时效制度对1441Al-Li合金抗腐蚀性能的影响

对固溶态1441Al-Li合金板材分别进行T6时效,以及5%冷轧预变形后再进行150℃时效,即T8时效处理,通过晶间腐蚀(IGC)、剥落腐蚀(EXCO)实验、极化曲线测试及透射电镜(TEM)分析,研究时效制度对1441铝锂合金的室温抗晶间腐蚀性能、抗剥落腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响。结果表明,合金经T6或T8时效处理后,随时效时间延长,合金微观组织由欠时效的晶内析出均匀的δ′相,变为晶内析出δ′相和S′相,以及沿晶界析出平衡相δ相和S相,因此合金抗腐蚀性能顺序为欠时效峰时效过时效。与T6时效态相比,经T8时效处理后,晶内析出的δ′相和S′相的数量增加、尺寸减小、分布均匀;同时,沿晶界析出的δ相和S相数量减少,PFZ变窄,合金的抗晶间腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀能力提高。在3.5%NaCl溶液中进行的极化曲线测试表现出相同的结果。     

Mg/Si对Al-Mg-Si铸造合金组织和性能的影响

采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、力学性能测试、剥落腐蚀、晶间腐蚀、和电化学工作站等实验手段,研究了不同Mg/Si(原子分数比,下同)对Al-Mg-Si铸造合金的力学性能、腐蚀性能及微观组织的影响。研究表明,Mg/Si为1.1时合金具有最佳的力学性能和耐蚀性(抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为275和253MPa,晶间腐蚀深度为73.76μm);Mg/Si在1.1~3.1之间,强度随Mg/Si升高而下降,Mg/Si增大到3.1时,抗拉强度仅为181MPa,延伸率随Mg/Si升高而增加,但变化幅度不大;晶间腐蚀敏感度大体上随Mg/Si减小而升高,但在Mg/Si为1.1时耐晶间腐蚀性能有显著的提高;剥落腐蚀敏感度无太大差异,均为PA等级,耐剥落腐蚀性能良好。T6热处理态晶内析出相析出密度随Mg/Si增加发生变化,低Mg/Si的合金1的析出密度高于高Mg/Si的合金3,高分辨结果显示晶内析出相为强化相,并且在晶界处均未观察到明显析出相和无沉淀析出带(PFZ)。     

7055铝合金的化学成分、物相组成及其性能特点

说明了7055合金中Zn、Cu、Mg、Si、Fe和Zr等元素在该合金中的作用或影响;阐述了该合金的物相组成和-αAl、η（MgZn2）、S（Al2CuMg）、T（Al2Zn3Mg2）以及Al3Zr的作用;讲解了基体沉淀相（MPt）、晶界沉淀相（GBP）和晶间无析出带宽度（PFZ）对该合金性能的影响,介绍了该合金的性能特点进而介绍了该合金晶界腐蚀、应力腐蚀和剥落腐蚀的产生机理。总结了该合金化学成分、物相组成与宏观性能的对应关系。     

微量Zn对Al-Cu-Mg合金力学性能及晶间腐蚀的影响

采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、电子背散射衍射(EBSD)、电导率测试及常温拉伸实验,结合剥落腐蚀测试、晶间腐蚀测试和电化学测试研究了微量Zn对Al-Cu-Mg合金组织与性能的影响.试验结果表明,微量Zn的添加明显提高了合金T3态(预拉伸+自然时效)的塑性.随着Zn含量的增加,T3态合金点蚀电位提高,S相、阴极相和铝基体...     

7B04铝合金预拉伸厚板的微观组织与性能

研究了7B04铝合金材料在不同热处理状态下的微观组织和性能。结果表明,目前的单级固溶处理（470℃×80min）并未使合金内一次析出相充分回溶,经物相分析确定残留相为MgZn2,S（Al2CuMg）,T（Mg32（Al,Zn）49）及Al7Cu2Fe相等。T6状态下晶内析出相为细小GP区和η′相,晶界析出相为半连续状态,无明显的晶间无析出带（PFZ）存在,合金的抗拉强度达595MPa,电导率为31.7%IACS;在T7（115℃×7h＋160℃×12h）状态下,晶内的析出相为GP区、η′和η相,尺寸约为5～20nm,晶界有不连续的较为粗大相析出,有明显的PFZ存在,此时抗拉强度为532MPa,电导率为37.0%IACS;采用RRA处理可使合金获得较高强度和较高电导率,抗拉强度和电导率分别为575MPa和36.3%IACS,此时晶内析出相为η′和η相,晶界析出物粗大呈完全不连续分布,有明显PFZ存在。     

Zn含量对Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金拉伸性能及晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响

采用拉伸测试、浸泡腐蚀试验、差示扫描量热（DSC）、扫描电镜（SEM）及透射电镜（TEM）等手段，研究了Zn含量（0～1.2%，质量分数）对自然时效（T4）和峰值时效（T6）状态Al-Mg-Si-Cu合金拉伸性能和晶间腐蚀敏感性的影响。结果表明：较低的Zn含量（0～0.8%）对T4和T6合金强度无显著影响；T4合金无晶间腐蚀敏感性，而T6合金发生严重晶间腐蚀且最大腐蚀深度随Zn含量增加而下降，并于0.8%Zn含量时降至320μm，较无Zn合金减小220μm。当Zn含量增大至1.2%，晶内预脱溶原子偏聚区（GP区）和β″相析出过程得到促进，使得合金强度显著提高，T4合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为196 MPa和363 MPa，较无Zn合金分别提高30 MPa和44 MPa, T6合金屈服强度和抗拉强度分别为368 MPa和443 MPa，较无Zn合金分别提高44 MPa和57 MPa，同时，两种时效状态合金均能保持较高的延伸率；T4和T6合金显著增强的晶间腐蚀敏感性应与高Zn含量加大了晶界析出相与无析出区（PFZ）之间成分差异有关。此外，实验合金拉伸断口形貌特征基本不受Zn含量影响，而与时...     

7050超高强铝合金蠕变时效成形行为与性能研究

对7050超高强铝合金进行蠕变时效处理,采用维氏硬度、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀等试验对其力学性能与腐蚀行为进行研究,采用光学显微镜和透射电子显微镜对微观组织进行观察,研究蠕变时效对合金微观组织与性能的影响。结果表明:合金的稳态蠕变速率随温度的升高和应力的增大而逐渐升高,时效温度是影响合金蠕变速率和抗腐蚀性能的主要因素。7050超高强铝合金的稳态蠕变速率与蠕变应力和蠕变温度的关系可以表示为:■=e~(12.226)σ~(1.66)exp(-120 536/RT)。蠕变时效处理后,合金的维氏硬度、抗晶间腐蚀和抗剥落腐蚀性能均得到提高。合金在120℃和140℃下蠕变时效后,维氏硬度和抗腐蚀性能都保持在较高的水平,160℃下合金的维氏硬度和抗腐蚀性能均较低。人工时效后,7050超高强铝合金中的主要强化相为大量弥散分布的η'相,蠕变时效后,晶内和晶界析出相尺寸略有减小,晶界析出相分布不连续,电化学腐蚀速率减小,合金抗腐蚀性能提高。     

稀土Pr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金组织和性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备含稀土元素Pr的Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金,并通过金相分析以及拉伸性能、晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能的测试研究价格相对低廉的Pr对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr合金显微组织、力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明,添加稀土元素Pr能影响合金铸态组织中第二相的析出,并显著抑制合金在变形和热处理过程中再结晶的发生,在保持合金的强度及弹性模量的同时,改善合金抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀的性能,并提高合金的塑性.     

时效工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er铝合金组织与耐腐蚀性影响

采用剥落腐蚀、极化曲线、电导率、力学性能测试和TEM显微组织分析,研究T6、T74及RRA时效工艺对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr-Er铝合金的组织、力学性能与耐腐蚀性的影响.结果表明:①T6态合金的强韧性最高（σ_b:663.5 MPa、σ_0.2:625.4 MPa、δ:12.46 %）,但易腐蚀;与T6态合金相比,T74态合金（σ_b:640.2 MPa、σ_0.2:621.3 MPa、δ:11.34 %）的耐腐蚀性最好,但以牺牲强度为代价,而RRA态合金（σ_b:657.8 MPa、σ_0.2:628.8 MPa、δ:11.98 %）虽强韧性略低于T6态合金,但耐腐蚀性明显改善,综合性能优异.②合金的强度及耐腐蚀性分别与晶内η′析出相和晶界η析出相有关.晶内大量的η′析出相分布越均匀、弥散,尺寸越细小,合金的强度越高;晶界粗大的η析出相分布越离散,合金的耐腐蚀性越好.这与第一性原理计算的η′相与η相的理化性质相吻合.      

预拉伸变形对Al-Cu-Mg合金腐蚀性能的影响

采用表面腐蚀、慢应变速率拉伸(SSRT)实验研究预拉伸变形对Al-Cu-Mg合金腐蚀性能的影响。利用扫描电镜观察分析Al-Cu-Mg合金断口形貌及结构。结果表明,预拉伸变形可显著提高合金位错密度,为H原子的扩散提供更多的通道,因此,在相同腐蚀时间下,3.5%NaCl溶液中T8态Al-Cu-Mg合金的腐蚀速率高于T6态。此外,预拉伸变形可显著增加S相弥散度,使得S相两侧的无沉淀析出带变窄,有效降低了晶界和晶内的电位差,从而降低晶界沉淀相的溶解速度,因此,在同一热处理状态下,Al-Cu-Mg合金在饱和H2S溶液中的应力腐蚀开裂敏感性高于干燥空气中的腐蚀开裂敏感性。同一应变速率下,T8态Al-Cu-Mg合金具有比T6态更好的抗应力腐蚀性能,表明预拉伸变形处理可显著提高合金的抗应力腐蚀性能。     

Mechanism of localized corrosion of 7075 alloy plate

Investigation of localized corrosion in 7075 aluminum alloy plate shows that the mechanism of corrosion can be rationalized on the basis of potentiokinetic anodic polarization behavior. 7075 alloy in cold water quenched W temper has been shown to be susceptible to both pitting and intergranular corrosion. Aging to peak strength condition (T651 temper) increases the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. The preferential anodic path is presumed to be solute enrichment (Zn and Mg) in the vicinity of grain boundaries. This is substantiated by the observation of two distinct pitting potentials in the anodic polarization curve for the T651 temper. Overaging to the T7351 temper decreases susceptibility, both by the reduction in the difference between the two pitting potentials and by the reduction in the amount of solute atoms segregated. Metallographic cross-sections of potentiostatically polarized specimens substantiate the proposed mechanism.     

再结晶对7150铝合金局部腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相、极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、扫描电镜以及透射电镜对7150铝合金不同程度的再结晶组织的局部腐蚀性能进行研究。结果表明:再结晶程度低的2#合金抗晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能优于再结晶程度高的1#合金;电化学阻抗谱研究表明,1#合金在腐蚀液中浸泡5 h即出现明显的剥蚀现象,而2#合金浸泡时间长达33 h也未见明显的剥蚀现象;腐蚀路径是沿再结晶晶粒的晶界扩展,未再结晶晶粒很少被腐蚀;透射电镜原位腐蚀观察发现,再结晶晶界析出相较粗大,优先腐蚀,而未再结晶晶界析出相较细小,基本未腐蚀。     

Effect of samarium on microstructure and corrosion resistance of aged as-cast AZ92 magnesium alloy

The effects of samarium（Sm） on microstructure and corrosion resistance of AZ92 magnesium alloy were characterized and analyzed by scanning electronic microscopy, X-ray diffraction, mass loss test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and potentio-dynamic polarization test. The results showed that the added Sm could promote continuous precipitation of β-Mg17Al12 phase in grains, and meanwhile restrain discontinuous precipitation of the same phase along the grain boundaries. Thus, the precipitations distributed more uniformly in the aged AZ92 magnesium alloys. When the content of Sm was 0.5 wt.%, the corrosion resistance of aged AZ92 alloy tended to be the best, which was due to the β-phase distributes more homogeneous reducing the galvanic corrosion. The corrosion product film had more integrality and compactness than AZ92 alloys without Sm. However, it resulted in worse corrosion resistance of AZ92 alloy because of the formation of mass cathodic Al2 Sm phase coming from excess Sm in AZ92 alloy.     

不同时效态7150铝合金的剥蚀根源

根据波音737飞机龙骨梁下缘条更换修理BS540.6位置处T6态和T77态7150铝合金结构腐蚀规律和采用TEM获得的合金晶界微观组织结构,研究了T6态和T77态7150铝合金剥蚀根源。结果表明:T77态比T6态抗剥蚀性能好得多。T6态晶界η析出相分布连续,基体边缘无明显PFZ;T77态基体边缘PFZ连续分布,晶界η析出相不连续。T6态和T77态的剥蚀根源分别为晶界η析出相和PFZ作为阳极被腐蚀溶解。     

电场时效对铝锂合金性能和断裂特征的影响

研究了电场时效处理对 14 2 0合金板材性能的影响 ,探讨了其作用机理。研究发现 ,电场时效可在一定程度上提高合金的延伸率 ,且试样作负极时效果更明显 ;但电场对合金的强度几乎没有影响 ;电场时效还改变了合金的断裂方式 ,减小了沿晶分层断裂比例 ,增加了穿晶断裂比例和微区塑性变形。电场是通过对空位的作用来影响合金的析出相变、PFZ的形成和合金元素的晶界偏析 ,从而改善合金的性能     

Environmental factors affecting localized corrosion of 7075-t7351 aluminum alloy plate

An earlier paper on the mechanism of localized corrosion of 7075 alloy plate in 3.5 pct NaCl solution showed that pitting of an anodic zone in the vicinity of grain boundaries caused intergranular corrosion of 7075-T651 (peak aged condition). It also showed that overaging to the T7351 temper reduced the difference between pitting potentials of the grain boundaries and grain interiors so that intergranular corrosion could not be sustained. This paper shows that certain changes in the environment strongly affect the difference between pitting potentials of the grain interior and the anodic grain boundary of 7075-T7351. Consequently, the susceptibility for intergranular corrosion is substantially greater in certain environments. Nitrates are most detrimental. The effects of sulfates and pH in chloride + nitrate solutions were relatively small.     

时效制度对Al–Zn?Mg合金组织和抗应力腐蚀性能的影响

采用慢应变速率拉伸应力腐蚀、室温拉伸、透射电镜等检测方法，研究传统T5、T73时效处理，以及新型T5I4、T5I6断续时效处理对Al–Zn?Mg合金微观组织、室温拉伸性能及抗应力腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:断续时效T5I4处理后材料抗拉强度为400.0 MPa，明显高于传统T5及T73态样品，但材料抗应力腐蚀性能变差，应力腐蚀敏感系数为5.7%；而经断续时效T5I6处理后，材料的抗拉强度为408.5 MPa，较T5I4态相比有所提升，与此同时抗应力腐蚀性能也得到明显改善，应力腐蚀敏感系数为3.2%，该值明显小于T5I4及T5态；T5I4态晶内析出相平均粒径为2.0 nm，体积分数为8.8%，均明显小于其他3种时效制度，其晶界析出相为细小且连续分布的点状析出相；而经T5I6时效处理后晶内析出相体积分数为24.6%，明显大于其他3种时效制度，晶内析出相平均粒径（4.1 nm）较T5I4态有所增大，但依然小于T5、T73态，其晶界处析出相与T5I4态相比更加粗大，呈断续分布形貌。      

Evolution of Grain Boundary Precipitates in an Al-Cu-Li Alloy During Aging

The grain boundary microstructure of Al-Cu-Li alloy AA2050 was investigated for different isothermal aging times to rationalize intergranular corrosion (IGC) characteristics. In the underaged condition, the dominant grain boundary precipitates are fine T₁ (Al₂CuLi). Extended aging revealed that grain boundaries were decorated by large T₁ precipitates and S′ phase (Al₂CuMg), with S′ growth not dimensionally constrained. Such a transition in the precipitate type at grain boundaries is a unique feature of the Al-Cu-Li system.     

含锶钪2099型铝锂合金的晶间腐蚀和剥落腐蚀性能

采用维氏硬度计(HV)、金相显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)显微分析技术,研究了一种锶钪复合微合金化2099型铝锂合金(其化学成分为:Al-2.57Cu-1.86Li-1.31Zn-0.420Mg-0.321Mn-0.0735Zr-0.0943Sr-0.0433Sc)的晶间腐蚀性能和剥落腐蚀性能。结果表明,该合金经均匀化退火处理(475℃×24 h)、热锻压变形加工处理(三次变形量均约为100%)、固溶处理(540℃×2 h)、冷水淬火(水温大约5℃)、T8时效处理(121℃×14 h+151℃×48 h)后,合金显微硬度值达到174.6 HV,比2024-T6合金(固溶处理500℃×2 h+时效处理191℃×12 h)高23.1%。合金具有良好的抗晶间腐蚀性能和抗剥落腐蚀性能,其抗腐蚀性能明显优于2024-T6合金。该合金Sr,Zr,Sc的复合微合金化作用(细化粗大第二相、抑制再结晶和晶粒长大),第二相分散、分布不连续,以及Zn的含量高,是合金抗腐蚀性能高的主要原因。研究结果还说明了微量复合添加对铝锂合金具有奇效微合金化作用的过渡族金属元素Sr,Sc,是得到抗腐蚀性能良好的铝锂合金的一种有效途径。     

抗晶间腐蚀奥氏体不锈钢的晶界工程

Sensitization by chromium depletion due to chromium carbide precipitation at grain boundaries in austenitic stainless steels can not be prevented perfectly only by previous conventional techniques, such as reduction of carbon content, stabilization-treatment, local solution-heat-treatment, etc. Recent studies on grain boundary structure have revealed that the sensitization depends strongly on grain boundary character and atomic structure, and that low energy grain boundaries such a~ coincidence-site-lattice (CSL) boundaries have strong resistance to intergranular corrosion. The concept of grain boundary design and control has been developed as grain boundary engineering (GBE). GBEed materials are characterized by high frequencies of CSL boundaries which are resistant to intergranular deterioration of materials, such as intergranular corrosion. A thermomechanical treatment was tried to improve the resistance to the sensitization by GBE. A type 304 austenitic stainless steel was cold-rolled and solution-heat-treated, and then sensitization-heat-treated. The grain boundary character distribution was examined by orientation imaging microscopy (OIM). The intergranular corrosion resistance was evaluated by electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (EPR) and ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid tests. The sensitivity to intergranular corrosion was reduced by the thermomechanical treatment and indicated a minimum at a small roll-reduction The frequency of CSL boundaries indicated a maximum at the small reduction. The ferric sulfate-sulfuric acid test showed much smaller corrosion rate in the thermomechanical-treated specimen than in the base material. A high density of annealing twins were observed in the thermomechanical-treated specimen. The results suggdst that the therrmomechanical treatment can introduce low energy segments in the grain boundary network by annealing twins and can arrest the percolation of intergranular corrosion from the surface. The effects of carbon content and other minor elements on optimization in grain boundary character distribution (GBCD) and thermomechanical parameters were also examined during GBE.