ＺｎＳＯ＿４＞ＦｅＳＯ＿４＞ＦｅＣｌ＿８。Ｐｂ￣（２＋）比Ｃｕ￣（２＋）在辉锑矿表面具有更好的吸附特性，用ＸＰＳ证明ＣｕＳＯ＿４活化辉锑矿的最终产物是Ｃｕ＿２Ｓ。     

煤巷锚杆支护设计专家决策支持系统

采用ＶＰ－ＥＸＰＥＲＴ和ＬＯＴＵＳ１－２－３分别构建专家系统（ＥＳ）和决策支持系统（ＤＳＳ）,并用ＤＯＳ批处理命令及ＶＰ ＢＣＡＬＬ将ＥＳ和ＤＳＳ连接建立成专家决策支持系统（ＥＤＳＳ）,可对煤巷锚杆支护设计进行咨询。     

粗颗粒矿物在矿浆相中的悬浮特征

浮选过程中颗粒的悬浮是气泡与颗粒碰撞和黏附的基础条件。粗颗粒矿物由于尺寸较大,在矿浆相中的悬浮特征有别于常规粒级和细粒级矿物。为了分析粗颗粒在浮选机矿浆相中的悬浮影响因素,以层析度函数为分析手段,选取金矿、钛铁矿、黄铜矿三种浮选系统中的四种规格浮选机中的粗颗粒为研究对象,研究了三种矿物在单槽浮选机内、沿作业分布、随浮选机规格变化等情况下的悬浮特征。结果表明:在单体浮选机竖直截面内,粗颗粒矿物在叶轮上方悬浮效果比其它粒级差,随着高度的增加重量层析度迅速减小;沿作业分布的三台同规格浮选机内的粗颗粒矿物悬浮特征相近;而浮选机的规格大小对粗颗粒的悬浮特征影响不敏感,给矿粒级分布和矿物的比重对粗颗粒的悬浮特征影响强烈。在同一浮选机槽体,固相颗粒重量分布层析度与金属量分布层析度两者变化并不一致,粗颗粒分选环境尤其明显,这为粗颗粒浮选机的设计提供了新的思路。     

煤层气洗井中不同粒径煤粉的分散剂优选实验

煤粉问题是煤层气排采中的重要问题之一。以韩城区块太原组11号煤的煤粉为研究对象,针对不同粒径的煤粉,采用5种不同类型阴离子分散剂,开展了煤粉分散剂优选实验研究。从分散特征、悬浮液浓度和黏度等方面探究分散剂对不同粒径煤粉和不同分散剂对相同粒径煤粉的分散稳定性的影响,优选出用于煤层气井洗井工艺的煤粉分散剂。结果表明,随煤粉粒径的增大,各分散剂对煤粉质量浓度的影响呈现不同的变化。随静置时间的增长,各分散剂悬浮液中煤粉质量浓度均呈不同程度的降低。煤粉粒径小于200μm,SDS分散剂最优;煤粉粒径为200~300μm,CMN分散剂最优。针对韩城区块煤粉特征,优选出SDS分散剂对煤粉分散效果最优,稳定性最好。     

Hydrotalcite Formation for Contaminant Removal from Ranger Mine Process Water

Process water from the Ranger Uranium Mine requires treatment to meet stringent environmental water quality criteria. The acidic water contains substantial SO₄, metals, and U. One novel treatment method under consideration is the use of Na-aluminate to both neutralise the process water and precipitate hydrotalcites. Hydrotalcites are a class of Mg–Al layered double hydroxide minerals with a typical endmember chemical composition: Mg₆Al₂(A)(OH)₁₆·n(H₂O), where A = CO₃ ²⁻, SO₄ ²⁻, etc. Many acidic wastewaters contain Mg and/or Al in sufficient abundance for hydrotalcite formation upon addition of alkali to achieve solution pH > 5, and Mg and/or Al to attain a Mg:Al ratio of 2 to 3:1. The utility of hydrotalcites lies in their ability to incorporate a range of cationic (Cu²⁺, UO₂ ²⁺), metalloid (AsO₄ ³⁻), and (oxy)anionic contaminants (CrO₄ ²⁻). The broad spectrum removal of contaminants, including U, also indicates that hydrotalcites and their derivatives could potentially be used as a containment material in nuclear waste repositories. In this study, Ranger process water derived from extraction of U from chloritic schist was treated with Na-aluminate sourced from Bayer process liquor, in combination with NaOH or Ca(OH)₂. Hydrotalcites formed as the primary mineral during process water neutralisation with the ability to simultaneously remove a suite of contaminants from solution.     

Improving fluorite flotation from ores by dispersion processing

In this work a heterocoagulation in fluorite ore slurry from a Mexican mine has been experimentally studied through measurements of granulometric analysis and scanning electronic microscope (SEM). The experimental results have shown that there was a strong heterocoagulation in the form of slime coating in the fluorite ore slurry at pH 9, which might be attributed to the electrical double layer attraction between particles of fluorite/quartz and calcite/quartz in aqueous solutions, and very weak electrical double layer repulsion between fluorite/calcite particles in aqueous solutions. Also, the elimination of the heterocoagulation has been investigated through using chemical dispersants, CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose) or water glass, in order to improve the beneficiation of the fluorite ore by froth flotation. It has been found that the dispersion processing with CMC as dispersant could effectively improve the fluorite flotation, increased the fluorite recovery from 72% to 78.5% at the same concentrate grade of 98% CaF₂.     

Recovery of phosphate ores in the modified three-product column (3PC) flotation cell

This work details the results obtained for the rougher flotation of phosphates in a modified flotation cell known as a three-product column (3PC), at both the laboratory and pilot plant scales. Results were compared to a conventional column cell-CCC. The 3PC cell separates the drained (rejected) particles from the froth zone (third product) and uses a secondary wash water system between the feed and the froth zone (II). Bench-scale studies measured the effect of the two water surface rates on mass and metallurgical recoveries and concentrate grades (P₂O₅, Fe₂O₃, and SiO₂) in all the flows. At pilot scale, the influence of wash water (J_W2) and column design on the flotation separation parameters was studied. Results showed that, compared with the conventional column cell (CCC), the 3PC yielded, in all cases, clean high-grade concentrates, with a minor concentration of impurities (Fe₂O₃ and SiO₂). Concentrate recoveries ranged from 40% to 70% for apatite and were lower when compared to CCC, but it is believed that the third product could be recycled to the fee. This drop-back product operating with J_W2 = 0.0 cm s⁻¹ might yield 5–10% extra in apatite recoveries and enhancing this J_W2 values, the apatite recovery decreased by 0.5–3% but rejection of impurities was very high. Results appear to show that the 3PC may be used as a rougher-flash or Cleaner unit with an optional recycle of the third product into the rougher or simply discarding it. Data on the influence of some cell design and gas dispersion parameters on process efficiency are reported, and the potential practical applications for this type of cell are envisaged.     

人造石墨-水分散体系的悬浮稳定性研究

为研究分散剂对人造石墨-水分散体系的悬浮稳定性和流变性的影响及其作用机理,以吸光度、粘度表征体系悬浮稳定性和体系流变性。通过Zeta电位、扫描电镜、红外光谱等方法研究了分散剂的影响机理。研究结果表明:无机分散剂三氧化二铝和硅酸铝可有效提高人造石墨的悬浮稳定性,改善其流变性;有机分散剂海藻酸钠有利于提高其悬浮稳定性,聚乙烯呲咯烷酮能明显改善体系流变性。     

Hydrogeochemistry,Elemental Flux,and Quality Assessment of Mine Water in the Pootkee-Balihari Mining Area,Jharia Coalfield,India

Ninety nine mine water discharge samples were collected and analyzed for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), major cations, anions, and trace metals in the Pootkee-Balihari coal mining area of the Jharia coalfield. The mines of the area annually discharge 34.80 × 10⁶ m³ of mine water and 39,099 t of solute loads. The pH of the analyzed mine waters ranged from 6.97 to 8.62. EC values ranged from 711 μS cm⁻¹ to 1862 μS cm⁻¹, and reflect variations in lithology, geochemical processes, and hydrological regimes in the mines. The cation and anion chemistry indicate the general ionic abundance as: Mg²⁺ > Ca²⁺ > Na⁺ > K⁺ and HCO₃ ⁻ > SO₄ ²⁻ > Cl⁻ > NO₃ ⁻ > F⁻, respectively. Elevated SO₄ ²⁻ concentrations in the Gopalichuck, Kendwadih, and Kachhi-Balihari mine waters are attributed to pyrite weathering. The water quality assessment indicated that TDS, hardness, Mg²⁺, and SO₄ ²⁻ are the major parameters of concern in the study area. Except for Fe, all of the measured metals in the mine water were well within the levels recommended for drinking water. With only a few exceptions, the mine water is of good to permissible quality and suitable for irrigation.     

Evaluation of solids suspension in a pilot-scale mechanical flotation cell: The critical impeller speed

This paper investigates solids suspension in a pilot-scale mechanical flotation cell in terms of the critical impeller speed, N_js. Understanding solids suspension has become increasingly important in recent years due to dramatic increases in flotation cell sizes but appears to be relatively poorly researched. The critical impeller speed is commonly used to indicate the effectiveness of solids suspension in stirred tanks, but has seldom been investigated in flotation cells. In this study, critical impeller speeds were visually determined and concentration profiles were measured through sample withdrawal in a 125 l Batequip (Bateman) pilot flotation cell. Two solids size fractions (75–106 and 150–250 μm) were tested, in ungassed and gassed conditions (J_G = 0, 1 cm/s) and at various impeller speeds (300–900 rpm). The effectiveness of solids suspension was quantified in three ways; (i) the extent of off-bottom solids suspension, (ii) the extent of axial solids distribution (suspension height) and, (iii) the variability of axial solids distribution. Consistent trends were found when these effectiveness criteria were considered against relative impeller speed, in terms of percentage of critical impeller speed, N/N_js. As per definition, off-bottom solids suspension was found to be complete at or above 100% of N_js, with significant sedimentation occurring as the impeller speed dropped below 60% of N_js. Suspension heights consistently reached a level equivalent to 90% of the tank diameter at the critical impeller speed, and dropped off significantly as N/N_js dropped below 60%. The relative standard deviation of the vertical solids distribution consistently reached a value of around 30% at N_js. The paper concludes that the critical impeller speed, as per stirred tanks, is an appropriate measure for describing and benchmarking the effectiveness of solids suspension in a mechanical flotation cell. The authors speculate that, when solids suspension is considered as a precondition to flotation, flotation cells should not be operated at specific ‘impeller speeds’ but rather at specific ‘percentages of critical impeller speed’ analogous to the ‘critical speed’ used in the operation of grinding mills.     

Extraction of lithium from micaceous waste from china clay production

The granites of South-West England are a potential source of lithium which is generally found within the mica mineral, zinnwaldite. It is mainly found in the central and western end of the St. Austell granite. When kaolin extraction occurs in these areas a mica-rich waste product is produced which is currently disposed of in tailings storage facilities. In this study a tailings sample containing 0.84% Li₂O was upgraded by a combination of froth flotation, using dodecylamine as the collector, and wet high intensity magnetic separation (WHIMS) to 2.07% Li₂O. The concentrate was then roasted with various additives, including limestone, gypsum and sodium sulphate, over a range of temperatures. The resulting products were then pulverised before being leached with water at 85 °C. Analysis of these products by XRD revealed that the water-soluble sulphates, KLiSO₄ and Li₂KNa(SO₄)₂, were produced under specific conditions. A maximum lithium extraction of approximately 84% was obtained using gypsum at 1050 °C. Sodium sulphate produced a superior lithium extraction of up to 97% at 850 °C. In all cases iron extraction was very low.Preliminary tests on the leach solution obtained by using sodium sulphate as an additive have shown that a Li₂CO₃ product with a purity of >90% could be produced by precipitation with sodium carbonate although more work is required to reach the industrial target of >99%.