共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 156 毫秒
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随着社会的发展,科学技术的不断提高,人们发现稀土金属在提高产品质量、增强产品性能等方面已表现出其独特的优势,但也存在稀土材料传统制备方法周期长、高端应用领域研究不够深入等问题。文中主要介绍了离子交换法、热分解法、水热/溶剂热法、共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法等制备稀土材料的最新进展,并着重介绍了稀土在永磁材料、发光材料、催化材料、储氢材料和高纯靶材等方面的高端应用。根据以上分析,革新稀土制备方法和挖掘新的稀土材料,使其在电子信息、汽车尾气净化、航空航天以及生理医疗等领域发挥更大的作用。最后,对提高稀土产品附加值、开发稀土新材料、优化稀土生产工艺及发展稀土高端应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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稀土精矿中含有大量的铈,因其具有特殊的发光、磁学和电学性质,在发光材料、稀土催化领域、无机颜料以及玻璃工业等行业有着广阔的应用前景;本文详细介绍了铈系列化合物在稀土中的应用概况;简述了氧化铈、铈铽氧化物、铈锆复合氧化物以及三硫化二铈等铈系列化合物的制备工艺;同时展望了铈系列产品在稀土新材料中的应用前景。稀土新材料是当今世界各国发展高新技术和国防尖端技术、改造传统产业不可缺的关键材料之一,"十二五"期间,我国将加快培育和发展战略性新兴产业,传统铈富集物及氧化铈的应用越来越受到局限,而研究开发和展望含铈系列稀土新产品十分有必要。 相似文献
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主要介绍了稀土资源的重要作用及利用现状,对我国的稀土矿分布及特征进行概述,并提出稀土开采存在的问题及微生物采矿的优势。回顾利用微生物进行稀土矿开采的发展进程,总结其研究进展,介绍微生物采矿作用机理的研究,主要包括微生物浸出、吸附和积累稀土元素机理的相关研究,以及稀土矿采矿微生物的分离方法及种属分布等。以中国白云鄂博矿床和澳大利亚Mount Weld矿床中的矿石为例,说明微生物对矿石中稀土元素的提取作用。简述微生物对废弃物中稀土元素的回收作用,及微生物利用稀土元素技术将面临的挑战,并对其未来进行了展望。 相似文献
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随着重稀土元素对铝、镁、铜、镍及钢铁等金属材料的功能化作用被广泛关注,使得作为战略性资源的重稀土元素在金属合金材料的应用领域拓展空间巨大.在此背景下,作为改性元素的重稀土金属及合金的市场需求必然猛增.由于重稀土单质自身的高熔点,混熔法、真空热还原法一直是生产制备重稀土金属及合金的主要方法,寻求一条低成本、高效、绿色的制备方法则至关重要.由于熔盐电化学还原法在生产低熔点轻稀土及合金工艺方面具有经济、高效等优势,近年来,通过熔盐电解方式直接制取低熔点的重稀土合金成为国内外学者研究的热点,从目前取得进展来看,具有广阔的发展前景.针对国内外重稀土金属及合金的熔盐电解法制取的研究现状进行了评述,从体系物理化学性质、电极过程机理、模拟计算等几个方面做了简要的总结和分析,以期对重稀土合金材料的制备研究提供有益的帮助. 相似文献
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稀土分析检测方法标准述评 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
从稀土矿、稀土精矿、稀土金属及其氧化物、稀土深加工产品等方面概述我国稀土分析国家标准体系.其中稀土配分、三氧化二铝、稀土总量、水分、灼减量等参数的检测,是稀土交易和萃取分离工艺过程中重要的技术指标;而钕铁硼、灯用稀土三基色荧光粉、稀土硅铁合金等分析标准,对于稀土磁性材料、稀土发光材料、稀土合金等稀土深加工产品的生产都有重要的指导意义;稀土产品及分析方法的建立,完善了稀土国家标准体系,满足了稀土生产和贸易的需要,促进了稀土行业持续健康发展. 相似文献
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N. KRISHNAMURTHY C. K. GUPTA 《Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review》2013,34(4-6):477-507
Fused salt electrolysis as applied to the production of reactive refractory metals is a useful process for rare earth metals preparation also. The relatively low melting point of some of the rare earth metals and many of their alloys is an advantage here. With great ingenuity, electrolytic cells have been designed and methods developed for the preparation of high melting rare earth metals also in consolidated forms, using oxide–fluoride electrolytes. Any process of rare earth metal preparation had to contend with the great reactivity of these metals not only with the atmospheric gases but also with a great variety of crucible materials as well. The development of electrolytic processes involving both the chloride medium as well as the oxide–fluoride compositions had to be guided by this factor. The search for solutions to circumvent the numerous challenges inherent in the electrolytic extraction of rare earth metals led to some interesting process development. One of them is the preparation of rare earth metals by a method involving a consumable cathode. In this an alloy is prepared first by electrolysis and the metal is then recovered by a simple non electrolytic route from the alloy. Using one or other of these three possibilities, all the rare earth metals, and many of their alloys, could be prepared by electrolytic methods. All these issues and possibilities are highlighted in this paper. 相似文献
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N. KRISHNAMURTHY C. K. GUPTA 《Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review》2013,34(2):477-507
Abstract Fused salt electrolysis as applied to the production of reactive refractory metals is u useful process for rare earth metals preparation also. The relatively low melting point of some of the rare earth metals and many of their alloys is an advantage here. With great ingenuity, electrolytic cells have been designed and methods developed for the preparation of high melting rare earth metals also in consolidated forms, using oxide - fluoride electrolytes. Any process of rare earth metal preparation had to contend with the great reactivity of these metals not only with the atmospheric gases but also with a great variety of crucible materials as well. The development of electrolytic processes involving both the chloride medium as well as the oxide-fluoride compositions had to be guided by this factor. The search for solutions to circumvent the numerous challenges inherent in the electrolytic extraction of rare earth metals led to some interesting process development. One of them is the preparation of rare earth metals by a method involving a consumable cathode. In this an alloy is prepared first by electrolysis and the metal is then recovered by a simple non electrolytic route from the alloy. Using one or other of these three possibilities, all the rare earth metals, and many of their alloys, could be prepared by electrolytic methods. All these issues and possibilities are highlighted in this paper. 相似文献
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ResearchandDevelopmentofRareEarthAdvancedMaterialsinChinaWangDianzuo(王淀佐),WanQun(万群),YangYuchun(杨遇春)(GeneralResearchInstitute... 相似文献
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稀土资源的开发应用水平已经成为衡量一个国家综合实力的重要标志.然而,稀土产业的发展在促进经济社会发展的同时,与之相伴的资源和环境问题也日益突出.稀土这个小产业,关系到国家安全的大战略.文中基于梳理大量最新信息的基础上,对我国稀土产业发展中资源储量、产量与出口量的不对称,价值与价格的不对称,产品结构与科技含量的不对称以及管制政策与管制效果的不对称现象进行了探析,首次提出了关于稀土发展不对称现象,中国人均稀土资源强度不富裕,稀土完整产业链,稀土产业四方博弈等概念和观点,为促进我国稀土产业持续健康发展的研究和实践提供了新的视角. 相似文献