变形对微合金钢在两相区变形时显微组织的影响

通过热处理试验和单道次压缩热模拟试验,研究了微合金钢加热到两相区变形时的组织演变规律,并分析了变形量的影响,使用OM、SEM和EBSD技术分析了试验钢的微观组织和取向分布。结果表明,试验钢加热到两相区保温后,奥氏体相变在原铁素体晶界上发生,变形时晶界上的奥氏体发生应变诱导相变,形成细小的仿晶界铁素体,变形铁素体发生动态回复或动态再结晶。随变形量和变形温度的提高,硬度下降,800℃下增加变形量,动态回复向动态再结晶发展,动态再结晶形核机制是亚晶转动生长,名义变形量为70%时得到均匀的超细晶组织,有效晶粒平均等效直径为2.7μm,大角度晶界的体积分数达到92.8%。     

焊后热处理对沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响

研究了4种不同的焊后热处理工艺对半奥氏体沉淀硬化不锈钢15-7Mo焊接接头组织性能的影响.结果表明:焊接接头不进行热处理或时效热处理的焊接系数低于0.7,焊接接头进行调整+时效热处理后的焊接系数可达0.9,而对焊接接头进行固溶+调整+时效热处理后焊接系数接近1.接头不进行热处理或者是仅时效热处理时,薄弱区为熔合线靠近母材的区域,组织为奥氏体和少量的铁素体.进行调整+时效热处理或固溶+调整+时效热处理时,熔合线靠近母材侧的组织为板条马氏体、少量的铁素体和沉淀析出相,焊缝的组织为板条马氏体和沉淀析出相,薄弱区消失,焊接系数大幅度提高.     

固溶处理温度对耐蚀马氏体时效钢力学性能的影响

 研究了固溶处理温度对耐蚀马氏体时效钢力学性能的影响。研究结果表明,800℃固溶处理后的组织遗传了锻态的晶粒形态、尺寸及高密度缺陷,使固溶处理后的马氏体也具有高的缺陷密度,并增加了组织中残余/逆转变奥氏体的含量,从而使材料具有较高的强韧性。较高温度固溶处理奥氏体发生回复和再结晶,其缺陷密度的降低使最终马氏体时效强化效应下降,而且残余/逆转变奥氏体量也下降,从而使材料的韧性水平下降。该试验钢固溶处理温度低于传统的马氏体时效不锈钢的固溶处理温度。     

Banded Microstructure Formation and Its Effect on the Performance of 06Ni9 Steel

Focusing on the banded microstructure formed during the production of 06Ni9 steels for cryo-LNG,this paper examines its formation,distribution of alloying elements,structure,hardness,and low-temperature property.The results show that the banded microstructure formed after hot-rolling and cooling of the steel binct in which the element segregation occurred during solidification.The phase change during heat treatment also can cause the formation of the banded microstructure of 06Ni9 steel.The white bands are mainly composed of ferrite and reversed austenite,and the black bands are mainly composed of reversed austenite and a certain amount of ferrite.Element segregation and formation of more carbide caused some black regions to appear.Grain refinement of 06Ni9steel is beneficial to the formation of reversed austenite,the redistribution of alloying elements,improving the stability of austenite and the low-temperature toughness of steel.This steel easily undergoes nickel segregation;thus,undergoing a secondary quenching and tempering process is recommended.The refinement of martensite quenching above A c3,the martensite that is rich in nickel and carbon,residual austenite and a few little of ferrite after secondary quenching lower than A c3 are beneficial to the formation of high stability austenite.Thus,this can meet the strength and toughness requirement of the low temperature 06Ni9 steel.     

The stress corrosion susceptibility of a quenched and tempered 12 pct crmov martensitic stainless steel

The stress corrosion susceptibility of a martensitic 12 pct Cr 1 pct MoV stainless steel in alkaline chloride solution has been measured as a function of tempering heat treatment. The microstructures produced during tempering have been characterized by transmission electron microscopy and related to measured hardness values. In addition, scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray microanalysis has allowed the distribution of alloying elements within the microstructure to be examined. Electron energy loss spectroscopy was used to establish fully precipitate compositions, and the microanalysis results have been explained in terms of a diffusion controlled growth of grain boundary precipitates. The overall stress corrosion cracking susceptibility has been correlated with the development of chromium solute depletion profiles about prior austenite grain boundaries.     

奥氏体变形温度对Ti-V复合微合金钢析出动力学及组织和硬度的影响

采用应力松弛法研究了不同奥氏体变形温度下Ti-V复合微合金钢沉淀析出的析出-温度-时间曲线（PTT曲线）,并利用OM、TEM、Vickers硬度计等手段研究了奥氏体变形温度对Ti-V复合微合金钢微观组织、析出相及硬度的影响。结果表明,奥氏体中沉淀析出的PTT曲线总体呈典型的“C”曲线形状,最快析出鼻子点温度为960~980 ℃,对应的第二相粒子最快析出开始时间和结束时间分别为2.2 s和131.4 s;原始奥氏体晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的升高整体呈先减小后增大的趋势,且在1 000 ℃左右晶粒最细小（102 μm）,该温度与PTT曲线的鼻子点温度相近,在鼻子点温度附近变形有利于细化原奥晶粒;析出相随着温度的升高逐渐增大,而粒子数目稍有减少;不同的奥氏体变形温度对硬度影响较小,HV硬度基本都处在360±12。      

α-Cr相对新型奥氏体合金热处理组织及性能的影响

 对新型奥氏体轴承材料GNiCr40Al3Ti进行固溶-时效处理,采用扫描电镜、金相显微镜和洛氏硬度计等分析手段,研究了固溶温度对其组织和性能的影响。结果表明,固溶温度越高,残留的α-Cr相粒子也越少,固溶效果越好,晶粒尺寸增加,固溶硬度下降。固溶过程主要受铬元素在基体中的扩散所控制,扩散激活能[ΔG]为（443±37） kJ/mol。时效后α-Cr相颗粒的平均尺寸基本保持在1.6 μm,大部分的α-Cr相颗粒尺寸分布在0.5～2.0 μm的范围内;固溶-时效后GNiCr40Al3Ti合金的硬度主要受固溶阶段基体溶解α-Cr相颗粒的程度影响,时效硬度最高达到61.5HRC。根据试验与分析结果,GNiCr40Al3Ti合金的固溶温度应不低于1 150 ℃, 以满足高硬度及良好机加工性能。     

40CrNiMoA钢同质焊条焊接接头组织和性能研究

分析了焊接电流70A、80A、90A对40CrNiMoA钢焊缝接头组织和力学性能的影响。随着焊接电流的增大,焊缝外观质量较好。随着焊接电流的增大,熔池区温度升高,奥氏体晶粒尺寸增大,导致马氏体组织粗大。焊缝的显微组织为马氏体及少量残余奥氏体。焊缝的硬度远高于母材的硬度,且波动较大。热影响区的硬度从母材向沿焊缝方向逐渐升高。焊接接头纵向应力在焊缝中心为压应力,向外压应力减小。焊接颜色区边界处纵向应力为拉应力,且该点拉应力最大。焊接接头横向应力在焊缝中心为拉应力,向外逐渐增大,焊接颜色区边界处变横向拉应力达到最大。焊接电流和热输入增大,降低了材料的韧性,组织中铁素体增多及焊接残余应力是诱发脆性断裂的原因。焊接电流80A是40CrNiMoA同质焊条平板对接焊接工艺的最佳的焊接电流。     

T250马氏体时效钢晶粒尺寸对时效析出的影响

 在840 ℃ 1 h固溶退火+480 ℃ 4 h时效处理条件下,不同晶粒度的T250马氏体时效钢力学性能比较试验表明,材料的性能和晶粒尺寸关系并不表现出明显的依存关系。相应的XRD和显微结构比较研究显示,马氏体时效钢的时效行为和晶粒尺寸相关。晶粒细小的马氏体钢时效时形成更多体积分数的逆转奥氏体,以膜状分布在晶界和亚晶界起到软化作用而有利于材料塑韧性的提高;同时产生更为细小弥散的沉淀相起到更为明显的强化作用。这可能是材料的力学性能和晶粒尺寸关系不明显的组织结构原因。     

Phase Stability of Residual Austenite in 60Si2Mn Steels Treated by Quenching and Partitioning

 The residual austenite and its stability in commercial 60Si2Mn steel treated by quenching and partitioning (Q-P) were investigated. The Q-P heat treatment was carried out using a system of ordinary electric furnace—oil bath box—electric furnace. Cryogenic treatments at different temperatures were performed to assess the thermal stability of residual austenite. The microstructure, particularly residual austenite, was analyzed using optical microscope and X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the microhardness and Rockwell hardness were measured. The residual austenite with the volume fraction as much as 137% and the HRC hardness level of 41 were achieved, and the residual austenite is relatively stable.     

脉冲等离子爆炸工艺表面改性H13钢

 为研究脉冲等离子爆炸工艺制备H13钢(4Cr5MoSiV1)表面改性层的组织和性能,通过对显微组织形貌、相结构、残余应力、硬度和耐磨性的分析,对脉冲等离子爆炸工艺的改性机制和影响进行了讨论。结果表明,脉冲等离子爆炸工艺使H13钢表面发生快速熔凝和快速淬火过程,在材料表面形成厚度均匀、组织致密、高硬度的改性层;改性层中马氏体细化,同时由于不同物理变化过程分别形成残余奥氏体和逆变奥氏体;随着脉冲次数的增加,材料表面的残余应力经历了由压应力先增大后减小然后转变成拉应力的过程;改性层的厚度和硬度随脉冲次数的增加而提高,但同时表面熔化程度加剧,表层低硬度熔凝区厚度增加。当脉冲次数为8次时,H13钢具有最优的耐磨损性能。     

Stability and Constitutive Modelling in Multiphase TRIP Steels

Multiphase TRIP steels are a relatively new class of steels exhibiting excellent combinations of strength and cold formability, a fact that renders them particularly attractive for automotive applications. The present work reports models regarding the prediction of the stability of retained austenite, the optimisation of the heat‐treatment stages necessary for austenite stabilization in the microstructure, as well as the mechanical behaviour of these steels under deformation. Austenite stability against mechanically‐induced transformation to martensite depends on chemical composition, austenite particle size, strength of the matrix and stress state. The stability of retained austenite is characterized by the M^σ_S temperature, which can be expressed as a function of the aforementioned parameters by an appropriate model presented in this work. Besides stability, the mechanical behaviour of TRIP steels also depends on the amount of retained austenite present in the microstructure. This amount is determined by the combinations of temperature and temporal duration of the heat‐treatment stages undergone by the steel. Maximum amounts of retained austenite require optimisation of the heat‐treatment conditions. A physical model is presented in this work, which is based on the interactions between bainite and austenite during the heat‐treatment of multiphase TRIP steels, and which allows for the selection of treatment conditions leading to the maximization of retained austenite in the final microstructure. Finally, a constitutive micromechanical model is presented, which describes the mechanical behaviour of multiphase TRIP steels under deformation, taking into account the different plastic behaviour of the individual phases, as well as the evolution of the microstructure itself during plastic deformation. This constitutive micromechanical model is subsequently used for the calculation of forming limit diagrams (FLD) for these complex steels, an issue of great practical importance for the optimisation of stretch‐forming and deep‐drawing operations.     

硼含量对含硼不锈钢组织和性能的影响

在304奥氏体不锈钢加入质量分数为0.44％～1.94％的硼,研究硼对含硼不锈钢的组织、室温力学性能的影响.试验结果表明,试验钢的凝固态组织由初生奥氏体和在晶界连续分布的共晶产物(FeCr)2B和Cr2B组成.硼化物具有较好的热稳定性,试验钢经热轧固溶后析出相数量与构成变化很小,但其分布与形态发生了很大变化.硼化物具有硬脆性,导致试验钢硬度升高.随着硼含量的增加,析出的共晶硼化物增多,不锈钢的硬度增大,冲击韧性急剧减小.     

固溶-时效处理对模具钢0Cr3Ni3MoCuAl组织和硬度的影响

实验研究了沉淀硬化模具钢0Cr3Ni3MoCuAl在860~1010 ℃ 35 min固溶处理和450~560 ℃ 3 h时效处理的组织和硬度。结果表明,固溶处理温度为950 ℃,保温时间35 min,空冷至室温,其HRC硬度值可达39.5;组织为粒状贝氏体和低碳板条马氏体的混合组织,并有少量残余奥氏体。时效处理温度为500 ℃,保温时间为3 h,空冷至室温,其HRC硬度值可达到44.1;组织为回火贝氏体。     

奥氏体组织对低碳中锰钢冷弯性能的影响

摘要：采用冷弯直径0～60mm，弯曲角度180°，研究了20mm厚度低碳中锰钢的冷弯性能，冷弯后外表均无可见裂纹，判定合格。利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、电子背散射衍射（EBSD）、X射线衍射仪等手段分析了显微组织，尤其是奥氏体组织在冷弯过程中对冷弯性能的影响。结果表明，冷弯前显微组织由板条马氏体和奥氏体组成，其中原始奥氏体晶界明显；冷弯直径为0mm变形后，样品弧顶部分奥氏体的体积分数由12.3%降至1.1%，维氏硬度由295HV1增至364HV1，晶粒尺寸由4.07μm增至4.30μm。主要原因是在冷弯过程在中奥氏体组织发生塑性变形，奥氏体晶界变形消失，沿冷弯方向呈拉伸带状组织形貌，冷弯形变时奥氏体发生TRIP效应显著。     

Influence of post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure and hardness of laser weld seams on hot-rolled TRIP 800 steel

The transformation induced plasticity (TRIP) steels effect occurs because of the martensitic transformation of retained austenite during plastic deformation,and it provides the steel with excellent strength and ductility.While welding remains a vital part of auto body manufacturing,the weldability of TRIP steels is problematic,and this prevents its adoption for many applications in the automotive industry.This present work studies the effects of welding and post-weld heat treatment on the microstructure of TRIP steels.It is found that the microstructures of the fusion zone and the heat affected zone (HAZ) are changed after high-temperature heat treatment.Hardness tests revealed that fusion zone hardness decreased with increasing of temperatures in the post-weld heat treatment on the laser weld seam.The rolling performance of the welding seam and the seam of post-weld heat treatment were also studied.     

热处理对GH3128合金接头组织及力学性能的影响

 核能已经逐渐取代化石能源成为新一代能源,作为重要构件的高温气冷堆中间换热器得到了广泛关注。由于GH3128合金具有较好的焊接性、较高的高温抗氧化性能和组织稳定性,有望成为超高温气冷堆中间换热器的候选材料,但基于换热器结构复杂性以及密封性的要求,焊接是其生产和制造的关键成形手段。采用脉冲钨极氩弧焊(GTAW)对GH3128合金2 mm板材进行对接焊,研究了热处理对焊接焊接接头显微组织以及应力的影响。结果表明,在优化焊接工艺参数下,固溶态板材接头表现出最高的强塑性,室温及高温拉伸断裂位置均为母材。由于热轧态与固溶态板材接头热影响区在焊接过程中产生残余应力,导致该区硬化,在高温变形过程中残余应力诱发热影响区μ相析出,对接头持久、蠕变性能造成不利影响。焊后热处理消除了接头热影响区的残余应力,减少了持久、蠕变过程中μ相的析出,接头持久寿命得以改善。在1 200 ℃下,残余应力可为焊后热处理过程中静态再结晶提供激活能,接头热影响区发生再结晶,硬度下降,接头塑性变形能力不协调,导致室温拉伸与950 ℃拉伸断裂位置均为焊接接头。对固溶态板材试样进行不同的焊后热处理,EBSD扫描结果分析发现,接头经过1 100 ℃×10 min热处理后,残余应力明显消失,温度升高至1 140 ℃后,热影响区开始发生再结晶。     

冲击载荷对10Mn钢磨损性能的影响及耐磨机制分析

通过水韧处理配合450℃时效热处理工艺,研究10Mn钢在2和5 J冲击载荷下耐磨性能.结果表明,10Mni钢在5J冲击载荷下失重量更少,加工硬化的速率更快,并且在不同冲击载荷下磨损失重量都出现了周期性变化.磨损表面SEM结果表明,表面存在犁削磨损、凿削磨损、裂纹.通过XRD数据对亚表面奥氏体和马氏体体积分数进行定量计算...     

微合金化控轧控冷钢筋纵向金相组织研究

 对微合金化控轧控冷钢筋的纵向金相组织进行了研究,并分析了不同成分试验钢纵向“条带”组织的差异及形成原因。研究结果表明：偏析元素（P、Si、Mn等）在轧制过程中沿轧制方向呈条状分布,是20MnSi、20MnSiV钢产生带状组织的原因。铌及其碳氮化物的溶质拖曳和“钉扎”作用,使20MnSiNb钢的奥氏体未再结晶轧制温度提高到1050℃,在冷却过程中,先共析铁素体在形变奥氏体晶界和内部变形带均匀析出,随后沿形变奥氏体晶界（在先共析铁素体与奥氏体的界面上）生成珠光体带,最后在形变奥氏体晶粒内部形成贝氏体条。研究条件下优势形核点的排序为：形变奥氏体晶界和形变奥氏体晶内变形带、偏析元素和夹杂、再结晶奥氏体晶界。     

LNG用7％Ni钢快速回火工艺模拟

摘要：采用淬火膨胀仪模拟研究了LNG用7%Ni钢淬火后快速加热回火工艺，结合显微组织观察以及对回火冷却过程中膨胀曲线的分析，讨论了该工艺对钢中逆转变奥氏体含量及其稳定性的影响。结果表明，提高淬火终冷温度能显著增加组织中逆转变奥氏体的含量，且其在基体上的分布也更为均匀，但当淬火终冷温度提高至300℃时，淬火组织中残留了大量的残余奥氏体，经快速加热回火后虽然保留在组织中，但其稳定性较差，导致冷却后的最终组织中出现大量的岛状M/A。回火前的快速加热一方面抑制了残余奥氏体在加热过程中发生分解，同时也有利于碳原子在较短的时间内扩散至其中，因此不但能促进钢中逆转变奥氏体含量的增加，也有利于其稳定性的提高。