有限元法在板材热轧中的应用

采用弹塑性大变形热力耦合有限元法研究板材热轧过程．利用有限元理论建立了板材热轧模型；应用MSC／MARC软件进行计算，重点分析了轧制过程和变形区中轧件的温度场分布和变化、金属的流动、应力应变的变化趋势，以及轧制力的变化情况．计算结果与实际生产情况相吻合，同时表明有限元理论可以实现对板材热轧过程的数值模拟．     

Coupling Thermomechanical and Microstructural FE Analysis in Plate Rolling Process

Using three-dimensional rigid-viscoplastic finite element method （FEM）, a coupling multivariable numerical simulation model for steel plate rolling has been established based on the physical metallurgy microstructural evolution rule and experiential equations. The effects of reduction, deformation temperature, and rolling speed on the deformation parameters and microstructure in plate rolling were investigated using the model. After a typical rolling process of steel plate 16Mn is simulated, the strain, temperature, and microstructure distributions are presented, as well as the ferrite grain transformation during the period of cooling. By comparing the calculated ferrite grain sizes with measured ones, the model is validated.     

特厚板厚度方向形变传递规律的仿真分析

 基于Gleeble热压缩试验、有限元方法对一种HSLA钢特厚板轧制过程中厚度方向变形向心部传递的规律进行了仿真研究。首次从有限元角度定量揭示出特厚板生产中高温、低速、大压下量的轧制规范机理。仿真所用材料本构模型由Gleeble试验数据结合Arrhenius方程所构建，研究了轧制速度、压下量、轧制温度以及板坯厚度对特厚板厚度方向应变分布的影响规律。结果表明，轧制速度小于1 m/s时（平均应变速率小于 0.33 s－1），有利于变形向钢板心部传递，削弱截面效应；压下量越大，钢板等效应变越大，且厚度方向最大等效应变出现的位置向心部偏移；轧制温度对等效应变的分布影响不显著，但是高温轧制有利于减小轧机负荷；板坯越厚，变形分布不均匀性越显著。当板坯厚度为500 mm时，截面的最大、最小等效应变差达到0.2。生产中，在设备允许的情况下，建议特厚板的轧制采用高温、低速、大压下量规范。     

高强度钢板热轧应变分布的计算和模拟

本文基于大变形弹塑性原理，采用隐式静态有限元法分析了压下量和轧制温度对高强度钢Q500D板材热轧应变分布的影响，得到了在不同压下量和轧制温度下塑性应变的分布规律，并将计算结果与实际热轧试验所得的数据进行了比较，相当吻合，证明此种模拟方法对于制定轧制工艺具有一定的指导意义。     

Finite Element Simulation of Hot Strip Continuous Rolling Process Coupling Microstructural Evolution

 Using the nonlinear rigid viscoplastic finite element method (FEM), a finite element simulation of the hot strip continuous rolling process was done, which completely integrates different phenomena such as the metallurgical behavior of the strip and the thermo mechanics in the strip based on the physical metallurgical microstructural evolution law. By combining with the process parameters of certain 2 050 mm hot strip rolling, an actual rolling process of low carbon steel SS400 was simulated using the FEM model. Based on the simulation results, the distributions of the strain field, the temperature field, and the microstructure were presented. Meanwhile, the simulated rolling force, temperature, and microstructure are in good agreement with the measured results.     

含铌HSLA钢板带热连轧过程非均匀应变的数值研究

 利用ANSYS/LS DYNA建立了板带轧制过程的三维热力耦合有限元模型,通过有限元模型探讨了轧件入口厚度、轧件温度、工作辊直径、压下率和化学成分中的铌含量对变形区应变分布的影响。模拟结果表明,这些因素都不同程度地影响轧件厚度方向的应变分布,对于试算的CSP流程,适量增加铸坯厚度,并在较靠前的机架分配较大的压下量有利于提高轧制过程的应变均匀性。     

铝合金超厚板热轧过程温度场模拟

根据热模拟试验所获得的实验数据,在MARC软件中建立试验铝合金的材料数据库。采用二维弹塑性大变形有限元法,对铝合金超厚板热轧过程进行了数值模拟,分析了热轧过程中轧件温度场的分布和变化规律。模拟结果表明,在整个轧制过程中,轧件内部节点的温度变化缓慢,而表面节点的温度变化较为剧烈。计算的板坯表面温度与实测的表面温度吻合较好,表明该模型可以用来模拟中厚板轧制过程中的温度变化。     

中厚板轧制过程的有限元仿真研究

本文采用了MSC MARC2005有限元分析软件包建立了中厚板轧制的有限元仿真模型,通过接触分析的方法对中厚板的轧制过程进行了三维模拟仿真,并对不同压下量轧件轧后变形及应力分布做了分析,结果表明与实际轧制参数基本一致。     

3D Thermo-mechanical Coupled Simulation of Whole Rolling Process for 60kg/m Heavy Rail

3D thermo-meehanical coupled simulation of whole rolling process for 60 kg/m heavy rail was accomplished by FEM method. The finite element model, physical parameters of U75V and parameter setting of simulation were introduced in detail. The whole rolling process of 60 kg/m heavy rail was divided into 27 time cells to simulate respectively, and the model rebuilding and temperature inheritance method in intermediate pass were proceeded. Then, based on simulation results, the workpiece deformation result, metal flow, stress and strain of 60 kg/m heavy rail for typical passes were obtained. The temperature variation curves of whole rolling process for section key points of 60 kg/m heavy rail were plotted, and the temperature falling law of whole rolling process for 60 kg/m heavy rail was studied. In addition, temperature distribution of 60 kg/m heavy rail after whole rolling process was analyzed, and the results showed that temperature was highest at center of rail head and lowest at fringe of rail base. Moreover, the simulation results and measured results of rolling force for 60 kg/m heavy rail were compared, and the regularity was in good agreement.     

带高压水除鳞换热的带钢粗轧过程温度场数值模拟

热带钢在轧制前通常需用高压水去除氧化铁皮。随着高压水对带钢表面冲击强度的增加,除鳞效果明显增强,带钢的温度也显著降低。影响带钢温度变化的因素复杂多变,其中尤以高压水的影响较显著,因此研究带钢在高压水除鳞过程中的温度场分布,对于了解带钢粗轧过程中的温度变化、合理制定后续精轧工艺非常必要。笔者将有限元数值解法与实验结果相结合,研究了高压水冲击强度与带钢换热系数之间的对应关系,得出了换热系数计算模型。将该模型应用于宝山钢铁集团公司2050mm热带钢粗轧机组进行模拟计算。结果表明模拟值与现场实测值吻合良好。     

高速线材生产过程组织性能预测模型仿真

 采用计算机对高速线材生产过程进行模拟，开发出具有较高准确度同时具有对不同轧制工艺有较好通用性的高线生产仿真系统。利用有限元方法计算了线材在待轧、轧制、水冷及风冷过程的温度场；通过对再结晶动力学模型的解析，得到了静态再结晶、动态再结晶的分数以及奥氏体晶粒在轧制过程中的变化情况；通过组织演变模型和温度模型的耦合计算，模拟出斯太尔摩风冷线上线材的组织变化过程；建立了利用初始化学成分和组织组成预测高线产品力学性能的BP神经网络模型，通过生产过程数据的训练，实现了对线材力学性能的预测。仿真计算的结果对线材控轧、控冷工艺的改进有一定的指导意义。     

Theoretical and Experimental Research on the Rolling Force in Rail Hot Rolling by Universal Mill

 In rail rolling by universal mill, a simplified 3-dimention theoretical model has been built firstly. The kinematically admissible velocity field of the web, head and base of rail have been determined respectively, moreover the corresponding strain rate field and the strength of shear strain rate have been also obtained. Then the plastic deformation power of corresponding deformation zone, the powers consumed on the velocity discontinuity surface and the powers generated for backward slip and forward slip have been proposed. According to the upper-bound method, the roll force of horizontal roll and two vertical rolls can be obtained. Moreover, The process of 18kg/m light rail and 60kg/m heavy rail universal rolling have been simulated by rigid-plastic FEM(finite element method) for verifying the theoretical model. And the universal rolling experiments of 18kg/m light rail has been accomplished in Yanshan University Rolling Laboratory. Compared the results of numerical simulation and the experimental data, the roll force from upper-bound method is somewhat greater than experimental data but in general do not exceed them by 20 percent. So, it is reliable and feasible to preset and optimize the parameter of rolling technology according to the upper-bound method.     

模拟热轧板带三维变形的条层法及仿真实例

提出一种模拟板带轧制过程三维变形的新的数值方法———条层法。首先沿高向将变形区均匀地划分为若干层 ,然后再沿着金属的流动轨迹将变形区内的每层带材划分为若干流线条元 ,为了方便分析和计算 ,又将流线条元映射为矩形条元。横向位移的纵向分布被构造为四次曲线 ,横向分布用三次样条插值函数表示 ,高向分布用二次曲线拟合。根据塑性力学流动理论 ,分析推导了变形区三维变形和应力的数学模型。与本文作者曾经提出的流线条元法相比 ,考虑了应力与变形沿高向的不均匀分布 ,实现了精确的三维分析和计算。关于热带钢连轧和厚板轧制的仿真实例表明 ,提出的方法和模型符合实际 ,为板带轧制过程的三维力学仿真提供了一个新的实用工程数值方法。     

Micro‐scale Strain Distribution in Hot‐worked Duplex Stainless Steel

A modified microgrid technique has been applied to a laboratory‐made duplex stainless steel, to experimentally simulate the local state of deformation of the austenite‐ferrite microstructure of low‐alloy steels subject to intercritical deformation. A sample containing such a microgrid was deformed by plane strain compression at high temperature under conditions representative of hot rolling processes. The distortion of the microgrid after hot deformation revealed, in a quantifiable manner, the plastic flow of both phases and different deformation features. The micro‐strain distributions measured can be used to validate the models predicting the hot deformation of low alloyed C‐Mn steels during intercritical rolling.     

Analysis on Shear Deformation for High Manganese Austenite Steel during Hot Asymmetrical Rolling Process Using Finite Element Method

Based on the rigid-plastic finite element method(FEM), the shear stress field of deformation region for high manganese austenite steel during hot asymmetrical rolling process was analyzed. The influences of rolling parameters, such as the velocity ratio of upper to lower rolls, the initial temperature of workpiece and the reduction rate, on the shear deformation of three nodes in the upper, center and lower layers were discussed. As the rolling parameters change, distinct shear deformation appears in the upper and lower layers, but the shear deformation in the center layer appears only when the velocity ratio is more than 1.00, and the absolute value of the shear stress in this layer is changed with rolling parameters. A mathematical model which reflected the change of the maximal absolute shear stress for the center layer was established, by which the maximal absolute shear stress for the center layer can be easily calculated and the appropriate rolling technology can be designed.     

热变形制度对09CuPTiRE钢热变形组织行为的影响

通过热模拟试验和金相组织观察，具体研究了变形温度、平均应变速率和道次间隔时间对09CuPTiRE钢的热变形组织行为及其常温组织状态的影响。结果表明：变形温度的影响最大，动态再结晶的发生程度随其降低而减小；平均应变速率和道次间隔时间的影响相对较小，随着平均应变速率增加，动态再结晶的发生程度减小，静态再结晶的软化效果减弱；随着道次间隔时间延长，静态再结晶发生更加充分。     

平面应变压缩金属流变规律及影响因素分析

 平面应变热模拟技术是塑性加工领域广泛应用的一种实验室模拟技术,现被广泛应用于测量金属的变形抗力以及金属的流动状态,是热轧过程模拟的最好的方法。为了全面研究平面应变技术,采用理论分析、数值模拟以及物理模拟的方法,系统分析了刚端、摩擦、试样尺寸以及对中性对平面应变过程中的应力状态以及金属流动的影响。研究结果显示各因素对金属流动以及实验结果的准确性有较大影响。     

加工条件对管线钢组织影响的实验研究

管线钢的最终组织和性能与控轧工艺以及加速冷却直接相关。采用一种新型的模拟轧制过程设备来研究X70级别管线钢在热变形冷却后的组织；设计了一系列的平面应变压缩实验来模拟板带轧制过程参数特别是精轧温度和冷却速率对最终组织的影响。采用恒定的变形速度70 s-1以及恒定的道次间隙时间，在850、900、950 ℃温度下的单道次和多道次压缩变形，随后研究2种不同冷却速率（3 ℃/s，6 ℃/s）获得的最终微观组织。观察发现，对于950、900、850 ℃的变温变形，出现了严重的混晶现象，而850 ℃下进行的3次压缩试样在6 ℃/s冷却到660 ℃后铁素体晶粒尺寸达到4.3 μm。     

中 厚 板 轧 制 过 程 的 数 值 模 拟

 基于LS DYNA仿真软件,采用显式算法和隐式算法相结合的方法,对中厚板轧制过程的热力耦合有限元模拟进行了研究。通过仿真,得到了中厚板的应力场、应变场及温度场的分布。根据分析可知轧件表面温度在轧制过程中有所上升,轧件内部到表面形成明显的温度梯度。轧件头部变形较剧烈,在轧制后外端存在明显的预应力区。模拟结果与实测结果比较一致,表明了该数值仿真方法的可靠性。     

Evaluation of Strain Hardening Parameters

The plane-strain compression test for three kinds of materials was carried out in atemperature range between room temperature and 400 ~C. The a- e curves and strain-hardeningrate at different temperatures were simulated and a reasonable fit to the experimental data wasobtained. A modified model created by data inference and computer simulation was developed todescribe the strain hardening at a large deformation, and the predicted strain hardening are in agood agreement with that observed in a large range of stress. The influences of different param-eters on strain hardening behaviour under large deformation were analysed. The temperatureincrease within the test temperatures for stainless steel 18/8 Ti results in dropping of flowstress and strain-hardening rate. For favourable r-fibre texture to obtain high r, the cold roll-ing was applied at large reduction. In the experimental procedure, the X-ray diffraction test wascarried out to compare the strain hardening and microstructure under large deformation for abcc steel (low carbon steel SS-1142). The results indicate that the high strain-hardening ratepossibly occurs when the primary slip plane {110} is parallel to the rolling plane and the strain-hardening rate decreases when lots of {110} plane rotate out from the orientation {110}//RP.