沁水盆地深煤层注入CO_2提高煤层气采收率可行性分析

探讨CO2注入深煤层提高煤层气采收率可行性对于解放我国丰富深部煤层气资源具有积极意义。分析了沁水盆地不同深度条件下储层参数的变化规律,开展了CO2注入煤层增产效应的数值模拟研究。结果显示,煤储层参数随埋深呈非线性变化且各参数显著变化深度具有较好的对应性,存在500~600 m,950~1 150 m两个关键转折界限,据此将煤层划分为浅部、过渡、深部三带。随着埋深增加煤储层强非均质向均质转换,即所有参数在浅部较为离散而深部收敛。通过不同深度煤层的CO2注入生产效果模拟显示,注入CO2后煤层气采收率均得到不同幅度提高;注入CO2提高煤层气采收率效果由过渡带、浅部、深部逐步递减;注入时间越早和越长,提高采收率效果越显著;要实现深部煤层气采收率显著增加必须保证一定的CO2注入量;深部CO2封存优势显著。     

基于流-固-热耦合的深部煤层气抽采数值模拟

为了提高深部煤储层产气规律预测准确性、减小气井设计误差,分析了深部煤储层特征参数随埋深的变化规律,针对目前煤层气研究忽略了温度、地下水等因素问题,基于已建立的深部煤层气抽采流-固-热耦合模型,进行深部煤层气抽采数值模拟,分析不同地应力、初始渗透率、储层压力和温度等深部特征参数以及不同埋深条件下煤层气抽采的储层参数和产气演化规律。结果表明:渗透率变化为地应力增加、温度降低和煤层气解吸引起的煤基质收缩效应与储层压力降低引起的煤基质膨胀效应的综合竞争结果;随着煤层气和水被采出,储层温度降低和煤层气解吸占主导,储层渗透率升高;地应力对深部储层渗透率比例的变化起着主要作用,初始渗透率对产气速率起着控制作用;当煤层埋深小于临界埋深时,产气量随埋深逐渐增加,达到临界埋深后,产气量随埋深逐渐降低;低渗透率是制约埋深超千米的气井高产的关键。     

基于BP神经网络方法模拟深煤层物性临界深度

我国深煤层煤层气的资源量巨大,但对其储层物性认识不够清楚,对深煤层气的深度界限划分也不明确。本次共选取了3套不同的关键参数系列进行了模拟研究。通过研究发现:沁水盆地中高煤阶煤层气,以力学为关键的储层物性临界深度为1 043 m,以储层物性为关键参数的临界深度为614~1 077 m,以产能为关键参数的临界深度为660~980 m。在此基础上,对3套不同的关键参数进行了归一化的曲线拟合,并划分了深煤层和浅煤层的深度界限。     

临兴深部煤层气含气性及开发地质模式分析

鄂尔多斯盆地东缘晋西挠褶带临兴中部地区煤层埋深大于1 000 m,达到了深部煤层气的研究范畴。基于实际生产资料,探讨区内深部煤层含气性,提炼了深煤层开发地质模式。研究认为:以含气量转折为深煤层临界深度的划分依据,则工区内深部煤层的临界深度在2 000 m左右;且深部中煤阶储层的吸附性对温度的敏感性要小于压力,中煤阶煤层的临界深度相对深于高煤阶;深部煤层气仍以吸附气为主,现有的等温吸附测试方法易造成深部煤层气含游离气比例换算较大的误区;深部煤层受温度影响,煤层临储比较高,受应力影响,储层物性较差,气井总体具有"见气快、排水降压难、产气量上升缓慢"的特点;研究区深部煤层气潜力巨大,现有气井经验显示,合理优化开发单元为深煤层单井突破的关键,A型"源-储"相通的富集开发地质模式是深煤层突破重点考虑的开发模式。     

深煤层煤层气开发有效途径展望

我国深煤层煤层气资源量巨大,埋深在1000～2000m的煤层气资源量占2000m以浅资源总量的61％。由于深煤层所具有的“高温、高地应力、高孔隙压力、低渗透率”特殊的地质条件和储层物性,与浅煤层相比,深煤层储层物性特征较差,目前我国煤层气开发主要集中在浅部,随着勘探工作的不断深入,对深部的勘探已大势所趋。但仍缺乏系统的研究成果;与浅煤层相比,特殊的地质条件使得适用于浅煤层煤层气的开发技术不能直接应用于深煤层煤层气开发。鉴于深煤层储层的独特特点,注CO2提高采收率增产技术、煤层气与煤系地层砂岩气共采技术将是提高深煤层煤层气井产气能力的有效途径。     

沁南-郑庄区块深部煤层气“临界深度”探讨

基于沁南—郑庄区块35层次煤层气井注入/压降及地应力实测数据,系统分析了郑庄区块地应力垂向变化规律,并在此基础上探讨了煤储层渗透性、含气性、气水产出垂向差异性演化,揭示了郑庄地区深部煤层气界限。郑庄区块地应力状态在垂向上发生转换:575 m以浅,σHσvσh,表现为大地动力场,现今地应力状态为压缩状态;575 m~675 m,水平主应力较浅部有所降低(σH≈σvσh),表现为准静水压力场,现今地应力状态为过渡状态(由压缩状态过渡为拉张状态);675~825 m以深,σvσHσh,表现为大地静力场型,现今地应力状态为拉张状态;825 m以深,σHσvσh,现今地应力状态为压缩状态。煤储层试井渗透率随埋深的变化与地应力场状态的转变基本一致,其实质是地应力作用下煤体孔隙结构的变形与破坏;含气量与埋深之间存在一个"临界深度"范围(800~1 000 m),超过此埋深范围之后煤层含气量随埋深增大而趋于降低。整体来说,825m以深煤层气资源处于地应力转换状态和(或)含气量"临界深度"之下,其赋存和开发地质条件发生转换,气体采收率相对较低,属于深部煤层气范畴。该埋深(825 m)以下煤层气开发将面临"低渗透率、低含气量、高地应力"的挑战。     

800m以深直井煤储层压裂特征分析

以沁水盆地800 m以深煤层气井为例,统计归纳了深部煤层地质特征,分析了与之对应的压裂难点;通过统计10口采用活性水压裂技术且产气效果显著提升的深煤层气井的压裂数据,总结了现有技术体系下深煤层直井压裂施工参数特征,分析了导致深部煤层气藏压裂施工中压力异常偏高的因素,提出了深部煤层气藏开发对策。结果表明:深部煤层气藏的高温、高压、高地应力的地质环境、较差的储层物性以及较强的非均质性等特征,使得现有压裂技术体系在适用性和有效性上面临严峻挑战;增产效果较好的深部煤层气直井,普遍采用大液量注入,同时控制砂比在15%左右;压裂时压力异常偏高是受到压裂液性能、地层微裂缝、储层岩性、钻井液污染及煤粉堵塞等因素的影响;未来应对深部煤层气藏的开发,除了要对活性水压裂技术进行优化,还有赖于压裂理论的发展和新型压裂材料的研制。     

潞安矿区3号煤煤层气储层物性综合评价

基于潞安矿区主力煤层3号煤煤田勘探资料及煤层气试井资料,综合评价了其储层物性。研究显示:潞安矿区3号煤储层煤层变质程度高,厚度大,厚度在4m左右,埋深适中,大部分埋深小于1000m;煤层含气量较高但含气饱和度低,平均含气量在10m3/t左右。储层压力梯度低为欠压储层,部分区域地下水环境较为封闭适宜煤层气保存,渗透性较差为低渗储层。与晋城矿区相比,在煤级变化基本相似的条件下,在煤层气含量及渗透性方面均处于劣势。因此对于地面煤层气开发来说,寻找圈定煤层气的富集高渗甜点区,是确保地面开发成功的必要条件。     

煤层气储层地应力场宏观分布规律统计分析

基于鄂东、沁南、黔西-滇东及准南地区232层次煤层气井原位地应力实测数据,参照Hoek-Brown分析方法,系统分析了煤层气储层宏观地应力分布规律,回归建立了不同应力参数随深度的变化曲线,研究结果表明:我国煤储层表现为中-高应力区,应力场类型呈非均匀分布,σ_Hσ_vσ_h型和σ_vσ_Hσ_h型为主(94%),σ_Hσ_hσ_v型较少见且集中在浅部;煤储层侧压系数k均小于Hoek-Brown平均值,且88%实测数据较国内平均线偏低;σ_H/σ_v和k值随埋深变化均可用双曲线形态表征,整体表现为"浅部离散,深部收敛";水平主应力差与埋深具有一定的线性正相关性,而σ_H/σ_h变化不大,主要集中在1.015~1.915,平均为1.47。研究结果可为深部煤储层应力状态的判断、岩体参数的选取提供参考。     

柿庄北深煤层含气量变化特征

以沁水盆地南部为研究背景,采集浅部与深部煤样,进行含气量测试,并利用压力-吸附曲线法预测了柿庄北深部煤层含气量。结果表明:沁水盆地南部煤层实测含气量随埋深的加大呈现先增大后减小的趋势,且15号煤层含气量高于3号煤层。对柿庄北深煤层含气量进行预测发现,含气量的峰值为900~1100m,预测含气量与实测含气量较为吻合。深部煤层在600~1100m存在一个过渡带,含气量发生变化。这与深部地层压力、温度及其所导致的煤储层物性的变化有重要关系。     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.     

China rare earth market review

正November 1~10,2014Chinese rare earth market was still inactive.Demand for rare earth products was weak.Consumers took a wait-and-see attitude for lower price.As it was an off season for rare earth products,it was expected that prices of rare earth could continue turbulence at the bottom in short terms.Due to a sharp drop,demand for rare earth from downstream recovered.Affected by new energy vehicles,wind powder and energy-efficient appliances,production of rare earth permanent     

China rare earth market review

正August 1~10,2014 There was some good news in rare earth industry recently.Restructuring plans of rare earth groups led by Baotou IronSteel Group and Xiamen Tungsten Group respectively have been approved by MIIT.And rare earth storage policy,which had been expected for a very long time,has been launched officially.Pushed by the good news,rare earth price started to rebound since August 5.Price of didymium oxide and dysprosium oxide rose about 1% to 2%,averagely.About 10% of     

China rare earth market review

正July 1~10,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industry and slow transactions,rare earth market remained weak and price of rare earth products continued to decline.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,     

New energy vehicle:an opportunity for rare earth magnets

<正>Extracted from Securities Guide 1.Popularity of new energy vehicles—an irresistible market trend1.1 Progress of new energy vehicles Chinese Premier Li Keqiang said recently on a visit to Xi'an BYD Autos that new energy vehicles,especially new energy bus,can lessen environment and noise pollution.He encouraged the use of new     

Brief news

正Corun invested another 50 million yuan in power battery for HEV Hunan Corun announced on 27 June that they had signed the cooperation agreement to jointly built Corun(Shaoxing)Autos Power Battery System Co.,Ltd.in Shaoxing Binhai New City.According to the announcement,total registered