阴极电流密度对酸性液电镀Zn—Ni合金质量的影响

复合电镀是制造复合材料的一种新方法,在过去30多年里取得了极大的发展,关于电镀工艺和镀层性能的研究也较为深入．锌镍合金是近20多年发展起来的一种新型防护性镀层,具有极高的耐腐蚀性、低氢脆性、可焊性和机械加工性等优良特性,极具发展前景．锌镍合金镀层具有优良的耐腐蚀性,可以满足不断提高的防护性能要求．文章介绍了一种酸性锌镍合金电镀工艺．研究了电流密度的增加,镀层中的镍含量增加;获得了最佳工艺参数：100—120g／LNiSO4·H2O,60～80g/L ZnCl2,200～220g／LNH4Cl,20～35g/L硼酸,0．05～0．5g／L十二烷基硫酸钠,0．3g／L香草醛,pH=5,温度／．C=20—25,电流密度／（A／dm^2）=1．     

铜钴合金单膜电化学溶解造液试验研究

在酸性条件下H2O2／O2及Fe^3＋／Fe^2＋的平衡电位远正于H^＋／H2和Cu^2＋／Cu。采用阴离子膜分隔阴、阳极室,以空气作氧化剂,使氧在阴极放电或氧化二价铁离子成三价,三价铁离子在阴极表面放电,实现铜钻合金单膜低压电溶解。实验确定的工艺条件为：槽电压0．32～0．55V,温度为60℃,相邻两极表面间距3cm,阴极室H2SO4浓度35g/L,FeSO4浓度76g/L,鼓氧充足,阳极室H2SO4浓度25g/L,实验电流密度可达300—500A/m^2,电流效率达98．7％。     

桑杆吸附剂的改性及其对Cd~(2+)吸附性能的研究

研究了NaOH法、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)法和磷酸活化法对桑杆生物质吸附剂的改性及改性后桑杆吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的吸附性能,优化了改性条件和吸附工艺条件,考察了改性后的桑杆吸附剂对废水中Cd~(2+)的吸附效果。结果表明:1)NaOH法、SDBS法和H3PO4活化法对桑杆吸附剂进行改性均能提高桑杆吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的吸附能力;相同条件下,3种改性方法的改性效果排序为NaOH法SDBS法H3PO4法,改性后吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的吸附率分别达98.15%、96.81%和88.62%。2)NaOH法优化改性条件:NaOH质量浓度50g/L,温度25℃,时间3h;SDBS法优化改性条件:SDBS质量浓度30g/L,温度25℃,时间3h;H3PO4活化法的优化改性条件:浸渍比1∶2,H3PO4浓度1mol/L,活化温度150℃,活化时间5h。3)吸附时间、温度、吸附剂用量、溶液pH及Cd~(2+)初始浓度对改性吸附剂吸附Cd~(2+)效果有不同程度影响:NaOH法改性吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的适宜吸附条件为吸附剂用量5g/L,吸附温度35℃,吸附时间3h,溶液pH=6;SDBS法改性吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的适宜吸附条件为吸附剂用量7.5g/L,吸附温度35℃,吸附时间3h,溶液pH=6;H3PO4法改性吸附剂对Cd~(2+)的适宜吸附条件为吸附剂用量7.5g/L,吸附温度35℃,吸附时间3h,溶液pH=5。3种方法改性所得桑杆吸附剂对低浓度Cd~(2+)的吸附效果不佳,Cd~(2+)初始质量浓度大于15mg/L时吸附效果明显。     

钒（Ⅴ）一次磷酸钠-偶氮胂Ⅲ体系催化动力学光度法测定痕量钒

基于0．016mol／L的H2SO4介质中，痕量钒(Ⅴ)对次磷酸钠(NaH2PO2)还原偶氮肿Ⅲ(AsAⅢ)的褪色反应有明显的阻抑作用，建立了测定痕量钒（Ⅳ）的动力学光度法。钒（Ⅴ）质量浓度在0～4．0μ／L范围内服从比尔定律，方法检出限为0．058μg／L。在25mL溶液中，测定0．1μg钒(Ⅴ)的相对标准偏差为1．5％(n=11)。讨论了酸度、反应物浓度、温度、反应时间、干扰离子等因素的影响，研究了反应的最佳条件，并测定了一些动力学参数，催化反应的表观活化能为46．80kJ／mol。用于测定人发和茶叶样品中痕量钒(Ⅴ)，相对标准偏差为3．0％～4．2％，标准加入回收率为98．2％～101．4％。     

Zr(HPO4)(C6H5PO3)/Cr2O3选择性催化合成苯酚的研究

报道了以Zr(HPO4)(C6H5PO3)／Cr2O3为苯选择性氧化为苯酚的催化剂，对苯氧化制备苯酚的反应条件进行了研究。实验表明：最佳条件为n(C6H6)：n(H2O2)=1：0．75，催化剂用量为反应反应物料总质量的1．0％，反应时间为12h，反应温度为55℃。在上述条件下，苯的转化率可达到45．1％，苯酚的收率可达到42．8％，催化剂Zr(HPO4)(C6H5POH)／Cr2O3的氧化苯制备苯酚的选择性达到94．9％。     

高锗硫酸锌溶液除锗试验研究

对含锗高的硫酸锌溶液的除锗工艺进行系统的研究,在锌粉用量3g/L、温度85～90℃、时间120min及添加剂用量为CuSO4·5H2O 0.32g/L、Sb2O3 6mg/L的条件下,净化后溶液的含锗<0.03mg/L,能够满足锌电解沉积周期48h时对溶液含锗的要求.     

Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg合金锡盐电解着色工艺及膜性能研究

Al-12.7Si-0.7Mg是一种新型含镁高硅铝合金挤压型材,具有优异的力学性能、加工性能和广阔的市场前景,其表面处理技术亟待研究和开发。选择L25(55)五因素五水平正交实验方案优化电解着色液的组成,得到最佳电解液配方成分为:硫酸亚锡12 g·L-1、硫酸12 g·L-1、硼酸6 g·L-1、稳定剂Ⅰ14 g·L-1和稳定剂Ⅱ1.2 g·L-1。通过单因素实验确定交流电解着色工艺条件为:时间10～15 min,温度20～25℃,交流电压12～25 V。控制电解着色条件,可得到颜色从浅到深的着色膜。微观结构分析(EDS,XRF,XRD)证实着色膜中沉积金属锡,着色膜均匀致密,与铝基材结合良好,厚度约为10～13μm。着色试样400℃恒温1 h后表面无变化。反复将300℃的试样浸入室温下的水中,着色膜表面无变化,表明锡盐着色膜热稳定性和抗热震性良好。耐酸蚀、耐碱蚀实验表明电解着色试样的耐酸蚀、耐碱蚀性能均优于裸样。240 h中性盐雾实验后,电解着色膜的保护评级和外观评级为9级。     

Al／β-PbO2-WC-ZrO2复合电极材料的制备

研究了电镀液中固体微粒质量浓度及工艺条件对Al／β／-PbO2-WC-ZrO2复合电极材料的表面化学组成及稳态析氧极化曲线的影响规律,对工艺条件进行了优化,优化后的工艺条件如下：WC：50g／L,ZrO2浓度为50g／L,电流密度为3A／dm^2,温度：20℃,电沉积时间：2．5h．该新型电极用于锌电积可使槽电压降低,电流效率提高。     

707阴离子交换树脂吸附钽的性能及动力学研究

本文研究了707阴离子交换树脂从草酸溶液中吸附钽草酸配合物的性能和动力学。试验结果表明在[（NH4）2C2O4]=0．13mol／L、[K2S2O8]=0．024mol／L、[Ta]=8×10－5mol／L、pH=1．5～3．5条件下，钽的吸附率有最大值。测得液膜扩散控制交换速率常数B25℃=2．5×10－4s－1，液膜扩散控制交换活化能Ea=15．96kJ／mol，钽的饱和吸附容量CTa=182．4mg／g干树脂。     

废杂铜氨性蚀刻溶铜工艺研究

研究了在CuCl2-N H3-N H4 Cl和CuCl2-CuSO4-N H3-N H4 Cl体系中蚀刻废杂铜,考察了蚀刻液组成、铜氨溶液中初始离子质量浓度、温度、溶液流动状态、蚀刻液 pH 等因素对铜溶解速率的影响。结果表明：CuCl2-NH3-NH4Cl体系中,在铜质量浓度120～165 g/L、氯质量浓度150～200 g/L、pH 8．0～8．5、温度45℃、强化流动条件下,废杂铜的蚀刻速率为0．25 g/（min · L ）;CuCl2-CuSO4-N H3-N H4 Cl体系中,在铜质量浓度35～75 g/L、氯质量浓度35～80 g/L、p H 10．0～11．0、温度45℃、强化流动条件下,废杂铜的蚀刻速率为0．33 g/（min · L ）。     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

材料科学技术转型发展与钢铁创新基础设施的建设

摘要：在第4次工业革命浪潮的推动下,钢铁科学与技术正在经历数字化、智能化转型。钢铁行业全流程各工序均为“黑箱”,为多场、多相、多变的巨系统,具有复杂相关关系和遗传效应等。这些不确定性带来了巨大的挑战。挑战和机遇并存。这些不确定性提供了智能化和数字化技术的应用场景资源;钢铁行业极为丰富的大数据提供了挖掘其中蕴含客观规律的数据资源;现代的数据科学、智能技术为解决不确定性问题提供了强大的手段。以数据为中心,以工业互联网为载体,以实验工具、数字数据、计算工具为支撑,建设钢铁企业材料创新基础设施,将可以大幅度提高研发效率,降低研发成本,有力地支撑钢铁材料科学与技术的转型发展。实验工具平台除了传统的实验室仪器装备和中试装备之外,实际生产线被作为主要的实验工具。这些实验工具提供丰富、精准、写实的历史数据和现实生产数据,特别是生产线装备提供实际生产大数据,蕴含着生产过程中的全部规律,是极宝贵的数据资源。利用机器学习、深度学习等现代数据挖掘技术为计算工具,对这些数据资源进行处理、分析、计算,将数据转换为高保真度模型,可以得到具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生。在工业互联网的总体架构下,以数字孪生为核心,组成信息物理系统,构建起基于数据自动流动的状态感知、实时分析、科学决策、精准执行的闭环赋能体系,解决生产制造、应用服务过程中的复杂性和不确定性问题,提高资源配置效率,实现资源优化,对材料行业转型发展提供关键技术支撑。虚实映射、实时交互、精准控制的信息物理系统与材料创新基础设施合二为一,以材料创新基础设施为基盘,形成具有“原位分析能力”的数字孪生,建设钢铁生产全流程、一体化的信息物理系统,必将推进钢铁行业智能制造蓬勃开展和数字化、智能化转型。     

Daydreaming and curiosity in gifted and average children and adolescents.

307 gifted (CA 10–16 yrs; mean IQ 138.8) and 192 age-matched average Ss (IQ 100.8) completed the Imaginal Processes Inventory, the Children's Reactive Curiosity Scale, and the Academic Curiosity Scale. Demographic and IQ data were obtained from Ss' school records. Factor analysis of the data resulted in factors indicative of individual difference dimensions in daydreaming content and curiosity independent of demographic and IQ factors. Analyses of factor scores by grade level revealed decreasing linear trends over grade on the Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming factor in both groups. Increasing trends over grade level were found for the Curiosity and Positive-Constructive Daydreaming factors in the gifted group. Average Ss showed a developmental decline in curiosity. Compared to average Ss, gifted Ss had higher Curiosity factor scores, lower Guilt and Fear of Failure Daydreaming scores, and higher scores on the Intelligence and Family Enrichment factor. The validity of the distinction between intellectual power and intellectual styles and the development of intellectual styles are discussed. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Praise and Blame and Robinson.

Daniel Robinson suggests that much of the civil and criminal law "serves as the institutionalized form of praise and blame". Indeed it does. Pulling at this thread of Robinson's tapestry leads the reader straightaway to a host of truths about how law and morality not only intersect, but work together in harmony. "[L]aw", Robinson says, is a "vivid expression of deeper and impenetrably complex moral theories". This essay explores several of these harmonies, but focuses on two. One is that political society must be seen as the cooperation of free persons according to law, which persons hold common moral understandings. The second has to do with retribution as the moral justifying aim of punishing criminals. The author goes beyond Robinson's limited praise of retribution, and shows that some central features of our practice of punishment are understandable only within the retributive framework. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

IQ and ego-resiliency: Conceptual and empirical connections and separateness.

The constructs of intelligence and ego-resiliency are discussed. The personality implications of "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were identified. Intelligence (IQ) was indexed by the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS—R) and ego-resiliency by an inventory scale. Residual scores measuring "pure intelligence" and "pure ego-resilience" were correlated with the items of the observer based California Q-sort, used to describe participants. Persons relatively high on ego-resilience tend to be more competent and comfortable in the "fuzzier" interpersonal world; persons defined primarily by raw IQ tend to be effective in the "clearer" world of structured work but tend also to be uneasy with affect and less able to realize satisfying human connections. Gender differences exist in the relations of ego-resilience and intelligence and in their adaptive relevance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)