不同分级循环加卸载模式下岩石能量 演化规律研究

为了深入分析循环加卸载过程中岩样能量演化规律,设计了3种不同的单轴循环加卸载试验,详细分析了不同分级循环加卸载模式下的总吸收能、弹性应变能、耗散能、塑性变形能等参数的演化特征及其相互关系,建立了耗散能与循环应力等级、循环加卸载次数变化的演化方程。结果表明:1)随着循环加卸载应力等级的提高,耗散能Use和塑性变形能Ue呈现非线性增加的趋势;2)岩样在第3种循环加卸载模式下,整体上耗散能Use和塑性变形能Ue表现出"U"形变化的规律,在第Ⅰ级和第Ⅱ级循环荷载下强化效应突出,而在第Ⅲ级和第Ⅳ级循环荷载下扰动效应突出;3)循环加卸载上限应力不变,下限应力减小时,循环荷载对岩样的损伤效应比其强化效应明显;4)循环加卸载作用下岩样的耗散能Use与循环荷载应力等级、循环次数相关,可以采用非线性曲面较好的拟合,这为采用耗散能Use来定量分析循环加卸载过程中岩样的损伤奠定了较好的基础。     

循环加卸载条件下花岗岩力学特性及疲劳损伤演化研究

为了研究岩石在循环加卸载下的力学特性及能量损伤演化规律,设计了5种花岗岩三轴循环加卸载试验。基于试验结果,详细分析了不同围压的循环加卸载模式下的总能量、弹性应变能和耗散能的演化特征及相互关系,建立了岩石损伤耗散能与循环加载次数及围压的耦合演化方程。结果表明:(1)当载荷小于峰值应力时,加载阶段的弹性模量小于卸载阶段的弹性模量;(2)峰值应力前,载荷所产生的能量主要表现为弹性应变能,而峰值应力后,载荷所产生的能量主要表现为耗散能;(3)随着围压的增加,岩石弹性应变能及耗散能增加;(4)循环加卸载作用下,岩石的耗散能与围压及加卸载循环次数有明显相关性,可以用非线性曲面进行拟合,可为定量分析循环加卸载过程中岩石损伤提供参考。     

纳米晶铁单向拉伸变形的分子动力学模拟

应用分子动力学方法模拟纳米晶铁在单向拉伸载荷作用下的力学性能与微观结构演化过程.结果表明,平均晶粒尺寸在2.82～8.47nm范围内,纳米晶铁的弹性模量和试样的相对密度呈线性关系,抗拉强度随晶粒尺寸的减小而减小,显示出反常的Hall-Pethch效应.纳米晶铁试样在塑性变形过程中,出现了晶粒旋转、晶界运动、晶界滑移和位错运动,在局部区域出现了从bcc到五fcc和hcp结构的应力诱导相变,这与纳米晶fcc金属不同.     

循环荷载模式下砂岩的力学特性及能量演化研究

基于循环加卸载试验结果,分析砂岩的应力-应变曲线特征、变形特征以及声发射能量特征,结果表明:砂岩循环加卸载曲线形成尖状滞回环,滞回环不断向后迁移;加卸载循环下砂岩峰值强度较单轴压缩降低,且与循环应力呈负相关;根据砂岩循环加卸载过程中残余应变数据,得到累计残余应变差与循环次数的变化规律;探究加卸载阶段弹性模量特征,得到卸载阶段弹性模量始终比加载阶段大,弹性模量值与循环应力呈正相关;循环加卸载下声发射能量变化呈现规律性,分析能量变化情况,得到破坏各阶段的能量释放特征。     

循环载荷下煤样力学特性和损伤演化规律试验研究

为探索循环应力下煤样的力学特征和损伤演化规律,利用TAW-2000压力机和SH-Ⅱ声发射系统对煤样进行循环载荷试验。结果表明:随着循环峰值应力的增加,循环峰值轴向应变、径向应变和塑性变形均呈线性增长。煤样破碎成多个块体且形状各异。随着循环应力的增大,曲线出现明显的迁移效应。随着循环峰值应力增大,体应变不断增长且呈现离散-密集-离散的特征。通过弹性模量大幅度变化和达到峰值可以一次和二次预判煤样的破断;通过泊松比波动和稳定增长可以一次和二次预判煤样的破断。随着循环应力的增大,声发射计数在不断增大。第7次循环后声发射计数增长较快,煤样进入明显的塑性阶段。循环加卸载前期损伤程度较低,呈现缓慢增长的趋势,当达到塑性分界点时,损伤变量呈现台阶式增长。加载阶段声发射能量增长趋势为先缓慢后快速再极速,卸载阶段声发射能量增长较缓慢且平稳,通过声发射能量的异常增长也可预判煤样即将失稳破坏。加卸载响应比分为典型的4个阶段,整体呈现"U"型变化。     

轴压和循环冲击次数对砂岩动态力学特性的影响

利用岩石动静组合加载SHPB试验装置,研究不同轴压的岩石在循环冲击过程中动态强度和变形特性。首先,对具有不同轴压的岩石进行循环冲击;进而考察了在循环冲击过程中岩石的典型动态应力-应变曲线;最后,研究轴压和循环冲击次数对岩石动态强度和变形特性的影响。研究结果表明：随着循环冲击次数的增加,加载段和第2卸载段的变形模量、峰值应力、恢复的应变与峰值应变之比和恢复的应力与临界卸载应力之比值逐渐降低;平均应变率、峰值应变、第1卸载段的变形模量以及单位体积吸收能逐渐增大。当轴压为其单轴抗压强度的22%,51%和65%时,岩石对外部冲击载荷的抵抗能力与冲击次数间的关系整体上呈现“平缓发展-急剧下降”,当轴压为0或为其单轴抗压强度的87%时,岩石抵抗冲击的能力随冲击次数的增加基本呈现匀速降低的趋势。当轴压为其单轴抗压强度的22%时,抵抗外部循环冲击载荷的能力最高。     

钢丝绳拉伸状态下弹塑性仿真和试验研究

研究了1×19型钢丝绳在拉伸载荷作用下的力学特性,重点研究了轴向载荷超出弹性极限时的弹塑特性。首先建立了1×19型钢丝绳有限元分析模型,研究了其在弹性和弹塑性状态下的应力和应变特性。而后进行钢丝绳拉伸试验,测定了其名义应变-应力曲线和塑性变形特点,阐明了负载在钢丝之间的分布特点。将数值模拟分析结果和试验结果进行对比分析,验证了模型的正确性。     

西部弱胶结砂岩循环载荷作用下塑性应变能变化规律

通过不同应力路径下的三轴循环加卸载实验,对中国西部矿区中不同粒径弱胶结砂岩的塑性应变能和塑性变形变化规律进行了研究。实验结果表明,加载路径对砂岩的塑性应变能及塑性变形特征有显著影响;在加载过程中,粗砂,中砂,细砂储存的塑性应变能以及累计速度依次递减,并且塑性应变能随应力增大按指数规律变化;各加卸载周期内储存的塑性应变能随加卸载次数及应力的增大呈“U”字形变化,即初始阶段由于孔隙裂隙压密,会储存较多塑性应变能;弹性阶段变形源于晶格弹性压缩,卸载时可以恢复,储存的塑性应变能较少;屈服阶段由于破裂面滑移也会储存较多塑性应变能;轴向和径向残余应变随应力增大呈指数形式增长,并且径向残余应变增长速度大于轴向;残余应变与塑性应变能变化规律不同,塑性应变能更能真实反映岩石在受载过程中的状态变化。     

LD5铝合金超塑性变形的力学特征

研究LD5棒材超塑性变形工艺参数与力学性能的关系。结果表明,LD5铝合金棒材经过495℃×3h固溶、390℃×4.5h过时效+360℃自由镦拔的预处理后,当超塑性变形温度为455℃时,拉伸最佳的变形速率为3.35×10-3mm/s,最高伸长率为475%,相应的流动应力为17MPa。当超塑性变形温度为460℃时压缩最佳的变形速率为2×10-2mm/s,最大伸长率为598%,相应流动应力为21MPa。预处理方法是提高LD5铝合金塑性、降低变形抗力的高效、低成本方法。     

循环载荷作用下混凝土预制裂纹断裂特性试验研究

以改造废弃巷道作为压缩空气储能系统,研究改造后巷道混凝土衬砌在循环拉应力作用下的稳定性。利用MTS-816岩石伺服试验系统对预制切口混凝土梁在循环载荷作用下的断裂特征进行了研究。首先,进行了单调加载条件下的三点弯曲试验,获得平均破坏载荷和平均断裂韧度。然后,进行了循环载荷试验,并计算断裂韧度。研究表明:当上限载荷比为0.8,循环载荷作用下的峰值COD(裂纹开口位移)变化可分为减速扩展阶段、等速扩展阶段和加速扩展阶段;当上限载荷比小于0.8,循环载荷作用下的峰值COD经过减速扩展阶段和等速扩展阶段的发展后,进入停滞扩展阶段,COD不再增加,裂纹不再扩展;混凝土断裂韧度的衰减与循环载荷的上限载荷有关,当上限载荷比从0.6提高至0.8时,断裂韧度衰率从0.8%增加至12.7%,断裂韧度衰减显著,反之则不超过0.8%,基本无衰减。     

China rare earth market review

正November 1~10,2014Chinese rare earth market was still inactive.Demand for rare earth products was weak.Consumers took a wait-and-see attitude for lower price.As it was an off season for rare earth products,it was expected that prices of rare earth could continue turbulence at the bottom in short terms.Due to a sharp drop,demand for rare earth from downstream recovered.Affected by new energy vehicles,wind powder and energy-efficient appliances,production of rare earth permanent     

China rare earth market review

正August 1~10,2014 There was some good news in rare earth industry recently.Restructuring plans of rare earth groups led by Baotou IronSteel Group and Xiamen Tungsten Group respectively have been approved by MIIT.And rare earth storage policy,which had been expected for a very long time,has been launched officially.Pushed by the good news,rare earth price started to rebound since August 5.Price of didymium oxide and dysprosium oxide rose about 1% to 2%,averagely.About 10% of     

China rare earth market review

正July 1~10,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industry and slow transactions,rare earth market remained weak and price of rare earth products continued to decline.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,     

New energy vehicle:an opportunity for rare earth magnets

<正>Extracted from Securities Guide 1.Popularity of new energy vehicles—an irresistible market trend1.1 Progress of new energy vehicles Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said recently on a visit to Xi'an BYD Autos that new energy vehicles,especially new energy bus,can lessen environment and noise pollution.He encouraged the use of new     

注浆加固技术在十三矿-685 m进风大巷中的应用

针对煤矿开采深度不断向深部延伸,掘进巷道受深部高应力的影响越来越大,巷道围岩整体稳定性差,矿山压力显现越剧烈现象,一般锚网喷加锚索支护无法从根本上控制巷道的变形。总结了平煤股份十三矿-685 m进风大巷注浆加固技术,依据对巷道掘进之后变形监测数据的采集,对巷道变形机理进行分析研究,并对注浆时段进行了合理选择,在对巷道的注浆工艺进行了充分论证的基础上,对巷道进行了注浆。注浆后效果表明:巷道滞后注浆时间段的选择非常重要,巷道在恰当的时间内进行注浆加固施工,能有效控制巷道的变形,巷道注浆后变形量明显减小,岩体的稳定性明显增强,减少了巷道日常维修工作,降低了矿井的生产成本,保障了矿井的安全生产。     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel