ML35冷镦钢炼钢生产实践

针对昆明钢铁股份有限公司炼钢厂生产冷镦钢ML35初期存在的铸坯中心等轴晶率不发达、中心缩孔、中心偏析明显,钢中AlS含量控制不稳定、连铸中间包水口结瘤频繁等质量、技术问题,通过分析原因,并优化结晶器电磁搅拌等连铸参数,提高了铸坯中心等轴晶率,改善了铸坯中心缩孔、中心偏析等质量问题;采取三步控制法,稳定了钢中AlS含量;合适的钙处理工艺及加强连铸保护浇注,解决了连铸中包水口结瘤堵塞的难题,提高了单中包连浇炉数,稳定了ML35的生产。     

结晶器电磁搅拌对60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢凝固组织与中心偏析的影响

针对某厂60Si2CrVAT弹簧钢小方坯连铸坯存在的中心等轴晶率低以及比较严重的中心碳偏析等质量问题,系统研究了不同电磁搅拌工艺参数对断面150mm×150mm结晶器内磁场特性的影响,并通过工业试验研究了结晶器电磁搅拌(M-MES)电流和频率对宏观凝固组织和铸坯碳偏析的影响。研究结果表明:结晶器电磁搅拌(M-MES)电流增大,中心等轴晶率提高,铸坯中心碳偏析减小;搅拌频率对等轴晶率和铸坯中心碳偏析的影响呈非线性;优化最佳匹配的电磁搅拌电流和频率分别为340A和3.5Hz时,中心等轴晶率从21%增加到33%,中心碳偏析指数从1.22降低到1.05,消除了中心缩孔,铸坯内部质量有明显的改善。     

旋流水口浇铸技术在大方坯连铸的应用研究

针对宝钢集团广东韶关钢铁有限公司铸坯等轴晶比例不能满足产品质量要求的问题,通过建立热流体动力学耦合数学模型,研究了旋流水口浇铸技术对大方坯连铸结晶器冶金性能的影响。结果表明,在相同浇铸过热度(均为25℃)工况下,结晶器出口中心处钢液过热度可降低10.62℃。应用实践表明,由于旋流水口的旋流与分离作用,渣对水口的侵蚀范围小、程度轻、钢液液面也更稳定、波动距离最小,具有良好的浇铸性能;采用旋流水口替换常规直通水口后,铸坯中心偏析等级由1.5降至0.5,中心疏松由1.5降至1.0,中心缩孔由1.0降至0.5,中心裂纹基本消失,等轴晶率由12.6%提高至36.8%;在使用M-EMS的情况下,采用旋流水口替换常规直通水口后,铸坯等轴晶率由39.7%提高至41.2%;另外,旋流水口对浇铸钢液的离心分离与搅拌作用可进一步提升M-EMS的冶金性能,减小C偏析指数的波动范围。     

Φ270 mm圆坯末端电磁搅拌工艺的研究

试验分析了不同凝固末端电磁搅拌(F-EMS)参数对Φ270 mm断面铸坯中心等轴晶比率和碳偏析指数等的影响。结果表明,连铸中碳钢时,末端电磁搅拌参数采用300 A/10Hz,可使铸坯中心等轴晶率达到35%以上,铸坯中心碳偏析指数小于1.05。     

结晶器电磁搅拌对Φ450 mm连铸圆坯组织和夹杂物的影响

试验和分析了结晶器电磁搅拌(M-EMS)对0.6%C钢Φ450 mm连铸圆坯的中心等轴晶区比率,碳、硫偏析,疏松和非金属夹杂物数量、大小和分布的影响.结果表明,经450A电磁搅拌后圆铸坯中平均中心等轴晶的比率由未经电磁搅拌的7.6%提高到58.1%,碳偏析指数由1.10降至1.03,硫偏析指数由1.15降至1.09,圆铸坯平均氧含量降低4.5×10-6,夹杂物含量和尺寸均明显降低.     

大方坯连铸关键装备技术应用研究

简述了攀钢大方坯连铸结晶器电磁搅拌技术、二冷控制技术和凝固末端动态轻压下技术在重轨钢连铸中的应用效果。生产统计表明,铸坯表面无清理率达到100％,中心疏松≤1．0级,中心偏析≤1．0级,中心缩孔≤0．5级,中心碳偏析指数≤1．05,等轴晶率≥38％,为攀钢生产高速铁路用钢轨提供了合格铸坯。     

320 mm×410 mm大方坯连铸重轨钢质量改进与应用

为了提高大断面重轨钢连铸坯内部质量,满足钢轨探伤要求,针对大断面生产重轨钢铸坯宏观偏析及中心疏松较难控制的难点,采用合适的二冷制度、凝固末端电磁搅拌技术、动态轻压下控制技术、钢水过热度控制以及拉速控制等技术措施,开发了攀钢320 mm×410 mm大方坯连铸重轨钢生产工艺。生产的大方坯重轨钢连铸坯中心等轴晶率稳定控制在40%以上,中心疏松控制在不大于0.5的比例为91%以上,中心偏析在0.5级的比例为87%以上,等柱晶率不小于40%的比例为100%,碳偏析指数控制在0.95~1.07,铸坯及钢轨质量较好,满足了标准要求并通过了CRCC认证。     

重轨钢大方坯连铸二冷技术研究

针对攀钢大方坯连铸引进的二冷控制技术在连铸比水量和二冷区水量分配等方面存在的问题,通过测试研究重轨钢的高温延塑性能和二冷区的铸坯表面温度分布,制定了满足攀钢重轨钢连铸工艺要求的二冷控制制度.生产应用表明,重轨钢连铸坯内部质量明显提高,铸坯中心疏松≤1.0级,中心偏析≤1.0级,中心缩孔≤1.0级,中心碳偏析指数≤1.05,中心区域等轴晶率≥30%,由连铸坯轧成重轨的内部质量和力学性能能够满足350 km/h高速铁路用钢轨的要求.     

重轨钢连铸结晶器电磁搅拌技术应用研究

针对大方坯连铸机投产初期重轨钢连铸电磁搅拌冶金效果不明显的问题,开展了优化重轨钢连铸结晶器电磁搅拌工艺参数的现场试验,对比研究了电磁搅拌电流强度对重轨钢铸坯中心疏松、中心偏析、等轴晶率等内部质量的影响,制定了满足攀钢重轨钢连铸工艺要求的电磁搅拌工艺制度.生产应用表明,重轨钢连铸坯内部质量明显提高,铸坯中心区等轴晶率由18.8%增至36.2%,中心疏松≤1.5级,中心偏析≤1.0级,中心缩孔≤1.0级,中心碳偏析指数≤1.05,连铸坯轧成重轨的内部质量和力学性能能够满足350 km/h高速铁路用钢轨的要求.     

7#铸机大方坯断面生产重轨钢铸坯质量评价

文章通过对7#铸机设备改造后生产的大方坯断面重轨钢坯内外部质量对比,分析了结晶器电磁搅拌、动态二冷配水、动态轻压下对铸坯的中心碳偏析指数、疏松及铸坯凝固组织的影响,得出7#铸机两个大方坯断面重轨钢在合理拉速、过热度匹配下,采用结晶器电磁搅拌+轻压下工艺后,铸坯内部质量良好,不仅使铸坯等轴晶比率为52.3%~58.3%,也可使铸坯中心碳偏析指数控制在1.07以下。     

结晶器电磁搅拌对矩形坯轧制大规格齿轮钢圆钢碳偏析行为的影响

通过对齿轮钢矩形坯轧制大规格圆钢宏观碳偏析的分析,结合碳含量和低倍组织,研究了不同结晶器电磁搅拌强度时圆钢的碳偏析行为。结果表明,结晶器电磁搅拌扩大连铸坯柱状晶/等轴晶转换界面(CET)框尺寸,提高等轴晶率,但是产生皮下负偏析带,圆钢的偏析变得明显;结晶器电磁搅拌下,齿轮钢矩形坯与圆钢从表面到中心呈现"N"形碳偏析,搅拌强度越大,偏析幅度越大;圆钢同一圆周上,搅拌时3/4 R、1/2 R处极差大,1/4 R处极差小,不搅拌时则相反。连铸坯的CET区域与圆钢方框偏析有严格的对应性,说明连铸坯与圆钢的组织与成分存在传承关系。     

Application of swirling flow nozzle and investigation of superheat dissipation casting for bloom continuous casing

A swirling flow nozzle (SFN) has been proposed and designed for bloom continuous casting based on the idea that the melt flow pattern in the mould region can be controlled by changing the jet direction from outlets of the submerged entry nozzle. The simulated and plant trial results show that, as compared to the conventional straight nozzle, the oversized shrinkage porosity along with centre cracking at the strand cross-section is removed, and the maximum segregation degree fluctuation range of solute element C is reduced from 0.17 to 0.05. The positive effect is attributed to the remarkable superheat dissipation effect of horizontal swirling flow generated by SFN, which is reduced by 10.6 K as compared to the normal nozzle. Moreover, the adoption of SFN can further enhance the metallurgical effect of in-mould electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS), where both better chemical homogeneity and soundness of bloom castings can be obtained by the combined adoption of SFN and M-EMS.     

自旋式浸入水口对LZ50车轴钢Φ690 mm连铸坯质量的影响

研究了自旋式6孔浸入水口对铁路车轴钢LZ50Φ690 mm连铸坯包括低倍组织、夹杂物、碳偏析等质量的影响。结果表明:与传统5孔水口相比,自旋式浸入水口连铸坯中心最大中心缩孔由22.7 mm降低到12.8 mm,平均缩孔尺寸从7.8 mm减小到5.5 mm,大于15 mm的缩孔消失;疏松程度均为1级,中心等轴晶区增大了74.1%。夹杂物上浮效果显著,钢中夹杂物数量显著减少,且消除大于40μm的夹杂物;偏析比由0.92～1.1降低到0.93～1.05。     

凝固组织对GCr15轴承钢220 mm×260 mm连铸坯中心偏析的影响

铸坯高中心等轴晶率及小的二次枝晶臂间距有利于降低高碳钢M+E-EMS连铸坯中心偏析。通过建立GCr15钢220 mm×260 mm连铸坯耦合有限元-元胞自动机模型(CAFE)及二次枝晶臂间距(SDAS)模型,研究结晶器电磁搅拌、过热度和拉速对中心等轴晶率及二次枝晶臂间距的影响。结果表明,相比于拉速,过热度和结晶器电磁搅拌对其影响明显。随着过热度降低及结晶器电磁搅拌强度增加,铸坯中心等轴晶率增加而二次枝晶臂间距减小,而拉速对凝固终点和中心固相率影响大。工业试验结果表明,采用结晶器与凝固末端电磁搅拌,相比于过热度35℃和拉速0.75 m/min,控制过热度小于25℃且拉速调整为0.8 m/min时,轴承钢GCr15铸坯中心等轴晶率由原27%增加至38%且二次枝晶臂间距细化,中心碳偏析指数由原1.06～1.39降至0.93～1.13。     

Macrosegregation Improvement by Swirling Flow Nozzle for Bloom Continuous Castings

Based on mathematical model coupling electromagnetism, fluid flow, heat transfer, and solute transport, the metallurgical performances of conventional straight nozzle, swirling flow nozzle (SFN), and M-EMS have been evaluated and compared. The soundness improvement of bloom castings has been investigated by casting tests of adopting the newly designed SFN. As compared to the normal nozzle, center porosity has been eliminated along with the popular center radial crack, and a better chemical homogeneity was obtained by employing the SFN accordingly, where the maximum segregation degree of C and S at the strand cross section is decreased from 1.28 to 1.02 and from 1.32 to 1.06, respectively. Combined with the results of numerical simulation, the positive effect obtained can be attributed to the remarkable superheat dissipation under the implementation of SFN, where, compared with the normal nozzle, the melt superheat degree at the mold exit is reduced by 15.5 K, 9.8 K, and 17.3 K (15.5 °C, 9.8 °C, and 17.3 °C) under the other three casting measures of SFN, normal nozzle with M-EMS, and SFN with M-EMS, respectively.     

Electromagnetic torque detecting for optimization of in-mould electromagnetic stirring in the billet and bloom continuous casting

ABSTRACT

In this paper, an electromagnetic torque device based on the theoretical model was established to determine the optimum frequency accurately and conveniently in billet and bloom continuous casting with in-mould electromagnetic stirring (M-EMS). Magnetic characteristics with M-EMS was investigated by numerical simulation and physical experiment with the application of electromagnetic torque device and gauss meter. In addition, the effects of stirring frequency with M-EMS on macro segregation and equiaxed crystal ratio were compared and analysed for 55SiCr with 150?mm?×?150?mm billet caster and BU with 310?×?360?mm bloom caster by a series of plant trials, respectively. The results showed that maximum magnetic flux density and maximum electromagnetic torque occurred with different frequency and same current in M-EMS, and central equiaxed crystal ratio and macro segregation has been significantly improved by optimum frequency with M-EMS.     

重轨钢连铸坯中心偏析的分析和工艺改进

研究的重轨钢(/% ：0, 68 - 0. 73C,0. 20~0. 30Si,l. 05 ~ 1.15Mn, ≤0. 015P, ≤O. 012S, ≤O. 003 5 Al,≤ O. 000 15[H], ≤0.006 0[N], ≤O, 002 0[0])的冶金流程为铁水脱硫预处理-120 t 转炉-LF-RH-280 nun x 380 mm 坯连铸。分析证实铸坯偏析是钢轨低倍检验和超声波探伤不合格的主要原因。试验研究了钢水过热度、拉速、结 晶器电磁搅拌、二冷水量和凝固末端动态轻压下对铸坯中心碳偏析的影响。通过采用优化的工艺措施:钢水过热 度15~30 拉速0.60 - 0. 75 m/min和恒拉速,结晶器电磁搅拌强度400 A,二冷比水量0.25 L/kg,轻压下6~7mm等,铸坯一般疏松≤1. 0级,中心疏松≤0. 5级,点状偏析≤0. 5级,等轴晶率≥37%,中心碳偏析指数0.94 ~ 1.06钢轨超声波探伤合格率提高至99. 3%以上。     

Computational Fluid Dynamics Modeling of Macrosegregation and Shrinkage in Large-Diameter Steel Roll Castings

Minimizing macrosegregation and shrinkage in large cast steel mill rolls challenges the limits of commercial foundry technology. Processing improvements have been achieved by balancing the total heat input of casting with the rate of heat extraction from the surface of the roll in the mold. A submerged entry nozzle (SEN) technique that injects a dilute alloy addition through a nozzle into the partially solidified net-shaped roll ingot can mitigate both centerline segregation and midradius channel segregate conditions. The objective of this study is to optimize the melt chemistry, solidification, and SEN conditions to minimize centerline and midradius segregation, and then to improve the quality of the transition region between the outer shell and the diluted interior region. To accomplish this objective, a multiphase, multicomponent computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code was developed for studying the macrosegregation and shrinkage under various casting conditions for a 65-ton, 1.6-m-diameter steel roll. The developed CFD framework consists of solving for the volume fraction of phases (air and steel mixture), temperature, flow, and solute balance in multicomponent alloy systems. Thermal boundary conditions were determined by measuring the temperature in the mold at several radial depths and height locations. The thermophysical properties including viscosity of steel alloy used in the simulations are functions of temperature. The steel mixture in the species-transfer model consists of the following elements: Fe, Mn, Si, S, P, C, Cr, Mo, and V. Density and liquidus temperature of the steel mixture are locally affected by the segregation of these elements. The model predictions were validated against macrosegregation measured from pieces cut from the 65-ton roll. The effect of key processing parameters such as melt composition and superheat of both the shell and the dilute interior alloy are addressed. The influence of mold type and thickness on macrosegregation and shrinkage also are discussed.     

20CrMnTiH齿轮钢大方坯轧制圆钢宏观碳偏析控制

 湘钢用20CrMnTiH大方坯（300mm×430mm）生产轧材时出现较为严重的锭型偏析,对圆钢的性能不利。通过连铸调整工艺,适当提高比水量（由0.27L/kg提到0.35L/kg）,和降低结晶器电磁搅拌强度(由400A降到200A和0),轧材质量得到改善。对比调整前后工况,发现电磁搅拌减小时连铸坯等轴晶比例降低,无电磁搅拌时连铸坯碳偏析形式较有电磁搅拌的相差大,且其轧材没出现锭型偏析,轧材的碳偏析和硬度分布也趋向均匀。     

过热度对高碳钢小方坯宏观偏析影响研究

摘要：基于国内某厂高碳钢小方坯连铸生产过程,首先利用ProCAST软件进行过热度对连铸坯宏观偏析影响的模拟研究,然后对过热度分别为44、39和28℃的连铸坯横断面和纵截面进行宏观偏析和疏松缩孔的研究。模拟结果表明:连铸坯横断面中心碳偏析随着过热度的增加不断增大,过热度超过25℃时,连铸坯横断面中心碳偏析度更加严重;试验结果表明,过热度分别为44、39和28℃ 的连铸坯横断面中心碳最大偏析度分别为1.39、1.32和1.06。结合模拟结果能够有效指导实际生产过程中连铸参数的调整,过热度越高,连铸坯中心碳偏析、条带状疏松缩孔越严重,为了降低连铸坯宏观偏析,建议将过热度控制在25~30℃。