Cr/Al_2O_3涂层制备工艺与发光性能研究

采用烧结破碎法可制备适用于热喷涂的Cr/Al_2O_3的粉末,分别采用大气等离子喷涂和火焰喷涂制备了Cr/Al_2O_3发光涂层,研究了粉体和不同喷涂方法制备的涂层组织形貌、相结构及发光性能。结果表明:所制备的Cr/Al_2O_3粉末呈现α-Al_2O_3的单相结构;火焰喷涂涂层呈现粉红色,表面粗糙度Ra 8.8μm和孔隙率21.5%,涂层以α-Al_2O_3相为主;等离子喷涂的涂层呈现灰白色,较低的表面粗糙度Ra 6.1μm和孔隙率8.3%,涂层以γ-Al_2O_3相为主;粉体和两种涂层均可呈现红宝石单晶R线发射,发射峰为693nm和694nm。     

不同喷涂工艺对Cr~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层相结构及发光性能影响研究

通过火焰喷涂工艺和等离子喷涂工艺制备了Cr~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层。采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射、荧光光谱仪等方法表征了涂层的微观形貌、孔隙率、相结构及发光性能等。对比两种不同工艺制备的Cr~(3+)掺杂Al_2O_3陶瓷涂层性能结果表明:等离子喷涂制备的涂层形貌、颗粒熔化状态、厚度均一性均优于火焰喷涂涂层,但火焰喷涂工艺涂层的发光性能远优于等离子工艺涂层,其原因是火焰喷涂制备的涂层中Al_2O_3粒子的熔融状态更差,保留了更多的α-Al_2O_3相,未熔粒子部分将以喷涂原粉中稳定的α-Al_2O_3结构存在涂层中进而影响其光学性能。     

喷涂工艺参数对等离子喷涂CoCrAlTaY-Al_2O_3涂层的微观组织结构和力学性能的影响

为提高连续退火炉高温炉辊的表面质量,采用大气等离子喷涂技术制备了CoCrAlTaY-30%Al_2O_3涂层,研究了喷涂工艺参数对涂层微观组织结构、相组成和力学性能的影响。结果表明:等离子喷涂CoCrAlTaY-Al_2O_3涂层中两种典型组织Al_2O_3相和合金相交互存在并分散较均匀,涂层主要由Co合金、α-Al_2O_3、γ-Al_2O_3物相组成;喷涂功率、喷涂距离和主气流量均对涂层的微观组织和物相无明显影响;随着喷涂功率的提高,粉末粒子的熔化效果变好、孔隙率降低,在40 kW喷涂功率下,涂层的硬度最高,此时结合强度达到68 MPa;在80～140 mm喷涂距离范围内,粉末大部分已熔化,有少量的未熔颗粒存在,在喷涂距离为120 mm时涂层表面光滑致密,孔隙率较低,结合强度最大为78.6 MPa;主气流量为40L/min时,涂层的孔隙率最小而结合强度最大。等离子喷涂CoCrAlTaY-Al_2O_3涂层的最优工艺参数为喷涂功率40 kW、喷涂距离120 mm、主气流量40 L/min,得到的涂层孔隙率为3.689%、硬度为HV_(0.3) 664.9、拉伸强度78.6 MPa。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-TiO_2陶瓷涂层的显微组织及摩擦学性能

以Al_2O_3-TiO_2(x=0%,3%,13%,20%,40%,质量分数)复合陶瓷粉末为原料,采用等离子喷涂工艺在316L不锈钢基体表面制备5种陶瓷涂层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)和X线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光金相显微镜分析粉末和涂层形貌、微观结构、物相组成及涂层孔隙率;利用显微硬度计及摩擦磨损试验机测试涂层力学及摩擦学性能,观察试样磨损形貌,分析磨损机理。结果表明:涂层呈典型的等离子喷涂层状堆积特征,涂层与基体结合良好。随TiO_2含量增加,涂层主相由γ-Al_2O_3向Al_2TiO_5相过渡,涂层韧性升高,硬度和孔隙率降低。在大气环境下,低TiO_2含量的涂层(Al_2O_3、AT3)发生应力疲劳磨损,高TiO_2含量的涂层(AT13、AT20和AT40)发生应变疲劳磨损;而在水环境下,5种涂层均发生应力疲劳磨损。     

Al2O3 含量对 YSZ 热障涂层性能的影响

Al_2O_3等氧化物对YSZ热障涂层的高温使用性能有一定的影响。本文用HVOF喷涂Ni Co Cr Al Y合金粘结层,APS喷涂YSZ陶瓷面层,制备了Al_2O_3含量为0.01~0.64wt%的YSZ涂层。比较了不同Al_2O_3含量的YSZ涂层在1100℃下的热震性能和抗烧结性能,并探讨Al_2O_3对涂层的影响机理。结果表明相较于高纯YSZ涂层,随着涂层中Al_2O_3含量升高,涂层的抗热震性能降低,且Al_2O_3促进YSZ涂层的烧结。Al_2O_3含量在小于0.01wt%-0.12wt%区间内时,对涂层抗热震和抗烧结性能有显著影响,含量继续增加至0.64%时,对性能影响减缓。显微组织观察与EDS检测结果表明涂层中Al_2O_3并未在熔融颗粒界面处偏聚,但在颗粒内部有局部偏析。由此推测,含Al_2O_3的YSZ涂层热震失效的原因可能是Al_2O_3在YSZ颗粒内部偏析,并影响涂层的烧结性能,导致裂纹容易萌生和扩展。     

高岭土加入量对Al_2O_3-SiC质修补料热震性能的影响

以提高Al_2O_3-SiC修补料的热震稳定性,延长修补料使用寿命为目的,以煅烧高岭土、高铝矾土均化料、SiC、红柱石、硅灰、α-Al_2O_3微粉等为原料,研究煅烧高岭土的加入量对Al_2O_3-SiC修补料热震稳定性的影响。试验结果表明:煅烧高岭土加入量为8%时,1 300℃煅烧后Al_2O_3-SiC修补料热震后抗折强度保持率达到29.3%,常温强度可以保证正常使用;当加入量超过8%后,其各项性能指标反而下降。     

α-Al2 O3的含量对轻质氧化铝空心球 陶瓷力学性能的影响

轻质氧化铝空心球陶瓷作为极有发展前途的高温隔热材料,α-Al_2O_3的含量对其力学性能有重要影响。以合理级配的氧化铝空心球为骨料,加入不同比例的α-Al_2O_3微粉和325#莫来石,通过试验测定其物理性能,确定α-Al_2O_3微粉和325#莫来石的最优配比。试验数据显示,当α-Al_2O_3的添加量为30%时,制品的常温抗折强度和常温耐压强度最大,达到12.58 MPa;热震稳定性达到最高,其保持率为0.98%。     

Al_2O_3电解质新型结构SOFC制备及性能研究

本文主要研究了以Al_2O_3为电解质的新型结构低温固体氧化物燃料电池。分别以三种不同结构的氧化铝(α-Al_2O_3、β-Al_2O_3和含有一定γ相的α-Al_2O_3)为电解质制备了结构为:泡沫镍-Ni_(0.8)Co_(0.15)Al_(0.05)LiO_2(NCAL)/Al_2O_3/NCAL-泡沫镍的SOFC,并在H_2燃料中测试了电化学性能。研究发现三种电池开路电压和最大输出功率密度都有明显差异。α-Al_2O_3、β-Al_2O_3和含有一定γ相的α-Al_2O_3电解质电池在550℃下H_2/air气氛中的开路电压分别为:1.057V、0.415V和0.945V;三种电池的最大功率密度分别为173.44mW·m~(-2)、3.76mW·m~(-2)和99.11mW·m~(-2)。交流阻抗谱结果显示α-Al_2O_3的离子电导率最高,为0.17S·cm~(-1)。通过Ce_(0.9)Gd_(0.1)O_2(GDC)/Al_2O_3双层电解质电池的离子过滤实验发现Al_2O_3电解质中的载流子包含氧离子。对不同结构Al_2O_3粉体材料及其在电池中电化学性能测试前后表面氧元素的结合能的XPS表征结果研究发现:不同结构的Al_2O_3的离子电导率大小跟其表面氧空位浓度有关,氧空位浓度越大,离子电导率越高。Al_2O_3的表面氧空位浓度在氢气通入后也会显著增加。界面氧离子传导应该是这种以氧化铝为电解质的新型结构SOFC的氧离子传导机理。     

难熔金属Mo表面冷喷涂制备氧化铝涂层的烧蚀行为研究

研究了采用冷喷涂技术在难熔金属Mo表面制备厚度约75μm的氧化铝涂层的难熔金属型芯的结构特征和耐烧蚀行为。研究发现,采用冷喷涂在难熔金属Mo表面制备出了γ-Al_2O_3和α-Al_2O_3混合的层;经过1 200℃/30min烧蚀试验,发现该涂层不具备抵御烧蚀的能力,其原因在于在1 200℃的温度下γ-Al_2O_3全部转化为α-Al_2O_3,氧化铝晶格类型转化过程中的体积膨胀诱发了涂层开裂,导致涂层失效。本文工作为研发出难熔金属型芯技术奠定了一定基础。     

氧-乙炔火焰喷涂红外辐射节能涂层的性能

以Fe_2O_3,MnO_2,Co_2O_3和NiO为原料,采用料浆喷雾干燥、高温固相反应结合氧-乙炔火焰喷涂工艺在Q235A普碳钢基体表面制造红外辐射节能涂层。采用X射线衍射、扫描电镜及红外光谱对粉末和涂层的物相组成、微观结构及涂层的发射率进行分析;并采用拉伸法测定涂层与基体的结合力,采用水淬法检测涂层的抗热震性能。研究结果表明:涂层由混合尖晶石结构的铁氧体物相组成,涂层表面粗糙,半熔融态的颗粒均匀分布在碳钢基体表面;涂层在800℃全波段的红外发射率在0.7以上,相比传统刷涂工艺,节能涂层在低于5mm波段的红外辐射性能更优,说明氧-乙炔火焰喷涂制备的红外辐射涂层在高温阶段具有更强的辐射换热能力;涂层与普碳钢基体的结合强度为19.5 MPa,是采用刷涂工艺制备涂层的结合强度的3倍以上;涂层试样1 000℃水淬19次后表面未出现裂纹或脱落现象,说明涂层具有优异的抗热震性能。     

Superconducting Transition Temperature in YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3 / YBa2 Cu4O8 Heterostructure

YBa2Cu4O8/La2/3 Ca1/3 MnO3/YBa2Cu4O8 （ Y-124/LCMO/Y- 124） heterostructure was prepared by facing-target sputtering technique. The oscillatory superconducting transition temperature was observed when the thickness of LCMO d L is larger than critical thickness d L^CR. The metal-insulator transition temperature can only be detected at d L 〉 d L^CR. The dependence on the spacer layer in LCMO/Y-124 systems suggests strongly the interplay of ferromagnetic and superconducting couplings.     

Visible luminescence of lanthanide ions in Ca3Sc2Si3O12 and Ca3Y2Si3O12

The crystalline materials Ca₃Sc₂Si₃O₁₂ and Ca₃Y₂Si₃O₁₂ were characterized by different crystal structures, as the former is a cubic garnet, while the latter is an orthorhombic compound. We investigated the optical spectroscopy of these materials doped with several trivalent lanthanide ions and compared the results for the two hosts. Polycrystalline samples were prepared by solid state reaction, both undoped and doped with the trivalent lanthanide ions Eu³⁺, Tb³⁺ and Sm³⁺. Emission, excitation and Raman spectra of these materials were measured at temperatures ranging from 300 to 10 K. The optical spectra were assigned and discussed, and the effects of the crystal structure of the host on the spectroscopic behaviour were addressed. The technological potential of these compounds in the field of optical materials and devices was discussed.     

CaO—SiO2—Na2O—CaF2—Al2O3—MgO保护渣系的Al2O3吸收速率和粘度

采用CaO-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO渣系,通过测定熔渣的粘度和Al2O3吸收速率,研究连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率与粘度及化学成分之间的关系。在一定条件下,当CaO/SiO2为1.2左右时,粘度达到最小值,Al2O3吸收速率达到最大值,分别为0.10?Pa*s、8.403×10-4?kg*m-2*s-1。随着渣中Na2CO3含量、CaF2含量和MgO含量的增加,粘度减小,Al2O3吸收速率增大。随着渣中Al2O3含量的增加,粘度增大,Al2O3吸收速率减小。粘度为Al2O3吸收速率的主要控制因素。随着熔渣粘度的增加,连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率逐渐减小。     

Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al₂O₃/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y₂O₃、La₂O₃稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al₂O₃/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.      

Fracture Behavior in Cu46.5Zr46.5Al7 and Cu46.5Zr41.5Al7Y5 Bulk Metallic Glasses

The interplay between chemical composition, plastic behavior, and fracture modes of Cu_46.5Zr_46.5Al₇ and Cu_46.5Zr_41.5Al₇Y₅ bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) was investigated by compression tests and fracture surfaces analyses. The aim was to explore the possibility of coupling physical, chemical, and hardness properties, with adequate macroscopic compressive plasticity. Cylindrical test samples, having a height-to-diameter ratio equal to 2, were machined and ground from as-cast bars and were tested in compression between lubricated plates, the displacement being measured by a clip-gage inserted between the plates. Y free BMG engineering stress-strain curves show a plastic behavior consisting of successive sudden stress drops and linear reloading segments. A detailed analysis of these features was performed to yield a correlation between the plastic deformation steps and the released elastic energy associated with each serration.     

CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3转光玻璃的合成及荧光性质

X射线衍射研究表明CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3体系的玻璃化温度在1025℃附近.荧光光谱和ESR谱研究表明,在CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3玻璃体系中存在着Eu2+和Eu3+两种价态离子. 316, 360, 379, 394, 413, 462和532nm锐线激发峰和592,616和650红区发射峰分别对应Eu3+的f-f激发跃迁和5D0-7FJ (J=1,2,3)跃迁发射;351nm和427nm宽带激发峰和蓝区发射分别对应Eu2+的5d-4f激发跃迁和发射.     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO₂含量下Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈由Ca₂ Fe₂O₅和CaTiO₃反应生成,即CaO和Fe₂O₃反应生成Ca₂ Fe₂O₅;其后,与CaTiO₃反应生成Ca₃TiFe₂O₈.反应时间越长,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现CaO含量越高,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈越易于生成,而且等摩尔Fe₂O₃和CaO下只要存在TiO₂,就会有Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成.      

Effect of Fe2O3 Loading Amount on Catalytic Properties of Monolithic Fe2O3/Ce0.67Zr0.33O2 -Al2O3 Catalyst for Methane Combustion

Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 solid solution was prepared by the co-precipitation method. Fe2O3-based catalysts supported on the solid solution were obtained by the impregnation method. The article revealed that the optimal loading amount of Fe2O3 on Ce0.67Zr0.33 O2-Al2O3 in our experimental condition for catalytic combustion of methane was 8% （ mass fraction）. The prepared catalysts were characterized by BET, TPR, XRD analyses, and their catalytic activity was investigated after being calcined at 873 K and after being aged in water gas at 1273 K. When the loading amount of Fe203 was 8% （ mass fraction）, the catalyst held the highest activity, and the best temperature speciality and thermal stability. The complete-conversion temperature of methane for fresh and aged sample was 788 and 838 K, respectively. The range between the light-off temperature and the complete-conversion temperature was only 15 K. The characterization results of XRD indicated that Fe2O3 was well dispersed on the Ce0.67Zr0.33O2-Al2O3 matrix. The results of BET and TPR were in good harmony with the catalytic activity results.     

Al2O3-V2O5体系的热力学优化

在对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系相图、热力学数据以及晶体结构数据进行综述与评估的基础上，采用相图计算方法对Al₂O₃-V₂O₅体系进行热力学优化.液相采用修正的似化学模型进行描述，利用对近似处理液相中存在的短程有序.将液相模型的最大短程有序设置在AlVO₄处，将VO₄3-当作液相中V₂O₅的基本组成单元.体系中AlVO₄相看作线性化合物.计算结果很好的重现了选定的实验数据，获得了一套合理、可靠、自洽的模型参数用来描述体系中各相的热力学性质，为Al₂O₃负载V₂O₅型催化剂催化性能的提高打下坚实的基础.      

Phase structure and electrochemical properties of non-stoichiometric La0.7Ce0.3(Ni3.65Cu0.75Mn0.35Al0.15(Fe0.43B0.57)0.10)x hydrogen storage alloys

Phase structure and electrochemical characteristics of Co-free La0.7Ce0.3(Ni3.65Cu0.75Mn0.35Al0.15(Fe0.43B0.57)0.10)x (0.90≤x≤1.10) al-loys were investigated. When x was 0.90, the alloy was composed of LaNi5, La3Ni13B2 and Ce2Ni7 phases. The Ce2Ni7 phase disappeared, and the abundant of La3Ni13B2 phase decreased when x increased to 0.95. When x was 1.00 or higher the alloys consisted of LaNi5 phase. The lat-tice parameter a and the cell volume V of the LaNi5 phase decreased, and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase increased with x value increasing. Maximum discharge capacity of the alloy electrodes first increased and then decreased with x value increasing from 0.90 to 1.10, and the highest value was obtained when x was 1.00. High-rate dischargeability at the discharge current density of 1200 mA/g increased from 50.7% (x= 0.90) to 64.1% (x=1.10). Both the charge-transfer reaction at the electrode/electrolyte interface and the hydrogen diffusion in the alloy were responsible for the high-rate dischargeability. Cycling capacity retention rate at 100th cycle (S100) gradually increased from 77.3% (x= 0.90) to 84.6% (x=1.10), which resulted from the increase in Ni content and the c/a ratio of the LaNi5 phase with x value increasing.