负载型TiO2/硅藻土复合光催化剂的研究

以四氯化钛为原料采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了负载型TiO2，硅藻土复合光催化剂，并通过XRD，IR，SEM等手段对样品进行了表征。实验中分别以300W高压汞灯和太阳光为光源，研究了硅藻土载体上TiO2负载量不同对甲基橙溶液光催化氧化效果的影响。实验结果表明：复合光催化剂的催化性能随着TiO2负载量增大先提高，而后有所下降，其中以1g硅藻土与1．8ml四氯化钛制备的TiO2，硅藻土复合催化剂光催化活性最高。     

水热法合成Ag2CO3/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂及其光催化性能

采用水热法合成了一系列不同Ag₂CO₃含量的新型Ag₂CO₃/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂, 运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)等系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征, 并以紫外光(254 nm)为光源, 评价了催化剂光催化降解甲基橙的活性, 考察了不同Ag₂CO₃复合量、不同水热温度对ZnO复合光催化剂反应活性的影响.结果表明, 当Ag₂CO₃含量为2 %、水热温度为140 ℃, 复合光催化剂具有最大的光催化活性, 降解率达到86.31 %.Ag₂CO₃/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性主要原因是复合光催化剂对紫外光有很强的吸收能力, 适量Ag₂CO₃能提高光生电子-空穴对的分离效率, 并改善催化剂的物理性能.      

水热法合成Ag2C03／ZnO异质结复合光催化剂及其光催化性能

采用水热法合成了一系列不同Ag2CO3含量的新型Ag2CO/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂,运用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-visDRS）等系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征,并以紫外光（254nm）为光源,评价了催化剂光催化降解甲基橙的活性,考察了不同Ag2CO3复合量、不同水热温度对ZnO复合光催化剂反应活性的影响．结果表明．当Ag2CO3含量为2％、水热温度为140℃,复合光催化剂具有最大的光催化活性,降解率达到86．31％．Ag2CO3/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性主要原因是复合光催化剂对紫外光有很强的吸收能力,适量A龅C03能提高光生电子一空穴对的分离效率,并改善催化剂的物理性能．     

La-Ce共掺杂制备La3+-Ce3+/ZnO及其对亚甲基蓝的光催化降解

采用溶胶凝胶法制备了La-Ce共掺杂的La3+-Ce3+/ZnO光催化剂,同时用同种方法制备了ZnO、La3+/ZnO和Ce3+/ZnO以作对比.通过X射线衍射仪、透射电镜、紫外可见分光光度计,比表面及孔隙度分析仪等对制备的光催化剂进行了表征.以亚甲基蓝为模型污染物对所制备的光催化剂的光催化特性进行了评价.结果表明,所制备的La3+-Ce3+/ZnO光催化剂基本呈长方柱状,尺寸平均为57.3 nm,La-Ce共掺杂提高了ZnO的结晶度,促进了晶粒的长大.根据光催化实验结果,La-Ce共掺杂能够显著提高ZnO的光催化活性.在光催化降解500 mL的10 mg·L-1亚甲基蓝实验中,La3+-Ce3+/ZnO光催化剂对亚甲基蓝的降解率达93.7%,比纯ZnO、La3+-ZnO和Ce3+-ZnO分别提高了21.4%、19.2%和9.3%.      

溶剂热制备球状ZnS 纳米光催化剂及其光催化性能

以乙二醇为反应介质,醋酸锌（Zn（CH₃COO）₂·2H₂O）和硫脲（（NH₂）2CS）为原料,采用溶剂热法制备了系列ZnS 光催化剂. 考察了不同反应温度、时间对ZnS 的结晶度、比表面积、光吸收性能及其光催化性能的影响. 利用N₂物理吸附（BET）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X 射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）和光致发光谱（PL）对样品进行了表征.以紫外灯（λ=254 nm）为光源,对所得样品进行了光催化降解不同染料的活性测试.研究结果表明,该系列催化剂均具有较好的结晶性能,具有球状形貌.但在140 ℃下处理16 h 的ZnS 样品表现了最高的光催化活性. 光照5 h 后, 染料酸性橙Ⅱ、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B 的降解率分别达到91.49 %、93.04 %、64.63 %和51.79 %.这主要归于该条件下制备的ZnS 具有比较好的结晶性能、大比表面积和较少的晶格缺陷.      

研磨-焙烧法制备BiOI/BiOBr异质结光催化剂及其光催化性能

首先通过沉淀法制备BiOBr和BiOI纳米粉体,然后在主体BiOBr光催化剂中掺杂不同含量的共催化剂BiOI,充分研磨后在不同温度下进行煅烧3 h,制备了BiOI/BiOBr系列复合物,其中BiOI的质量分数分别为1%,2%,4%和8%.采用氮气物理吸附、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis) 漫反射(DRS) 和光电流测试等技术对所制备的样品进行表征.以酸性橙Ⅱ为模拟污染物, 在可见光下考察了煅烧温度和BiOI复合含量对BiOBr主体光催化剂的光催化性能的影响.研究表明,当复合BiOI的含量为4%,煅烧温度为400 ℃时所制备的复合光催化剂表现出最高光催化性能,其降解效率分别是纯BiOBr和BiOI的1.7和1.9倍.复合BiOI促进了催化剂对可见光的吸收,同时经过研磨和煅烧形成的BiOI/BiOBr异质相结,促进了光生电子(e-) 和空穴(h+) 的分离,提高了光催化活性.      

Photocatalytic activity of cerium-doped mesoporous TiO2 coated Fe3O4 magnetic composite under UV and visible light

A novel kind of magnetically separable photocatalyst of cerrium-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide coated magnetite (Ce/MTiO2/ Fe3O4) was prepared and its activities under UV and visible light were reported. The catalysts with Ce/MTiO2 shell and Fe3O4 core were pre-pared by coating photoactive Ce/MTiO2 onto a magnetic Fe3O4 core through the hydrolysis of tetrabutyltitanate (Ti(OBu)4, TBT) with pre-cursors of ammonium ceric nitrate and TBT in the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The MTiO2 shell was for photocatalysis, the Fe3O4 core was for separation by the magnetic field and the doped Ce was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of MTiO2. The morphological, struc-tural and optical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The effect of cerrium-doped content on the photocatalytic activity was studied and the result revealed that 0.5 mol.% Ce/MTiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited highest photoactivity. The photocatalytic activities of obtained photocatalysts under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB, 50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The results showed that the prepared photocatalyst was activated by visible light and used as effective catalyst in photooxi-dation reactions. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the prepared photocatalyst was also confirmed. Moreover, Ce/MTiO2 was tightly bound to Fe3O4 and could be easily recovered from the medium by an external magnetic filed. So, the photocatalyst can be reused without any mass loss. It can therefore be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants.     

溶剂热制备球状ZnS纳米光催化剂及其光催化性能

以乙二醇为反应介质,醋酸锌（Zn（CH3COO）2·2H2O）和硫脲（（NH2）3CS）为原料,采用溶剂热法制备了系列ZnS光催化剂．考察了不同反应温度、时间对ZnS的结晶度、比表面积、光吸收性能及其光催化性能的影响．利用N2物理吸附（BET）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、紫外可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）和光致发光谱（PL）对样品进行了表征．以紫外灯（X=254nm）为光源,对所得样品进行了光催化降解不同染料的活性测试．研究结果表明,该系列催化剂均具有较好的结晶性能,具有球状形貌．但在140℃下处理16h的ZnS样品表现了最高的光催化活性．光照5h后,染料酸性橙Ⅱ、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝、罗丹明B的降解率分别达到91．49％、93．04％、64．63％和51．79％．这主要归于该条件下制备的ZnS具有比较好的结晶性能、大比表面积和较少的晶格缺陷．     

MoO3对染料光催化降解性能研究

分别在太阳光、红外灯光、荧光灯光不同光源照射下，用仲钼酸铵硝酸分解法和热分解法制备MoO3，对几种常见染料光催化降解性能进行了研究。研究了溶液的酸度、催化剂的用量、光照时间等不同条件对染料脱色率的影响．结果表明，用仲钼酸铵硝酸分解法制备的MoO3在酚藏花红、罗丹明B、甲基紫等染料的光催化降解过程中催化活性好，脱色率可达90％以上；将使用过的MoO3重复实验，其光催化活性基本不变，性能稳定，可重复使用；加入Fe^3 ，H2O2等其他物质可提高染料的脱色率；对染料原溶液和脱色后的溶液进行紫外一可见光谱分析，发现染料脱色确实由光催化降解所致。     

微波水热法制备棒状BiPO4催化剂及其光催化性能研究

通过采用微波水热法和沉淀法制备了BiPO₄光催化剂，并且用400 W金卤灯模拟太阳光，探究了2种方法制备的BiPO₄光催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ和亚甲基蓝的活性.主要是对微波水热法制备的BiPO₄进行研究.应用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-vis DRS）、傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）对催化剂进行表征.紫外漫反射图谱可以看出，微波水热法制备的BiPO₄的带隙为4.05 eV，比普通沉淀法制出的样品带隙窄.其光催化降解酸性橙Ⅱ和亚甲基蓝的测试表明，微波水热法样品的降解速率常数分别是普通沉淀法的7.8倍和1.5倍，光催化活性有显著提高.      

稀土上转光剂(Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+)复合TiO2光催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法、高温煅烧法和超声分散法制备了Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+/TiO2复合光催化剂,并对制备的样品进行了XRD和SEM表征。利用次甲基蓝水溶液模拟有机污染水,对比了单一TiO2,上转光剂Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+以及Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+/TiO2复合光催化剂的催化活性。同时讨论了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、光照射时间、光照强度以及光催化剂用量等因素对光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,煅烧温度为550℃、煅烧时间为90 min,照射时间为150 min,光照强度为1.0 mW/cm2和催化剂的量为1.00 g/L时,Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+/TiO2复合光催化剂降解次甲基蓝表现出了最佳的催化效果。     

可见光催化剂ZnWO4-CdS的合成及其光催化性质

采用低温水热法制备了一系列不同CdS含量的ZnWO4-CdS复合可见光催化剂,通过X射线衍射（XRD）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、紫外-可见（UV-vis）吸收光谱等手段对合成的催化剂进行了表征.以可见光为光源,评价了该催化剂光催化降解次甲基蓝的活性,考察了CdS的复合量、溶液的pH、染料的种类等对ZnWO4-CdS光催化性能的影响,探讨了降解过程的机理.结果表明：复合物ZnWO4-CdS的光催化效果明显优于纯Zn-WO4;当CdS与ZnWO4的摩尔比为0.3时,其光催化效率最高.此外,ZnWO4-CdS在碱性环境中的催化降解效果优于酸性和中性环境,或许与催化剂表面带负电荷有关;活性物质捕获剂实验显示次甲基蓝的光催化降解是光生电子、空穴、羟基自由基共同作用的结果.催化剂重复使用3次后,催化降解效果无明显降低,表明催化剂性能稳定.     

XPS study of surface absorbed oxygen of ABO3 mixed oxides

Perovskite-type complex oxides ABO3 （A=Sr, La; B=Mn, Fe, Co） were prepared by citric acid method. The degradation of water-solubilized dyes was carried out using the mixed oxides as photocatalyst. The surface absorbed oxygen was analyzed using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS）. The results indicated that there was a relationship between the photocatalytic activity and the content of the surface absorbed oxygen. The higher the content of the surface absorbed oxygen was, the better the performance of the photocatalyst.     

Synthesis and characterization of CNT/Ce-TiO2 nanocomposite for phenol degradation

An innovative photocatalyst, Carbon nanotube (CNT) supported Ce-TiO2 nanocomposite was successfully synthesized via modi-fied sol gel method and investigated in a batch reactor for abolition of phenol under UV light spectrum. Characterization of catalyst micro-structure and internal properties were done by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), scanning electron micros-copy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS). Ce doping can inhibit phase transfor-mation from anatase to rutile and eliminate the recombination of electron-hole pairs in the catalyst. The presence of CNT in TiO2 composite can both increase the photoactivity under UV and change surface properties to achieve sensitivity to visible light. The optimum mass ratio of CNT support and cerium (Ce) dopant in TiO2 was the prominent factor to harvest CNT/Ce-TiO2 photocatalyst nanocomposite. The results demonstrated that optimum mass ratio of CNT:TiO2:Ce was 0.02:1.0:0.06, which resulted in the great performance of the photocatalyst to de-grade about 94% of phenol in a 50 mg/L solution in only 3 h. In this paper, dissimilar role of CNT support and Ce dopant in the TiO2 photo-catalysis of phenol was also discussed.     

CeO2/Bi2MoO6纳米复合材料的制备及 其增强光催化降解性能研究

采用水热法制备了一系列不同的CeO₂/Bi₂MoO₆纳米复合材料，分别考察了pH值（2~9）和Ce/Bi摩尔比（3 %~10 %）等因素对其光催化性能的影响.利用X射线粉末衍射、扫描电镜、红外光谱、紫外-可见漫反射光谱、光致发光光谱、瞬态光电流-时间响应等一系列分析测试手段对催化剂的组成、结构、光电性能等进行表征.结果表明，当pH=6时，所制备的Bi₂MoO₆（BMO）晶体形貌为细针状，复合CeO₂后形貌为厚片状，比表面积减小、晶体颗粒增大.在实验室模拟太阳光条件下（300 W氙灯)进行光催化活性测试，分别以罗丹明B（RhB）、亚甲基蓝（MB）和苯酚为模拟污染物，对复合光催化剂的光催化活性进行考察，结果表明，当CeO₂的含量为5 %时呈现出最高的光催化降解活性. 5 % CeO₂/BMO对RhB、MB和苯酚的光催化反应的速率常数分别为0.037 min-1、0.016 min-1和0.007 min-1，相对于纯的BMO分别提高了3.19倍、1.70倍和4.58倍.其光催化性能增强主要原因是CeO₂与Bi₂MoO₆复合后形成异质结有利于光生电子-空穴的有效分离，从而提高了活性自由基的含量.在自由基捕获实验中，超氧根离子自由基（·O2-）、羟基自由基（·OH）和空穴（h+）参与了光催化降解，其影响顺序为:·O2->·OH>h+.      

氧化亚铜的复合改性及其光催化性质研究

采用简单的室温液相还原法制备了氧化亚铜微米立方块和Cu2O-ZnO复合物,利用XRD和EFSEM对产物进行了表征,研究了太阳光照下合成产物对不同类型染料的光催化降解性能。结果表明,氧化亚铜对阴离子染料有较好的降解效果,对阳离子染料降解效果不明显;Cu2O-ZnO复合物对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝的光催化活性明显高于纯的氧化亚铜,其中10%Cu2O-ZnO复合物的光催化效果最好。通过荧光光谱分析了复合物增强对阳离子染料亚甲基蓝的光催化效率的原因,探讨了Cu2O-ZnO复合物光催化反应的机理。     

Preparation of La MnO_3/graphene thin films and their photocatalytic activity

A novel photocatalyst of La MnO3/graphene thin films with the perovskite-type was synthesized by sol-gel process assisted with spin-coating methods on glass substrates.The prepared samples were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Brumauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area analyzer, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS) and UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy.Results showed that after the introduction of graphene, the perovskite structure was unchanged and the size of La MnO3 particles was about 22 nm, which uniformed growth in graphene sheet.Determination of contact angle indicated that the contact angle of glass substrate decreased and the hydrophilicity improved after treating with H2SO4 and APTES.The UV-Vis photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was evaluated by the degradation of diamine green B.La MnO3/graphene thin films had better photocatalytic ability than La MnO3 and Ti O2 films.The obtained k was 0.5627 and 0.3441 h–1 corresponding to La MnO3/graphene films and Ti O2 films, respectively.     

Lanthanum and boron co-doped BiVO4 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity for degradation of methyl orange

BiVO4 photocatalysts co-doped with La and B were prepared by sol-gel method using citric acid as chelate.The samples were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),X-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscopy(SEM),Brumauer-Emmett-Teller(BET),UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra(DRS) and the photocatalytic activity was investigated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange(MO).The results showed that boron and lanthanum ions incorporated into the lattice of BiVO4,and co-doping led to more surface oxygen vacancies,high specific surface areas,small crystallite size,narrow band gap and intense light absorbance in visible region.And the doped La(III) ions could help the separation of photogenerated electrons.Compared with BiVO4 and B-BiVO4,the photocatalytic activity of La-B co-doped BiVO4 was remarkably improved due to the synergistic effects of the co-doped ions.The degradation rate of MO in 60 min was 98.4% when La doping content was 0.05 mol.%,which was much higher than that of pure BiVO4(20%) and B-BiVO4(37%).     

微波法制备NiO/WO_3光催化剂及其光催化活性的研究

制备掺杂NiO的WO3光催化剂。通过X射线衍射、热重分析、电子探针、紫外-可见分光光度等分析手段表征产物的结构、形态,用甲醛的光降解为评价体系探讨它们的光催化活性和稳定性。结果表明,微波加热制备的掺杂了金属氧化物的光催化剂结晶度高、晶粒小、比表面积大,微波加热得到的产品其光催化活性要优于传统加热得到的产品的光催化活性,而且其稳定性也较好。其中以掺杂NiO为1%(摩尔比)时催化剂的光催化活性最大。     

Influence of inorganic anions and organic additives on photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange with supported polyoxometalates as photocatalyst

A novel supported polyoxometalate(POM),phosphotungstic acid immobilized into yttrium-doped TiO2(HPW-Y-TiO2) nano photocatalyst was prepared via sol-gel and impregnation method.The samples were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and N2 absorption-desorption analysis.The results showed that the supported POM exhibited Keggin structure and anatase phase with large BET surface area.The influences of inorganic anions and organic additives on the photocatalytic degradation of azo dye methyl orange with HPW-Y-TiO2 as photocatalyst under UV light(λ≥365 nm) were investigated.Results showed that inorganic anions Cl-,SO42-,CO32-and NO3-had inhibition effect on the degradation of methyl orange.A great enhancement of degradation rate was obtained while H2O2 and ethyl alcohol were applied.The degradation rates improved with the increase of H2O2 concentration.The optimum additive amount of ethyl alcohol was 0.5 mol/L.The possible mechanisms of the effects of additives on methyl orange degradation were discussed.