400 MPa超级钢热连轧过程中再结晶及流变应力的预测

开发了描述低碳钢软化行为的再结晶模型，并对奥氏体再结晶动力学和微观组织演变进行了模拟计算。在此基础上建立了计算机精轧过程应力-应变模型，根据现场数据预测了400MPa级超级钢细晶化轧制的轧制力，预测结果与实验值吻合，这项研究可广泛用于钢种开发，轧制规程设定和优化以及轧制过程的在线控制。     

CSP连轧过程中低碳钢的组织变化规律

对珠钢CSP生产现场同一低碳钢轧件的铸坯及不同道次变形后室温组织的研究表明：铸坯组织由细晶区（急冷层）和树枝晶区组成，随轧制道次增加，变形后轧件的室温组织细化，沿铁素体晶界分布的珠光体变得均匀，弥散，连轧前铸坯表面和心部的组织差异随着轧制道次增加逐渐减小，珠钢成品板组织细化的原因可以归结为大压下连轧工艺，钢中大量弥散析出的氧化物，硫化物和终轧后的层流冷却。     

Austenite Recrystallization and Controlled Rolling of Low Carbon Steels

The dynamic recrystallization and static recrystallization in a low carbon steel were investigated through single-pass and double-pass experiments. The results indicate that as the deformation temperature increases and the strain rate decreases, the shape of the stress-strain curve is changed from dynamic recovery shape to dynamic recrystallization shape. The austenite could not recrystallize within a few seconds after deformation at temperature below 900 ℃. According to the change in microstructure during deformation, the controlled rolling of low carbon steel can be divided into four stages： dynamic recrystallization, dynamic recovery, strain-induced ferrite transformation, and rolling in two-phase region. According to the microstructure after deformation, the controlled rolling of low carbon steel can be divided into five regions： non-recrystallized austenite, partly-recrystallized austenite, fully-recrystallized austenite, austenite to ferrite transformation, and dual phase.     

L360管线钢热轧过程静态再结晶行为的研究

奥氏体再结晶行为是影响热轧钢带组织和力学性能的1个主要因素。在热模拟试验的基础上,采用应力松弛法和显微组织观察法,对含Nb和Ti的L360管线钢热轧过程奥氏体静态再结晶行为进行了研究,分析了应变、变形温度、应变速率、原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸对奥氏体静态再结晶的影响。利用线性回归分析,计算出试验钢静态再结晶激活能为203kJ;同时通过回归,得出试验钢热轧过程静态再结晶动力学方程。     

Modeling recrystallization kinetics,grain sizes,and textures during multipass hot rolling

A physically based model for the evolution of recrystallization microstructures and textures during hot rolling of aluminum is presented. The approach taken differs from similar models developed for steels. The present model is based on recent experimental investigations directed toward identifying the nature of the nucleation sites for recrystallized grains of different crystallographic orientations. Particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) and nucleation from cube bands and grain boundary regions have been incorporated in the model. The multipass aspect complicates the modeling due to partial recrystallization between the rolling passes. Two different approaches have been suggested to handle this. The model has been applied to predictions of recrystallization kinetics, recrystallized grain sizes, and recrystallization textures during multipass hot rolling of aluminum. The predictions are reasonable compared to experimental results.     

Mathematical Modelling on the Microstructure Evolution of X60 Line Pipe Steel during CSP Hot Rolling

 An integrated process modelling system for simulating the microstructure evolution of Nb-microalloyed HSLA steel produced in CSP hot rolling process has been developed on the basis of the microstructure simulation and mechanical properties prediction technology. Thermo-mechanical coupled finite element models for simulating hot strip rolling have been developed and the distribution of equivalent plastic strain through the thickness direction in the rolled material of CSP rolling was carried out. Thus the distribution of temperature, strain and strain rate through the thickness of the steel stocks, as well as the microstructure evolution during hot rolling of X60 line pipe steel strip have been investigated by using the developed integrated process modelling system. In addition the determination and optimization of controllable process parameters during CSP hot strip rolling for the Nb-microalloyed X60 line pipe steel have been implemented, and control strategies such as adopting larger pass reduction in the first stand, and arranging appropriate pass interval times and proper rolling speed, to reduce or eliminate mixed-grains microstructure of Nb microalloyed strip in CSP processing have been proposed.     

Mathematical Model of Microstructure Evolution of X60 Line Pipe Steel During CSP Hot Rolling

An integrated process modelling system for simulating the microstructure evolution of Nb-microalloyed HSLA steel produced in CSP hot rolling process has been developed on the basis of the microstructure simulation and mechanical properties prediction technology. 3-D thermomechanical coupled finite element models for simulating hot strip rolling have been developed and the distribution of equivalent plastic strain through the thickness direction of the rolled material by CSP roiling was obtained. Thus the distribution of temperature, strain and strain rate through the thickness of the steel stocks, as well as the microstructure evolution during hot rolling of X60 line pipe steel strip has been investigated by using the developed integrated process modelling system. In addition, the determination and op-timization of controllable process parameters during CSP hot strip rolling for the Nb-microalloyed X60 line pipe steel have been implemented, and control strategies such as adopting larger pass reduction in the first stand, arranging ap-propriate pass interval times and proper rolling speed, to reduce or eliminate mixed grain microstructure of Nb micro-alloyed strip in CSP processing have been proposed.     

高碳钢线材轧制工艺参数对晶粒尺寸的影响

结合高碳钢线材的生产实际，利用物理冶金理论和实验模型，对奥氏体的变形-再结晶过程进行模拟计算，计算出各道次的奥氏体晶粒尺寸并分析变化规律。模拟计算结果表明，亚动态再结晶在粗轧和中轧阶段起主要作用，在轧制后半程，静态再结晶起主要作用。分析改变生产工艺参数对晶粒尺寸的影响以及晶粒细化的途径。为进一步的相变、性能预测提供指导依据。     

Prediction of Rolling Load, Recrystallization Kinetics, and Microstructure During Hot Strip Rolling

 The recrystallization kinetics and grain size models were developed for the C Mn and niobium containing steels to describe the metallurgical phenomenon such as softening, grain growth, and strain accumulation. Based on the recrystallization kinetics equations, the mean flow stress and the rolling load of each pass were predicted and the optimum rolling schedule was proposed for hot strip rolling. The austenite grain refinement is associated with the addition of niobium, the decrease of starting temperature of finish rolling, and the reduction of finished thickness. The mean flow stress curve with a continuous rising characteristic can be usually observed in the finish rolling of niobium containing steel, which is formed as a result of the heavy incomplete softening and strain accumulation. The predicted rolling loads are in good agreement with the measured ones.     

C-Mn钢窄带热轧时的再结晶软化规律

针对唐山钢铁有限责任公司带钢厂的生产实际,借助理论与实验结果,研究了C-Mn钢热轧过程中各道次奥氏体的再结晶规律,计算结果与实测结果吻合较好,说明给出的组合模型用于窄带热轧的生产是可行的,它为在生产中控制与预报带钢的组织性能提供了奥氏体再结晶的定量化基础,并为再结晶软化不充分时的力能计算提供了修正依据.     

低碳钢热变形奥氏体的再结晶行为

对热变形奥氏体的再结晶动力学和微观组织演变进行了模拟计算,对晶粒尺寸的模拟值和实测值作了比较,分析了化学成分对动态再结晶率的影响以及残余应变与变形温度的关系.结果表明:在温度较高、应变速率较低的条件下容易发生动态再结晶,随着变形温度的降低,发生动态再结晶的几率减小,而静态再结晶在前几道次进行得比较充分,随后进行得不充分,增加碳和锰的含量可以促进动态再结晶的发生,残余应变随变形温度的降低而增大,晶粒尺寸的模拟值和实测值吻合较好,表明所选用的模型有一定的参考价值.     

热轧变形制度对ELC-BH钢板组织的影响

用热模拟试验等方法研究了热变形制度对Ｎｂ＋Ｔｉ复合处理ＥＬＣ－ＢＨ钢板组织的影响。结果表明该板热变形期间发生静态再结晶现象，再结晶程度与每一道次的变形温度、变形量和道次间隙时间有关，终轧前一道次再结晶愈充分，终轧变形量愈大，则热轧卷取组织的晶粒愈细小、均匀。     

CSP工艺轧制低碳锰钢组织演变模拟

为了选择合适的模型来模拟CSP工艺轧制低碳锰钢的组织变化,首先采用Jonas、Sellars、Saito、Yada等人开发的模型进行模拟,然后采用轧卡试验进行了工业试验验证.轧卡试验和计算结果表明:Jonas模型预测的晶粒尺寸在第一道次较实测值偏小,而在最后几道次较实测值偏大;Yada模型预测值较实测值偏小;Sella...     

Microstructural model for hot strip rolling of high-strength low-alloy steels

The microstructural evolution during hot-strip rolling has been investigated in four commercial high-strength low-alloy (HSLA) steels and compared to that of a plain, low-carbon steel. The recrystallization rates decrease as the Nb microalloying content increases, leading to an increased potential to accumulate retained strain during the final rolling passes. The final microstructure and properties of the hot band primarily depend on the austenite decomposition and precipitation during run-out table cooling and coiling. A combined transformation-ferrite-grain-size model, which was developed for plain, low-carbon steels, can be applied to HSLA steels with some minor modifications. The effect of rolling under no-recrystallization conditions (controlled rolling) on the transformation kinetics and ferrite grain refinement has been evaluated for the Nb-containing steels. Precipitation of carbides, nitrides, and/or carbonitrides takes place primarily during coiling, and particle coarsening controls the associated strengthening effect. The microstructural model has been verified by comparison to structures produced in industrial coil samples.     

Hot direct rolling in ferrite region in extra low-carbon steel

For the first time, hot direct rolling was applied in ferrite region in the mill and the resulting quality of the cold rolled and annealed sheet steel was as good as that hot direct rolled in austenite region with respect to microstructure and mechanical properties. In case of ferrite phase rolling, microstructure of the hot strip reveals abnormal grains and deformation bands in the grains, and elongation and r value are not so good as those rolled in the austenite phase. However, these abnormal grains left no traces and appeared to be equiaxed grains like the austenite phase rolled microstructure after 75 % cold rolling and continuous annealing at 830°C. This is attributed to the deformation bands which provide nucleation sites for recrystallization during annealing so that recrystallization occurs uniformly in the matrix. (111) texture was well developed and r value thus appeared high.     

热连轧生产船板钢E36静态再结晶行为研究

基于热模拟双道次压缩试验,研究了热连轧生产过程中船板钢E36奥氏体变形区不同变形温度、变形间隙时间内的软化行为,分析了变形温度和轧制变形间隙时间对静态再结晶软化率的影响,结果表明：变形温度是影响再结晶的最主要因素,在达到轧制变形温度时,随着轧制间隙时间的延长,再结晶软化率呈现逐步递增的趋势。通过金相分析,得出了最佳轧制...     

CSP工艺冷轧微碳钢组织演变研究

采用CSP热轧板为原料,设计了两个成分的微碳钢,对其生产加工过程中的热轧样、冷硬样、退火样及平整后的样板进行了金相显微镜和扫描电镜观察,研究了各个加工过程中金相组织变化、晶粒度变化及Fe3C的析出演变规律。结果表明:CSP热轧板组织均由铁素体和不连续链状碳化物组成,冷轧退火后链状碳化物逐渐均匀,并成连续链状分布在晶界上;碳含量对组织晶粒度有一定影响。     

Austenite in the process of thermomechanical treatment of microalloyed spring steels

On a classical CrV-bearing spring steel 50CrV4 (1.8159) the effects of thermomechanical treatment (TMT) and additional microalloying with titanium and niobium on the processes in austenite were investigated. The aim of this study was to achieve an austenite state, that promises -after subsequent quench and tempering- mechanical properties of spring steels superior to those after conventional treatment. For laboratory tests the hot deformation simulator Wumsi was employed. It was found that after reheating to usual austenitization temperatures the austenite microstructure of steel 50CrV4 is widely uninfluenced by the initial as-delivered microstructure. Despite the finer austenite grain size occurring after austenitization, additional microalloying with Ti and Nb raises the recrystallization temperature considerably. The finding that the incubation time of austenite recrystallization can be prolonged up to several minutes by microalloying is decisive for the practical applicability of TMT. In this way the substructured state of polygonized austenite beneficial for martensite formation can be preserved over the time needed for additional production steps between hot rolling and hardening of leaf springs. Moreover, the deformation of a not recrystallizing austenite may favourably influence the distribution of undesirable tramp elements in spring steels.     

H型钢粗轧微观组织演化的数值分析

在ABAQUS软件的基础上,利用基于稳态判断的数值分析流程,构建了对H型材任意轧制道次进行微观组织演化模拟的分析平台。以某中型H型钢11道次热轧过程为研究对象,详细分析了粗轧过程轧件内奥氏体晶粒直径、温度、动态再结晶区域、动态再结晶奥氏体体积分数,以及道次间隙期间晶粒的长大和温度分布情况。     

再结晶软化程度对C-Mn钢变形抗力的影响

利用带钢热连轧的实测条件研究了再结晶软化程度对C-Mn钢变形抗力的影响。结果表明，根据金属的再结晶规律得到的实质应变，比计算“残留应变率”法不但与实测更为接近，而且更符合理论结果；考虑再结晶软化程度对变形抗力的影响后使轧机负荷的预报精度得到明显提高；给出的C-Mn钢静态再结晶模型所得结果与实测符合得较好，从而为控制产品的组织性能提供了奥氏体再结晶的定量化依据。