电池用铝合金阳极材料研究的新进展

铝阳极正朝着电位更负、利用率更高以及抗铝中杂质干扰的方向发展。从铝电池阳极的活化机理、添加的合金元素以及电解液、缓蚀剂对阳极性能的影响等方面，综述了国内外电池用铝合金阳极材料研究的应用概况和新进展。     

Mg-Al-Pb-Ga-Y海水电池用镁阳极的 成分优化和电化学性能

采用熔炼法制备了一系列Mg-Al-Pb-Ga-0.9Y海水电池用镁合金阳极材料.利用金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）和电化学测试等方法研究了Pb、Ga元素对合金组织和电化学性能的影响.结果表明, 合金的放电电压随Pb含量增加而提高. Pb含量（指质量分数，下同）为5%且Ga的添加量为1%时, 对放电电压的提升效果达到最优，合金在20 mA/cm2和100 mA/cm2电流密度下放电均有较大的放电电压.成分为Mg-3Al-5Pb-1Ga-0.9Y的镁阳极具有更优异的综合性能, 其放电电位最负, 在电流密度为20 mA/cm2和100 mA/cm2下的工作电位分别为-1.723 V和-1.680 V；合金的自腐蚀速率较低, 腐蚀电流密度为5.1164×10-5 A/cm2.      

电池用含稀土铝合金阳极性能的研究

通过向 99.99%的纯铝中添加稀土及其它一些合金元素 ,如Ga,In ,Mg ,Sn ,Zn等 ,制得一系列含稀土的合金。在 2 5℃ ,4mol·L- 1 的KOH溶液中测定了它们的开路电位、自腐蚀速度与电化学性能。结果表明 :稀土元素能显著提高铝合金的抗腐蚀能力和阳极效率 ,Al 5Zn 0 0 1 5In 0 .1Sn 1Mg 0 .3RE具有较好的综合性能。     

变电站设备用铝合金在模拟沿海工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为研究

研究了变电站设备用Al-Mg合金、Al-Mg-Mn合金、Al-Cu-Mg-Mn合金及镀Ag铝合金材料在模拟沿海工业大气环境中的腐蚀行为,采用失重法、SEM、EDS和电化学分析等方法对合金的腐蚀行为进行了分析。研究结果表明,实验合金在腐蚀初期以点蚀为主;腐蚀产物的堆积会不同程度地减缓合金腐蚀过程。Al-Mg合金的耐蚀性能最好,Al-Cu-Mg-Mn合金的耐蚀性能最差,镀Ag处理Al-Cu-Mg-Mn合金的腐蚀速率显著下降,耐蚀性大幅提高。Ag镀层相对Al基体属阴极性镀层,当镀层因腐蚀产生破损后会使合金的腐蚀速率迅速增加。     

铝/空气电池用铝阳极的研究

研究了铝／空气电池用铝阳极中添加合金元素的作用,镓,铟,铋,锡能增大阳极的开路电压,镁,铋钪可增大阳极的抗性。以高纯铝为基体制得的两种铝阳极合金Ａ１,Ａ２基本上达到了碱性铝／空气电池的要求。以普通铝为基体制得的铝合金Ａ３作为铝阳极,其电化学性能良好。     

Mn对海水激活电池用AP65镁合金阳极材料电化学性能的影响

采用熔炼铸造法制备添加Mn的AP65镁合金阳极材料,并结合电化学方法、化学浸泡法和观察腐蚀表面形貌的方法研究AP65阳极在3.5%NaCl溶液中的放电行为和腐蚀行为.结果表明,Mn能细化AP65阳极的晶粒并减小其自腐蚀速率.添加Mn的AP65镁合金阳极与未添加Mn的相比能提供更负的放电电位.在AP65阳极中均匀分布的Al-Mn颗粒能作为活性点,加速放电过程中镁基体的阳极溶解并促进腐蚀产物膜的剥落,表明添加Mn能提高AP65阳极材料的电化学性能.     

Mn对海水激活电池用AP65镁合金阳极材料电化学性能的影响

采用熔炼铸造法制备添加Mn的AP65镁合金阳极材料,并结合电化学方法、化学浸泡法和观察腐蚀表面形貌的方法研究AP65阳极在3.5%NaCl溶液中的放电行为和腐蚀行为.结果表明,Mn能细化AP65阳极的晶粒并减小其自腐蚀速率.添加Mn的AP65镁合金阳极与未添加Mn的相比能提供更负的放电电位.在AP65阳极中均匀分布的Al-Mn颗粒能作为活性点,加速放电过程中镁基体的阳极溶解并促进腐蚀产物膜的剥落,表明添加Mn能提高AP65阳极材料的电化学性能.     

锡含量对铅钙锡惰性阳极耐蚀性能的影响

利用线性电位扫描法(LSV)、循环伏安法(CV)和塔菲尔曲线(Tafel)对不同锡含量的铅钙锡合金阳极在铜电解沉积360h后进行电化学分析,并结合失重法测定合金的阳极腐蚀速率。结果表明,铅钙锡合金阳极的耐蚀性能随着锡含量的增加而提高。     

微量铟对稀土铝黄铜腐蚀性能影响

利用失重法、x射线衍射、电化学测试、扫描电镜等手段对比分析研究了含铟和不含铟的铈铝黄铜耐蚀性能。结果表明：铈铝黄铜的平均腐蚀速率为7．3×10^-3mm／a，添加In后能大幅度提高极化电阻，减小腐蚀电流，合金耐腐蚀性能进一步得到提高，新型铟铈铝黄铜的腐蚀速率为6．7×10^-3mm／a。     

Ti-75合金在人工唾液中的腐蚀性实验研究

选择生物材料,在考虑该材料的生物相容性的同时,还要测试该材料在应用环境中的腐蚀性.为探讨Ti-75作为口腔修复材料的可能性,进行了腐蚀性研究.实验是在351型电化学腐蚀系统上进行的,以人工唾液为电解质,测试了Ti-75、TC4、TA2三种软材和临床常用的钴铬合金、镍铬合金的腐蚀性能.结果表明,钛材的自腐蚀电位(Ecoor)高于钴铬合金和镍铬合金,而两种钛合金又高于纯钛,因此,从Ecoor值来看,五种材料的耐蚀顺序应为两种钛合金,纯钛.钴铬合金,镍铬合金.从阳极极化曲线看,当电位升到0.23V时,三种钛材的电流基本不再增加,即进入稳态钝化状态.而且电位从0.23V升到1.2V时,仍处于钝化区,未发现过钝化现象.阳极极化     

Nd对Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响

研究稀土Nd对均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金组织、力学性能及腐蚀行为的影响.通过真空感应熔炼制备镁锂合金铸锭, 经均匀化处理(280 ℃, 24 h)得到均匀化态Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-xNd-0.2Zr(x=0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5)合金.采用XRD和SEM分析合金的显微组织, 并对合金进行拉伸试验和断口分析.采用电化学法和析氢失重法研究合金在3.5 %NaCl溶液中的腐蚀行为.结果表明:Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金主要含有β-Li、AlLi、MgLi₂Al相, Nd的加入使合金中形成NdAl3相.随着Nd含量的增加, 合金的强度和塑性呈先增大后降低的趋势. Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-1Nd-0.2Zr合金表现出较优的力学性能, 其抗拉强度和延伸率相对于Mg-11Li-3Al-2Zn-0.2Zr合金分别提高了28.8 %和51.3 %.稀土Nd的添加使合金的耐蚀性能提高.      

Microstructure,Intermetallic Phases,and Fractography of the Cast Al-5.8Zn-2.2Mg-2.5Cu Alloy by Controlled Diffusion Solidification

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - The cast specimens for this study were prepared with a final composition of Al-5.8Zn-2.2Mg-2.5Cu alloy by using a relatively new casting process that is...     

固溶时效处理对Al-6.6Zn-2.3Mg-2.1Cu-0.12Zr合金组织性能的影响

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、X射线衍射、硬度测试、电导率测试和室温拉伸性能测试等分析手段,研究了Al-6.6Zn-2.3Mg-2.1Cu-0.12Zr合金挤压板带固溶、单级时效和双级时效制度下的组织和性能。研究表明,Al-6.6Zn-2.3Mg-2.1Cu-0.12Zr合金挤压板带采用475℃/2 h的固溶处理制度,析出相回溶充分,无过烧现象;合金采用475℃/2 h+120℃/24 h的T6时效处理制度,晶内析出相细小弥散,晶界析出相连续分布;合金采用475℃/2 h+110℃/8 h+160℃/28 h的T74双级固溶时效处理制度,晶内析出相以η’和η为主,晶界析出物完全断开。     

Microstructures and Properties of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr Alloys with Minor Scandium

The microstructures of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr al- loys with minor Sc were studied by using optical microscope（OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM）. The tensile mechanical properties and electric conductivity of the studied alloys under different treatment conditions were tested. The results show that adding minor Sc can greatly fines the grain size of the Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr alloy ingots and obviously improves the tensile properties and electric conductivity of the alloys. The strengthening mechanism is considered as fine grain strengthening, sub-structure strengthening and dispersion strengthening by Al3 （Sc, Zr）.     

Strain-Rate Sensitivity,Tension-Compression Asymmetry,r-Ratio,Twinning, and Texture Evolution of a Rolled Magnesium Alloy Mg-1.3Zn-0.4Ca-0.4Mn

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - In this work, the deformation response, texture evolution, and twinning development of a magnesium (Mg) alloy, Mg-1.3Zn-0.4Ca-0.4Mn, for biocompatible...     

Tensile behavior of friction-stir-welded AZ31-H24 Mg alloy

In the present study, tensile behavior of friction-stir-welded AZ31 (Mg-3.6Al-1Zn-0.6Mn in wt pct)-H24 Mg alloy was investigated. It was found that the tensile property, particularly tensile elongation, of AZ31-H24 alloy was significantly degraded with friction stir welding (FSW). The tensile fracture always occurred at the boundary between the thermomechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and the stir zone (SZ) on the advancing side. The fractographic examination on the tensile-fractured AZ31-H24 alloy specimen showed a mixed mode of cleavage and dimpled rupture. The AES analysis suggested that the significant reduction in tensile elongation of friction-stir-welded AZ31-H24 Mg alloy was attributable to the entrapped oxides along the boundary between the TMAZ and SZ.     

微量元素对Al-1.2Mg-1.3Si-0.6Cu-0.3Mn铝合金组织性能的影响

The effects of impurity element of Fe and microelements of Zn, Cr and Ti on the constituents,dispersoids, grain size, mechanical properties and formability of Al-1.3Mg-1.2Si-0. 6Cu-0. 3Mn alloy were investigated in the present work by analyzing microstructures, phase composition, mechanical tests. The resuits indicated that with the increase of Fe content, the insoluble constituents increased, and the mechanical properties and r15 of alloy sheets debased, which can be recovered by the addition of microelements Zn, Cr and Ti. Al-1.3Mg-1.2Si-0. 6Cu-0. 3Mn alloy sheets in the T4 temper are difficult to strengthen with paint -bake treatment in automobile factory.     

Effects of yttrium on recrystallization and grain growth of Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr alloy

Recrystallization and grain growth in Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr and Mg-4.9Zn-0.9Y-0.7Zr alloys as a function of temperature on deformation were investigated with regards to hot rolling and annealing. The influence of yttrium addition on the microstructure was examined by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM）. The results indicated that yttrium addition promoted nucleation of recrystallization during hot rolling process. The grain size of Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr alloy samples grew significantly with annealing temperature （300-400 ℃） and holding time （0-120 min）, while the microstructure of the alloy with yttrium addition remained unchanged and fine. The activation energy of grain boundary migration for Mg-4.9Zn-0.9Y-0.7Zr alloy samples （56.34 kJ/mol） was higher than that for Mg-4.9Zn-0.7Zr （42.66 kJ/mol） owing to the pinning effect of Y-containing particles. The proposed growth models of recrysta/lized grains for the two studied alloys conformed well to E. Robert＇s grain-growth equation. Besides, the ultimate strength and yield strength of the alloys with yttrium addition were improved with good plasticity.     

Effect of microelements on microstructures and properties of Al-1. 2Mg-1. 3Si-0. 6Cu-0. 3Mn alloy

In order to save energy and protect environmentin automobile industry, one of the important methodsis to reduce the automotive weight[1 ～4]. Since the a-luminum alloys showsuch as high specific strength,good formability, good corrosion resistance, and re-cycling potential, they are said to be the ideal candi-date to replace heavier materials in the automotiveindustry[5 ～7].Recently, the heat -treatable 6000series aluminum alloys have been considered as theperfect light-weight material for au…     

时效工艺对Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金性能的影响

Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金自然时效的速度慢,且不稳定,故一般不在自然时效状态下应用.为了获得更高的强度、较好的抗蚀性、较低的疲劳裂纹扩展速度以及性能的稳定,该系合金一般采用人工时效处理.热处理工艺参数主要包括固溶处理温度、固溶处理时间、时效温度、时效时间.本实验研究了时效工艺对Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金性能的影响,旨在摸索Al-11Zn-2.4Mg-1.1Cu-0.15Zr铝合金的合理热处理工艺.