锰渣微粉-石灰石粉掺合料对混凝土耐久性的影响

为合理利用水淬锰渣研究了40％的锰渣微粉及10％的石灰石粉作为掺和料对C30混凝土化学侵蚀性能的影响.实验选用了力学强度和坍落度较好的锰渣微粉-石灰石粉混凝土与基准普通混凝土参照美国ASTM C1012标准,进行混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀和抗海水侵蚀干湿循环试验研究.研究证明：在海水侵蚀环境下,锰渣微粉-石灰石粉混凝土的抗折、抗压强度保持率高于基准普通混凝土,强度提高,质量增加率大于基准普通混凝土,抗海水侵蚀能力增强.     

改性聚酯纤维在混凝土中的分散性及对耐久性的影响

制备了不同纤维掺量的改性聚酯纤维混凝土，通过纤维分散的图像处理方法研究五种不同搅拌方式对改性聚酯纤维在混凝土中分散性能的影响，并通过耐久性试验研究改性聚酯纤维混凝土的抗碳化、抗氯盐侵蚀和抗冻性能.结果表明，图像处理方法能够较好地评价改性聚酯纤维混凝土中的纤维分散性，认为“砂石胶材60S+水60S+纤维60S”的搅拌方式得到的纤维分散性最好，与肉眼观察的效果一致.掺加改性聚酯纤维能够提高混凝土的抗压强度，掺量为1.1kg·m-3时提高强度14%左右，继续增大纤维掺量不能持续提升强度.改性聚酯纤维在混凝土中的密集分布能够削弱CO₂的扩散，降低混凝土的碳化速率12.6%～18.9%，纤维掺量越多，抗碳化能力越好.掺加改性聚酯纤维能够降低混凝土的氯离子扩散系数，提高其抗氯离子侵蚀能力.改性聚酯纤维还能有效减少冻融循环过程中表层材料的剥落，大大改善混凝土的抗冻性.      

Research on water-holding and cooling concrete design method and its performance

将水泥、粉煤灰和磨细高炉矿渣作为保水材料灌注于多孔水泥混凝土母体中,形成具有保水降温功能的铺面材料。分别提供了多孔水泥混凝土母体和保水材料的设计方法,并成型试件对保水铺面水泥混凝土材料的强度、降温效果和抗冻性进行了测试。实验结果表明设计的多孔水泥混凝土母体和保水材料均满足施工和功能要求,成型的保水降温功能水泥混凝土试件28d抗压强度和抗折强度分别能够达到27.7和38.2MPa;在最高气温为33℃的测试条件下,其表面最高温度比普通水泥混凝土降温7℃左右,但随着水分的减少降温效果变差;此外,冻融后保水降温水泥混凝土抗压强度会下降,但不明显。     

混凝土硫酸盐腐蚀损伤的声波与声发射变化特征及机理

试验模拟干湿循环作用下混凝土受10%(质量分数)硫酸钠溶液侵蚀的腐蚀环境,测试和分析硫酸盐不同侵蚀时期混凝土单轴压缩试验时波速和声发射的变化特征.采用环境扫描电镜和能谱仪进行微观观测并结合X射线衍射测试手段分析受蚀混凝土的损伤机理.结果表明:受侵蚀60 d和80 d的试件加载初期会有较明显的压密阶段,试件受硫酸盐侵蚀和干湿循环作用愈久,加载中波速急剧下降的突变点愈提前;受蚀40 d以上的试件加载中声发射事件活跃区间较集中,在腐蚀产生的缺陷和薄弱位置容易出现应力集中和能量集中释放,声发射事件数量急剧上升的突变点提前.通过数学模型以声发射累积振铃计数为损伤变量建立损伤模型可以表征混凝土中环境腐蚀、荷载及损伤之间的作用关系.腐蚀阶段钙矾石与石膏的膨胀作用和硫酸钠的结晶压在试件内部形成微破损,受蚀混凝土表现出不同宏观性能.      

高钛重矿渣再生混凝土耐久性试验研究

将再生高钛重矿渣粗、细骨料按50%、75%、100%的取代率取代高钛重矿渣粗、细骨料制备强度等级为C20、C25、C30的高钛重矿渣再生混凝土并测定其28 d强度,采用抗氯离子渗透试验、快速冻融试验、抗硫酸盐干湿循环侵蚀试验研究其耐久性能。试验结果表明:再生混凝土实测强度随再生骨料取代率的增大而减小,各个强度等级混凝土的实测强度均能达到设计强度,但强度富余小;再生混凝土D_(RCM)值随骨料取代率及强度等级的提高而降低,最小及最大D_(RCM)值分别为2.3×10~(-12) m~2/s和3.3×10~(-12) m~2/s,耐久性推荐水平分别为好和较好;再生混凝土抗冻性能随再生骨料取代率及强度等级的提高逐渐增强,但仅有再生骨料取代率为75%、100%的C25再生混凝土及取代率为100%的C30再生混凝土达到100次冻融循环的抗冻等级;30次硫酸盐干湿循环侵蚀对再生混凝土的强度影响很小,在同一强度等级下,再生混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能随再生骨料取代率的升高而减小,强度等级越小,减小幅度越大。     

经济型耐缝隙腐蚀钛合金

钛在海水等中性氮化物及氧化性酸环境中具有比不锈钢更好的抗点蚀和抗缝隙腐蚀能力,但纯钛用于海水淡化装置中,往往在管/管板接头处发生缝隙腐蚀,特别在温度和介质浓度比较苛刻的条件下,缝隙腐蚀更难以避免.     

高盐废水浓缩环境中的TC4钛合金腐蚀研究

从蒸汽机械压缩技术(MVR)腐蚀环境角度,模拟高盐废水浓缩液开展了TC4材料耐腐蚀性能研究,通过微观组织表征、腐蚀失重、缝隙腐蚀、电化学测试(开位电路、电化学阻抗以及动电位极化曲线测试)等腐蚀测试,证实了TC4合金的(α+β)双相钛合金,在各种高氯离子强度环境中的耐缝隙腐蚀能力较强,14d全浸试验没有出现局部点蚀,最大腐蚀速率仅1 mg/(cm2·a)左右,远低于2205双相钢在相同环境下的腐蚀情况.电化学测试结果也表明:TC4钛合金在高氯离子强度溶液中,表面形成的惰性钝化层生成迅速并保持稳定,对抑制材料表面腐蚀、缝隙腐蚀也有较明显作用.TC4合金的高温耐腐蚀性能适用于高盐废水环境,在MVR技术处理高氯含量工业污水方面有潜在应用价值.     

海水条件下矿山充填应用粉煤灰的可行性研究

三山岛金矿充填用水中Cl-、SO2-4和Mg2+等离子浓度较高,影响充填体的强度。根据海水和粉煤灰的化学成分检测结果,分析研究海水中氯盐、硫酸盐、镁盐对充填体的破坏机理以及在尾砂胶结充填中粉煤灰在活性效应、粉末效应和形态效应3个方面的作用机理。分析认为,海水成分中的硫酸盐、氯盐和海水的弱碱性成分对化学激发粉煤灰活性发挥重要作用。因此,为了提高海水条件下充填体的强度,添加粉煤灰不仅可以减少海水中相关离子对充填体强度的影响,而且海水中的部分化学成分对粉煤灰活性的激发作用可以进一步提高粉煤灰的胶凝作用。     

稀土对11%Cr铁素体不锈钢耐腐蚀性能的影响

用中性和酸性盐雾试验模拟了海洋大气中11%Cr铁素体不锈钢的腐蚀环境,测试了不同含量稀土元素对11%Cr铁素体不锈钢的抗点蚀性能,利用扫面电镜、光镜等手段对试验钢的夹杂物、蚀坑进行了研究。研究结果表明,Cl-环境对11%Cr铁素体不锈钢的耐蚀性不利;随着稀土含量的增加,不锈钢的耐点蚀性提高,这是由于稀土球化变质的作用。     

谈贫砼基层施工质量控制的要点

贫砼是由集料与一定水泥和水拌和而成的砼,其水泥用量较普通砼低,也称经济砼.与水泥稳定级配碎石、二灰碎石等常用半刚性基层材料相比,贫砼具有较高的强度,刚度、抗冲刷性和耐久性能.本文结合白音花至霍林河一级公路贫混凝土基层施工的经验,谈了贫砼基层施工质量控制的要点.     

高强钢筋在大气中的腐蚀试验研究

采用显微镜技术和腐蚀速度测量法研究S400、表面预淬火的S500、含钒的S500 3种钢筋暴露在大气中的抗腐蚀行为.同时还研究了在水泥水合作用过程中,水泥与钢筋之间的结合力对钢筋腐蚀的影响.实验结果表明,具有较高抗大气腐蚀能力的钢筋类型是含钒的S500.相反,抗腐蚀能力最小的是表面预先淬火的S500钢筋.从ESEM观测到的形貌和钢筋表面的铁锈层的厚度结果看,钢筋与混凝土之间的结合力随侵蚀时间(从45天～122天)的延长而减小.     

Corrosion of Steel Reinforcement in Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Wrapped Concrete Cylinders

The rehabilitation, repair, and strengthening of concrete structures has increased worldwide with a growing number of systems employing externally applied fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. However, the service life and effectiveness of FRP repair and strengthening techniques when applied to concrete in corrosive marine environments is still not well understood. This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the corrosion performance of embedded steel reinforcement in cylindrical reinforced concrete specimens with 13 different surface treatment options. Samples were subjected to an impressed current and a high salinity solution. Test variables included the type of epoxy, wrap fiber orientation, and the number of wrap layers. Samples were evaluated for corrosion activity by monitoring corrosion potentials and impressed current flow levels, and by examining reinforcement mass loss and concrete chloride content among samples. Test results indicated that FRP wrapped specimens had prolonged test life, decreased reinforcement mass loss, and reduced concrete chloride content. The performance of wrapped specimens was superior to that of either control samples or those coated only with epoxy. Epoxy type had a significant effect on the performance of samples regarding their resistance to corrosion. It was concluded that carbon FRP wraps were able to confine concrete, slowing deterioration from cracking and spalling and inhibiting the passage of salt water.     

Electrochemical Performance of Anthocleista djalonensis on Steel-Reinforcement Corrosion in Concrete Immersed in Saline/Marine Simulating-Environment

In this paper, electrochemical techniques were employed to study performance of different concentrations of Anthocleista djalonensis leaf-extract admixtures on the corrosion of steel-reinforcement in concrete immersed in 3.5 % NaCl, for simulating saline/marine environment. Analysed test-results showed that the corrosion rate correlated directly with admixture concentration and inversely with cube of the ratio of standard deviations of corrosion potential and corrosion current. The 0.4167 % A. djalonensis (per weight of cement) exhibited optimal inhibition efficiency, η = 97.43 ± 1.20 %, from analysed experimental data, or 94.80 ± 3.39 %, from predicted correlation model, on steel-reinforcement corrosion in the medium. The other admixture concentrations also exhibited high efficiencies at inhibiting steel-reinforcement corrosion in the chloride contaminated environment. Isotherm fittings of the experimental and predicted performance suggest that they both obeyed the Langmuir adsorption model. Evaluated parameters from the isotherm model indicated favourable adsorption and predominant chemisorption mechanism by this environmentally-friendly inhibitor of steel-reinforcement corrosion in the saline/marine simulating-environment.     

含0.23%Cr的20MnSiV高强钢筋强化机理及耐蚀性能

通过拉伸测试、金相组织观察、扫描电子显微观察及在模拟Cl^-环境和模拟工业大气环境中的72 h周浸腐蚀试验,研究了少量Cr（0.23%Cr）对20MnSiV Φ12 mm高强钢筋的微观组织、力学性能及耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,0.23%Cr的加入,晶粒得到细化,晶粒度由8.5～9.0级提高到9.0～9.5级,同时截面珠光体分布更均匀,芯部区域和表面附近区域珠光体含量差由7.24%减小到3.22%。钢中加入0.23%Cr,达到了节“V”的目的,在保证力学性能的情况下,V含量降低了约0.01%。此外,0.23% Cr钢筋在工业大气环境中耐蚀性能得到改善,但少量Cr降低了钢筋在Cl^-环境中的耐蚀性能。     

海洋工程用钛合金研究与应用现状

钛合金因其比强度高、耐海水腐蚀、耐高温等优异性能,被广泛应用于海洋工程装备领域.简要介绍了海洋服役环境的特点,综述了钛合金在海洋工程上的应用现状,并从疲劳强度、蠕变性能、焊接性能、断裂韧性等方面分析了海洋工程用钛的选材要素.俄罗斯、美国已建立完整的海洋工程装备用钛合金体系,并成功将钛合金应用于潜艇、海底管道、深潜器耐压...     

Field Evaluation of Marine Structures Containing Calcium Nitrite

A field study of corrosion of reinforcing bars in existing concrete pier structures is presented in this paper. The objective of the research was to evaluate the effectiveness of calcium nitrite for combating corrosion in marine structures. Five sites were selected for field evaluation of reinforcement corrosion in cooperation with the Harbors Division of the Hawaii Department of Transportation. The concrete for each of these sites included a calcium nitrite-based admixture as a corrosion inhibitor. Each site was tested for permeability, chloride ion concentration, half-cell potential, polarization resistance, and pH. Corrosion activity identified by half-cell potential measurements, polarization resistance measurements, and visual inspection of bars taken from cores indicated that high dosages of calcium nitrite, 19.8 to 22.3?L/m3, provided the steel with significantly greater protection than lower dosages, 12.4?L/m3. This occurred despite the fact that the sites with higher dosages were older and usually more permeable than the structures with lower dosages.     

模拟冻结法施工环境对大体积混凝土的性能影响

模拟大体积混凝土在冻结法施工环境的状态,将混凝土浇筑7 h后施加?5/60 ℃和?5/70 ℃温差,测试施加模拟环境后混凝土的超声波参数、抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、氯离子扩散系数和冲击倾向性,分析混凝土的扫描电镜微观形貌。结果表明,冻结施工环境对于混凝土内部会造成一定的损伤,且平行于加温方向的损伤要大于垂直方向,C50混凝土的损伤大于C70混凝土,温度梯度会加剧混凝土内部的损伤。模拟冻结环境会对混凝土抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、氯离子渗透性能和冲击倾向性造成不利影响,温差与性能降低率正相关,且这种影响对于低强度混凝土更加显著。模拟冻结环境造成混凝土试块的内部微观结构不均匀,低温端混凝土结构比较疏松,高温端结构比较致密,导致部分混凝土性能的降低。      

GO改性珊瑚砂水泥结石体氯离子阻滞机理研究

珊瑚砂地基远离大陆,在海洋环境下通过注浆或搅拌桩等工艺注入极少掺量氧化石墨烯（GO）的水泥浆液改善珊瑚砂地基,可以大幅提升珊瑚砂水泥结石体阻滞氯离子渗透性能。本文通过快速氯离子迁移试验（RCM方法）、扫描电镜（SEM）实验和Image-Pro Plus图像处理等,在对比分析河砂与珊瑚砂颗粒形态差异以及掺入GO前后微观结构变化规律的基础上,揭示了GO改性珊瑚砂水泥结石体阻滞氯离子渗透的作用机理。试验结果表明:颗粒棱角度高、形状不规则、多孔且含有内孔隙等原因是相同工艺条件下珊瑚砂水泥结石体阻滞氯离子渗透性远低于河砂水泥结石体的主要原因;当掺入质量分数0.02%的GO后,28 d和56 d的珊瑚砂水泥结石体阻滞氯离子渗透性能指标提升程度最高（39.43%与48.93%）,并与相同工艺条件下无添加GO的普通河砂水泥结石体指标相近;珊瑚砂水泥结石体阻滞氯离子渗透性能提升程度与GO掺量有关,两者先呈正相关而后呈负相关,0.02%质量分数为本文最佳试验掺入量;调控水泥水化产物生成规整有序的水化晶体形状,改善界面过渡区的形貌,填充内部裂纹的空间,修复孔隙的形貌特征是掺入GO影响珊瑚砂水泥结石体抗氯离子渗透性的主要原因。      

Mn对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响

研究锰元素对2205双相不锈钢耐点蚀性能的影响, 锰质量分数的变化范围为0. 93%~1. 26%.分别采用化学腐蚀法、动电位极化法研究双相不锈钢2205的耐腐蚀性能, 采用夹杂物自动分析技术研究锰对钢中夹杂物种类及数量的影响, 通过扫描电镜、能谱及夹杂物原位分析法观察化学腐蚀及电化学腐蚀前后钢中夹杂物及其周围钢基体的变化情况.采用电感耦合等离子体发光光谱测定腐蚀产物的成分.研究结果表明, 不同类型的夹杂物对耐腐蚀性能的影响不同, (Mn、Si) 氧化物以及(Mn、Si、Cr) 氧硫化物在腐蚀液中更易溶解进而促进腐蚀, 而(Cr、Mn、Al) 氧化物却很稳定.锰的加入会促进钢中(Cr、Mn、Al) 夹杂的析出, 此类夹杂物不仅自身很容易被含Cl离子的溶液腐蚀, 而且作为点蚀的起始点, 促进了点蚀坑的形成, 加快了基体腐蚀, 最终导致不锈钢耐点蚀性能的下降.      

Rehabilitation of Cracked and Corroded Reinforced Concrete Beams with Fiber-Reinforced Plastic Patches

The behavior under static loading of fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP) retrofitted reinforced concrete beams, possessing a high chloride content and rebar corrosion, was studied both experimentally and analytically. The test beams were characterized as falling into three different groups according to the state of their corrosion damage: (1) natural corrosion, (2) cathodic protection, and (3) accelerated corrosion. The load carrying capacities of the beams, with or without FRP patching, were tested in the laboratory. The experimental results show that the state of corrosion of the steel, the water/cement ratio of the concrete material, and the arrangement and the number of FRP patches all affect the strength as well as the failure mechanisms of retrofitted RC beams. Some simple analytical models and a design concept for retrofitting cracked and corroded RC beams with FRP sheets are also presented and discussed.