钛铁矿浮选药剂及微波预处理改善其浮选指标的研究进展

我国钛资源钛品位低、性质复杂,浮选是富集钛铁矿最有效的方法。从捕收剂、活化剂、抑制剂角度综述了钛铁矿浮选药剂的研究进展。综述了钛铁矿表面性质与其可浮性的关系及微波表面预处理提高钛铁矿可浮性的研究进展。钛铁矿浮选时捕收剂主要通过化学吸附方式作用在矿物表面,捕收剂组合使用较单一捕收剂对钛铁矿的浮选指标好;在钛铁矿浮选抑制剂方面,铅离子活化的报道较多,铜离子活化、硫酸活化等也逐渐被报道;微波用于钛铁矿表面预处理,降低了捕收剂、抑制剂、活化剂等浮选药剂的消耗量,具有较好的运用前景。今后,钛铁矿浮选技术发展的主要方向仍然是开发新型、环保、低成本、高效的浮选药剂。     

钛铁矿浮选研究现状及进展

从浮选工艺和浮选药剂两方面介绍了近年来钛铁矿浮选研究现状及进展。单一浮选工艺处理钛铁矿应用较少,主要是与重选、电选或磁选等工艺联合进行选别,近年来还开发出自载体浮选、絮凝浮选和微波处理浮选等工艺。钛铁矿浮选常用脂肪酸类捕收剂、膦酸类捕收剂、苄基胂酸类捕收剂、羟肟酸和水杨羟肟酸类捕收剂等,近年来以结合了多种药剂优势、具有较好的选择性和良好选别效果的新型捕收剂也得到了广泛应用。     

钛铁矿浮选研究及生产实践进展

介绍了近年来国内钛铁矿浮选研究新进展及当前主要钛铁矿选厂工业生产实践情况。认为复合多官能团药剂以及混合用药的选择开发是钛铁矿高效组合捕收剂今后研究的重要方向;浮选新工艺的研究主要集中在以强化微细粒级钛铁矿浮选为主的载体浮选、团聚浮选、微泡浮选技术以及微波预处理等方面;浮选溶液化学及微细粒级浮选优化调控是目前工业生产及试验研究的重点方向之一,因此针对钛铁矿浮选复杂的溶液化学环境,开展了pH值,矿物表面金属离子溶出等的相关研究。工业生产设备大型化、流程简化以及扩能提产是当前国内钛铁矿选矿生产实践的主要趋势。     

微波辅助磨矿对煤岩组分解离的影响

在自制的微波搅拌球磨机中研究了微波与机械力联合作用对煤岩组分解离的影响,揭示了微波-机械力作用下丝炭和镜煤的破碎特征。通过浮选方法对煤岩组分解离效果进行了检验,探讨了球磨过程中微波辐射时间对煤岩组分浮选分离效果的影响。结果表明,微波辐射对丝炭的影响较镜煤显著,致使微波场中煤岩组分的破碎具有差异性和选择性;微波辐射时间为2 min时,浮选分离后镜质组和惰质组的富集率最高,分别由57.7%增至92.6%,37.6%增至57.7%。     

微波能在钛铁矿选矿中的应用

本文首次将微波能作为一种预处理技术用于钛铁矿的选矿。研究内容包括：微波能在磨矿、磁选和浮选中的应用．钛铁矿和磁铁矿在微波场中被选择性地介电加热至一相当高的温度，而与之共生的硅酸盐等脉石矿物不被迅速加热。这种微波射线对钛铁矿矿石中各矿物的选择性加热导致钛铁矿矿不内部产生强的应力，促进矿石内部矿物相之间的有价粒间裂隙的形成，从而提高了矿石的可磨度，增进了矿物的粒间解高，提高了钛铁矿的磁选分离效率．微波照射预处理同时加速了钛铁矿表面亚铁离子氧化成三份铁离子，加强了油酸根离子在其表面的吸附，从而大幅提高了钛铁矿的浮选回收率．     

钛铁矿浮选中的抑制剂研究

钛铁矿的浮选近年来受到极大关注,但对浮选药剂的研究多集中在捕收剂上,对抑制剂的研究相对较少。常用抑制剂有水玻璃、羧甲基纤维素和草酸等。本研究对比了多种抑制剂在钛铁矿浮选中对脉石的抑制效果以及对钛铁矿的分选性,并进行了系统的单矿物试验,最终证明对钛铁矿浮选而言,羧甲基纤维素是现有抑制剂中最为有效的,同时对羧甲基纤维素的抑制机理进行了探讨,认为竞争吸附很有可能是羧甲基纤维素在钛铁矿浮选中对脉石具有良好抑制效果的原因。     

响应曲面法优化钛铁矿微波辅助磨矿研究

采用微波辐射对攀枝花地区钛铁矿进行加热预处理,通过响应曲面法中模型的优化设计和分析,研究了微波辐射过程中微波功率、处理时间以及物料量对后续选矿过程中磁选精矿产率的影响,并通过方差分析(ANOVA)研究了各个试验因子或交互作用对磁选精矿产率的影响。得到试验优化工艺条件为:微波功率3 000 W,处理时间29.08 s,物料量42.23 g,后续选矿过程中磁选精矿产率达到71.76%,利用微波辅助磨矿提高攀西地区难处理钛铁矿的磁选精矿产率是可行的。     

乳化煤油对钛铁矿浮选的辅助捕收效果

以乳化煤油作为辅助捕收剂对某辉长岩型钛铁矿进行了浮选试验研究, 探索了H₂SO₄用量、MOH用量、乳化煤油用量对钛铁矿浮选分离效果的影响, 并进行了浮选闭路试验。以乳化煤油作为钛铁矿浮选的辅助捕收剂, 通过一粗两扫四精闭路浮选流程, 获得了TiO₂品位47.21%、回收率79.93%的钛精矿。乳化煤油对钛铁矿具有良好的辅助捕收效果, 可降低捕收剂MOH用量, 并显著提高精矿品位。     

国内钛铁矿浮选研究的现状与进展

介绍了近年来国内在钛铁矿浮选研究方面的进展，主要包括钛铁矿浮选药剂的研究状况及钛铁矿浮选工艺研究状况。结果表明，钛铁矿浮选以组合捕收剂的研究为主，联合流程选别钛铁矿将是钛铁矿选矿技术的发展方向。     

攀西钒钛磁铁矿粗、细粒钛铁矿混合浮选的可行性研究

攀西地区钒钛磁铁矿中的钛铁矿主要采用粗、细粒分级分选工艺,存在流程复杂及能耗较高的问题。本文首先对攀西某选厂粗、细粒钛铁矿性质进行了分析,其次开展了粗粒钛铁矿、细粒钛铁矿单一浮选试验及混合浮选试验研究。结果表明,粗、细粒钛铁矿混合浮选指标较好,工艺可行。本论文对简化钛浮选流程、降低生产成本和提升钛铁矿选矿水平提供了一定借鉴。     

Chemical and mineralogical composition of ilmenite: Effects on physical and surface properties

Some physical and chemical properties of three ilmenite samples: IL-F (purchased from the mineral dealership of A and F Krantz), IL-Q (Qara-aghaj deposit, Iran) and IL-K (Kahnuj deposit, Iran) were studied. The substitution of different amounts of Mg, Mn and V in the crystal structure of ilmenite was identified by microprobe analysis. Different amounts of hemoilmenite exsolution were observed inside all three ilmenite samples using SEM, electron microprobe and X-ray diffraction analysis. Using these analytical techniques, titanite phase was found inside the IL-K ilmenite. The XPS analysis indicated that the contents of Fe³⁺ are 5.66, 5.33 and 3.72% for IL-F, IL-Q and IL-K, respectively which are in good agreement with the amounts of hemoilmenite exsolution. Mg and V contents in the ilmenite crystal structure have a good negative correlation with lattice constants (LC), unit cell volume, crystallinity index, specific gravity and IEP, while the Mn content correlates positively with these parameters. The IEP determined as 4.2, 5.4 and 6.25 for IL-F, IL-Q and IL-K, respectively, has a negative correlation with Fe³⁺ ions and ilmenite floatability. In comparison with magnetic susceptibility, the electrical resistivity of ilmenite has a higher correlation with surface properties (IEP and floatability), lattice constants, and unit cell volume.     

Flotation behaviors of ilmenite,titanaugite, and forsterite using sodium oleate as the collector

The flotation behaviors of ilmenite, titanaugite, and forsterite using sodium oleate as the collector were investigated using microflotation experiments, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses and the artificially mixed minerals flotation experiments. The results of the microflotation experiments indicate that ilmenite exhibits good floatability when pH > 4.0. Titanaugite possesses a certain floatability at pH 4.0–6.0 and pH > 10.0, and forsterite possesses certain floatability at pH 5.0–7.0 and pH > 9.0. The results of FT-IR and XPS analyses indicate that sodium oleate mainly interacts with Fe, resulting in ilmenite flotation; that the Ca and Mg on the titanaugite surface chemically reacted with sodium oleate, and that the Mg on the forsterite surface chemically reacted with sodium oleate under acidic condition. However, sodium oleate mainly reacted with the Ca and Mg on the titanaugite surface, whereas sodium oleate mainly reacted with the Mg on the ilmenite and forsterite surfaces under alkaline conditions. The results of the artificially mixed minerals flotation experiment demonstrate that the concentrate of TiO₂ grade increases from 16.92% to 30.19% at pH 5.4, which represents the appropriate conditions for the flotation separation of ilmenite from titanaugite and forsterite under weak acidic conditions.     

微细粒钛铁矿浮选行为研究

重点研究了药剂种类、金属离子和矿物粒度对某微细粒钛铁矿浮选行为的影响,从而为解决-20μm微细粒钛铁矿的浮选分离研究提供理论指导,研究结果表明,油酸钠和十二烷基磺酸钠对-20μm钛铁矿有良好的捕收性能,以油酸钠为捕收剂浮选时,铜离子、铅离子和铁离子对钛铁矿有良好的活化作用。     

钛铁矿浮选过程中pH值的影响

pH值是影响矿物表面电性和药剂活性的重要因素。本文通过系统试验,详细研究了钛铁矿浮选过程中矿浆pH值对精矿品位和回收率的影响,发现4.5~5.5是钛铁矿浮选的最佳pH值区间。在此区间内,钛铁矿具有最佳的可浮性和选择性。根据浮选不同阶段对品位和回收率的不同要求,粗选和精选应分别选择5和4.5的pH值为宜。     

钛铁矿浮选药剂及其作用机理研究进展

原生钛铁矿石占有率高、品位低、嵌布复杂是我国钛铁矿资源的基本特征,采用传统的磁选工艺,钛铁矿回收率较低。相对于磁选工艺,浮选工艺在细粒物料回收方面具有显著的优越性,是微细粒钛铁矿回收的有效工艺。为了促进钛铁矿浮选工艺技术的进步,系统总结了钛铁矿浮选药剂的研究进展,综述了钛铁矿浮选药剂及其作用机理方面的研究成果。对研究与生产实践中常用的脂肪酸类、膦酸类、胂酸类、羟肟酸类等钛铁矿浮选捕收剂进行了逐一介绍;新型组合捕收剂结合了多种常规捕收剂的优点,是捕收剂开发与应用的重要研究方向;调整剂主要包括钛铁矿的活化剂和脉石矿物的抑制剂,这些药剂在脉石矿物与钛铁矿可浮性相当时,对浮选分离起着决定性的作用。结合现代测试分析方法,分析、综述了浮选药剂在矿物表面的作用方式,为钛铁矿的浮选提供了理论基础,为选矿工作者提供了技术参考。     

钛磁铁矿对钛铁矿浮选的影响

钛磁铁矿对钛铁矿的浮选会产生非常不利的影响。单矿物研究结果表明:钛磁铁矿具有比钛铁矿更好的可浮性,浮选中会优先进入精矿,影响精矿品位,并增加药剂消耗;钛磁铁矿易产生磁团聚现象,造成机械夹带,包裹脉石的钛磁铁矿磁团聚体进入浮选精矿中会降低精矿品位和回收率。钒钛磁铁矿选铁尾矿实际矿样的试验结果表明:不除铁直接浮选钛时,精矿TiO2品位为44.02%,回收率为44.38%;而先经弱磁选除去钛磁铁矿后,采用相同的浮选流程和药剂制度,浮选精矿的TiO2品位提高到47.40%,回收率提高到52.64%。     

微波场中钛铁矿的升温曲线及流态化浸出行为研究

研究了不同性状攀枝花钛铁矿在微波场中的升温特性, 并采用微波辐照加热和传统外加热方式分别进行了钛铁矿的盐酸流态化浸出行为研究。结果表明, 攀枝花钛铁矿在微波场中有较好的升温特性, 钛铁矿的粒度和预处理工艺对其微波吸收能力有影响。对不同性状攀枝花钛铁矿的盐酸常压流态化浸出实验表明, 微波酸浸能加快细粒级钛铁矿的浸出速度, 对粗粒级钛铁矿的浸出速度则无改善。     

Technical note bench scale flotation of a brazilian monazite ore

Preliminary studies of the floatability characteristics of monazite, zircon and rutile, performed in a modified Hallimond tube, initiated a bench scale investigation of the flotation of a Brazilian monazite ore from Sao Goncalo do Sapucai, MG. The testwork was conducted with the utilisation of a commercial hydroxamate and sodium oleate as collectors and sodium metasilicate as depressant. In all tests, the best collector/depressant ratio defined during the microflotation experiments was confirmed at bench scale. The results indicated that with both collectors it is possible to produce a high purity cleaner monazite concentrate (> 60% RE₂O₃). The concentrations of collector and depressant must be well defined to prevent a significant increase in the flotation of gamgue minerals such as ilmenite, zircon and rutile, causing contamination of the monazite concentrate.     

Modification of ilmenite surface properties by superficial dissolution method

Acid surface dissolution as a pretreatment method converts Fe²⁺ ions on the ilmenite surface to Fe³⁺ ions. XPS analysis showed that the content of Fe³⁺ increases from 48.5% to 59.8% after surface dissolution for 15 min in a solution of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 10%. This conversion, without any phase transformation, decreases the zeta potential of ilmenite in a wide pH range, resulting in a shift in IEP (Iso-Electric Point) from a pH of 5.4 to 2.3. FTIR spectra and zeta potential measurements showed that the increase of oleate ions adsorption on the ilmenite surface, resulting from the surface dissolution process, is insignificant. After surface dissolution, the formation of more ferric iron oleate species (Ksp = 10^−29.7) being more stable than ferrous iron oleate (Ksp = 10^−15.5) compounds yields an increase of ilmenite hydrophobicity and floatability in a wide pH range. Using 3.65 × 10⁻⁴ M sodium oleate at a pH of 6.3, the maximum flotation recoveries are obtained as 73.5% and 92% for non-treated and acid pretreated ilmenite, respectively.