熔融钢渣调质制备高酸度系数矿物棉

钢渣是钢铁生产过程中产生的副产品,产生量大,利用率低,并且熔渣热量几乎没有利用.以熔融钢渣为原料,粉煤灰为调质剂,通过调质电炉补热和离心法成纤制备高酸度系数矿物棉.通过XRF、XRD、SEM、黏度、平均直径、渣球含量、重金属浸出、燃烧性能和放射性核素等分析方法,研究高酸度系数矿物棉的性能.结果 表明:粉煤灰调质可以显著...     

利用液态高炉渣制备矿渣棉的调质研究

实验采用液态高炉渣调质法,并选取石英砂、粉煤灰、玻璃作为调质剂。实验研究了添加不同调质剂的高炉渣成分的变化及对制备矿渣棉原料调质渣的影响。分析调质渣各项参数,即酸度系数、粘度系数、p H值以及实际粘度测量值的变化趋势。采用多指标综合分析法选出符合成棉条件的最优调质配比。结果表明:液态高炉渣调质法有一定可行性。三种调质剂均符合制备矿渣棉的要求,其中,石英砂最优,粉煤灰其次,最差的是玻璃。     

焙砂与低镍低硒铜阳极泥混合物料加压浸出工艺研究

研究了回转窑处理高镍高硒铜阳极泥产出的焙砂与低镍低硒铜阳极泥混合物料加压浸出新工艺,考察了配料比、浸出酸度、浸出温度、浸出压力、通氧时间和液固比等对混合物料在加压浸出过程中Ni、Cu、Te、Ag、Se等元素浸出率的影响。研究表明,控制焙砂与低镍低硒铜阳极泥质量比1∶2、加压浸出酸度100～120g/L、反应温度160～170℃、釜压0.8MPa、液固比4∶1、通氧反应时间5h时,可有效抑制该混合物料中银、硒的浸出,Ni、Cu、Te的浸出率较高,浸出渣中碲的含量较低,并成功应用于生产实践。     

稀土和铝在皂化氯代环烷酸体系中分配比及分离系数的研究

分别对萃取剂皂化值为0.35mol/L、0.40mol/L,不同料液酸度、铝浓度条件下氯化稀土溶液在皂化氯代环烷酸萃取体系中的稀土和铝分配比及分离系数进行研究,表明当料液中含有中、高浓度铝时,皂化值为0.35mol/L氯化环烷酸体系可以在较高酸度的条件下获得铝和稀土相对更高的分离系数及更好的分离效果.实际生产中可通过提高料液酸度实现铝和稀土的有效分离,同时抑制其它非稀土杂质的萃取,更有利于降低产品中杂质的含量.     

铁尾矿为调质剂的高炉熔渣流动性行为

分析了铁尾矿配比对矿渣成分设计参数的影响规律,采用高温熔体物性综合测定仪测定熔渣黏度、流动性等高温物化性能.采用主成分分析法和多元线性回归原理,建立了主成分与熔渣流动性的数学模型.研究结果表明:调质高炉渣的成分设计参数更符合制取矿渣棉原料的要求;随着铁尾矿配比增加,熔渣黏度有升高的趋势,但高温区黏度较小、流动性较好,适宜的成纤温度区间变宽,调质高炉熔渣黏度、流动性更适合用于制备矿渣纤维;调质高炉熔渣适宜的酸度系数为1.2～1.4,即铁尾矿适宜的质量分数为5％～15％.     

环烷酸萃取体系中单一稀土和铝的分配比及分离系数的研究

对不同萃取剂皂化值、料液酸度和铝浓度条件下,单一稀土和铝在环烷酸体系中的分配比和分离系数进行研究,结构表明料液的酸度较高时,皂化值为0.35 M环烷酸体系可以获得铝和稀土相对更高的分离系数及更好的分离效果。铝离子浓度较低时,料液酸度较高的条件下仍可实现稀土和铝的较好分离,而铝离子浓度较高时(150 mmol/L),料液酸度较高不利于稀土和铝的分离。     

氯代环烷酸体系萃取单一稀土和铝分配比及分离系数的研究

通过对不同萃取剂皂化值、料液酸度和铝浓度条件下,单一稀土和铝在氯代环烷酸体系中的分配比及分离系数的研究分析,阐明了当料液的酸度较高时,皂化值为0.35 mol.L-1氯化环烷酸体系可以获得铝和稀土相对更高的分离系数及更好的分离效果。pH值为0.20左右,对于中、高浓度铝的料液基本都能取得较好的稀土和铝分离效果;pH值为0.10左右,对于低浓度铝的料液基本都能取得较好的稀土和铝分离效果。实际生产中可通过提高料液酸度实现铝和稀土的有效分离,同时抑制其他非稀土杂质的萃取,更有利于降低产品中杂质的含量。     

P204-HCl-H3cit体系分离镨钕的研究

针对P204萃取剂在HCl体系中pH＜2.0条件下镨钕分离系数较低的问题, 研究了含有柠檬酸(H3cit)的P204-HCl体系中, 料液酸度与柠檬酸浓度对镨和钕分配比和分离系数及萃取容量的影响. 用回归分析法建立了以料液酸度和柠檬酸浓度为变量的二元一次线性回归方程, 该方程得到的料液酸度、柠檬酸浓度对分配比和分离系数关系图表明: 在P204-HCl-H3cit体系中, 镨钕的分配比和分离系数随酸度的增大而降低, 随柠檬酸浓度的增加而提高, 稀土元素的萃取容量随柠檬酸浓度的增大而提高. 采用FT-IR方法分析了镨钕分离系数提高的机制. 当料液酸度pH=1.0, 柠檬酸浓度=0.25 mol·L-1时, 镨和钕的分离系数为1.54, 稀土的最大萃取容量为30 g·L-1, 其指标优于相同酸度下的皂化P204-HCl体系.     

COREX熔融气化炉内料柱的透液性指数及影响因素

休风时对COREX熔融气化炉进行风口取样,通过对风口试样的检测分析,用压差度的倒数表示炉内气相对料柱透液性的影响,用空隙度和温度强度的乘积表示炉内的渣铁液相对料柱透液性的影响,建立了表征熔融气化炉料柱透液性的公式.对两批风口试样的研究发现,熔融气化炉内不同位置风口试样的透液性指数与相应位置的滞留铁比呈现一致的对应关系.进一步分析了透液性指数的影响因素,发现在炉况不顺时,未反应完全的酸性脉石直接落入炉缸,导致沿风口径向部分位置的渣样熔化温度高于1500℃,影响了渣铁流动性.提出了增加料层厚度、采取合理的造渣制度、控制均匀的煤气流分布等技术措施,为改善熔融气化炉内料柱的透液性提供帮助.      

用粉煤灰在不同条件下合成A型分子筛

研究了在不同条件下高温碱熔融处理粉煤灰合成A型沸石分子筛,考察了不同碱熔融温度、不同灰碱质量比、不同水热晶化温度、不同水热晶化时间对产物的影响,用XRD、SEM和FT-IR等手段对产品进行了表征,研究结果表明,以粉煤灰为原料用水热合成法合成微孔分子筛时,在碱熔融温度为600℃,灰碱比为1∶2,晶化温度为90℃,晶化时间...     

Mechanism and Prevention of Disintegration of AOD Stainless Steel Slag

 During the cooling process of AOD (argon-oxygen decarburization) stainless steel slag, the serious disintegrating problem happened, which will cause serious environmental pollution. The disintegrating mechanism of the AOD slag was analyzed in detail, and experimental research on prevention of disintegrating of AOD stainless steel slag was developed by adjusting the basicity of the slag and adding the quartz sand and borax. The disintegrating problem during the cooling process of AOD stainless steel slag is caused by the 2CaO·SiO2 phase transformation from α＇-C2S to γ-C2S. By means of adjusting the basicity of the AOD stainless steel slag from 2 to 1. 5 by adding quartz sand, disintegrating of slag was prevented. But the adding amount must arrive at 15% which increases the difficulty of industrialization. Disintegration of AOD stainless steel slag can be effectively controlled by adding borax, and the adding amount is only 0. 5%-0. 8%. This method can be easily industrialized.     

高炉喷吹煤气对成渣过程的影响

向高炉喷吹富氢煤气代替喷煤对高炉成渣过程产生重要的影响.对喷吹煤气后高炉的成渣过程进行了模拟研究,结果表明:FeO的含量决定了初渣的性能.在炉腹区域,氢气具有很强的还原能力,渣中FeO含量迅速减少,但同时炉渣成分快速接近终渣成分,使炉腹渣仍具有较好的熔化性和流动性.由于没有未燃煤粉和煤粉灰分的加入,初渣到终渣的成分变化较小,改善了喷煤气高炉的成渣过程.     

转炉渣掺粉煤灰高温熔融消解游离CaO的试验

在1 500℃高温条件下,通过向转炉渣合理添加粉煤灰能有效消解游离氧化钙（f-CaO）含量。改性实验中考察了粉煤灰不同掺量（4%、6%、10%）对转炉渣中f-CaO的消解效果。结果表明,在1 500℃恒温30min情况下,转炉渣f-CaO的消解率为：掺10%粉煤灰〉掺6%粉煤灰〉掺4%粉煤灰,其消解率分别为67.14%、64.09%、52.33%。对改性渣作XRD衍射分析,认为改性后渣中主要矿物成分为磁铁矿、镁（铝）铁尖晶石、硅酸二钙、硅酸三钙、橄榄石。     

电厂灰渣制备井下膏体充填材料试验研究

为了探究不同灰渣对充填体强度的影响,将流化床底渣、流化床飞灰和粉煤灰按不同比例混合,作为充填骨料,普通硅酸盐水泥作为胶结材料,加水制备膏体材料,进行流动度测试和抗压强度试验。结果表明：（1）流化床灰渣中含有部分胶凝成分,粉煤灰具有减水作用和一定的火山灰活性,二者均为良好的井下充填材料。（2）当膏体材料含水率超过其饱和含水率时,膏体流动性会大幅提高,充填材料发生离析、脱水,导致充填体强度降低。（3）当流化床底渣、飞灰和粉煤灰配比为6∶2∶1,水泥含量为10%,料浆浓度为73%时,坍落度为20 cm,充填体28 d强度可达3.3 MPa。此配比在满足料浆流动度和充填体强度要求的同时,使充填成本大幅降低。（4）将上述配比作为对照组,进行级配优化试验,将原状底渣进行破碎后作为细骨料,以不同比例取代原状底渣。当底渣破碎至粒径小于等于5 mm,取代率为10%~15%时,充填体7 d强度达到2.4 MPa,28 d强度可达3.5 MPa,充填体强度明显提高。该研究结果为电厂灰渣在黄金矿山充填工程中的应用提供了参考和借鉴。     

宝钢钢渣配制灌浆材料的性能研究

利用宝钢钢渣具有一定活性特征,采用宝钢钢渣、粉煤灰等原材料成功配制了用于房屋纠偏和基础加固的多种压密灌浆材料.研究表明:掺入宝钢钢渣后,可提高压密浆灌浆材料的流动性,减少其收缩,加快其凝结时间,明显提高其强度,改善了灌浆材料的多种性能.提出了一种钢渣开发利用的新途径.     

Processing Ash and Slag Wastes from Thermal Power Stations. Part 2

For existing coal-fired power plants, current methods of utilizing ash and slag waste may be considered in addressing new environmental and economic risks. However, for new power sources, environmental considerations are much more important in selecting the coal-combustion technology. Technology based on a circulating fluidized bed is sometimes cited as the most promising approach to environmentally sound coal combustion. It permits significant decrease in emissions of sulfur and nitrogen oxides beyond the boiler, but is of no help in processing ash and slag waste. For waste disposal, a different approach is recommended for new plants or the upgrading of coal-fired plants: instead of coal combustion in a gas flux or a fluidized bed, combustion in bubbling slag melt. Such methods are described. The basic characteristics of pulverized-coal combustion and combustion in slag melt are compared. Two basic approaches to the development of coal-based power generation are proposed: coal combustion with supercritical steam parameters; and gas generation with a hybrid (steam + gas) power-generating cycle based on gasification of solid fuels. The electrical efficiency of steam-based plants may be increased from 30–36 to 44–45% with supercritical steam parameters; and to 50–55% when using a hybrid steam–gas cycle. The proposed industrial system for coal gasification in slag melt increases the overall electrical efficiency. The environmental and economic efficiency of carbon gasification is demonstrated. It is simple to produce components from slag by casting. The cast slag–coal components are of considerably higher quality than analogous cement–sand components with added fly ash. The ease of switching from one type of casting to another permits rapid response to market demand.     

铁尾矿对混凝土性能的影响

为实现铁尾矿的无害化大宗利用,研究了鞍山地区铁尾矿的组成、结构和性能,探讨了用铁尾矿替代河砂配制混凝土对其性能的影响.结果表明:通过掺入粉煤灰、矿渣粉、硅灰等活性矿物掺合料和高效减水剂,可以弥补铁尾矿细度模数小的缺陷,生产出符合工程需要的混凝土.     

高浓度含氟含磷化工废水处理

对采用电石渣和粉煤灰处理高浓度含氟含磷化工废水的方法进行了实验研究，考察了电石渣用量、搅拌反应时间、接触时间等因素的影响，同时确定了粉煤灰的吸附容量．实验结果表明，采用电石渣混凝沉淀─-粉煤灰过滤工艺处理高浓度含氟含磷化工废水，处理后氟、磷及其它各项指标均达到国家排放标准．该方法不仅除氟除磷效果好，而且是以废治废．因此，是同时除氧除磷的一种经济有效的方法．     

Fibrogenic potentials of coal slags used as abrasive blasting substitutes

This study was designed to examine the fibrogenic potentials of four coal slags that are being used as substitutes for silica sand in abrasive blasting. Six groups of 100 male Sprague-Dawley rats, including four coal slag groups, a vehicle control, and a positive control for fibrosis (Minusil quartz), were used. Each dust treatment group was given a single 40-mg dose of test agent via intratracheal instillation. Interim sacrifices of 15 animals per group were performed at 2 d, 3 mo, and 6 mo posttreatment, with the terminal sacrifice conducted at 12 mo. Hematoxylin and eosin stained histologic sections were prepared from designated formalin-fixed tissues collected at each necropsy and examined microscopically. Pulmonary silicon analyses were performed for each group at the 2-d and 12-mo sacrifices. Pulmonary function analyses were conducted for each group at the 3-, 6-, and 12-mo sacrifices. Lung hydroxyproline analyses were conducted for 15 animals in each group at the terminal sacrifice. The pulmonary fibrogenic potentials of the four coal slag groups were compared histologically with the Minusil and vehicle controls. A mild to moderate interstitial fibrosis, which was progressive with time, was noted in each of the coal slag groups. However, the coal slag-induced lung fibrosis was much less than that produced by Minusil. Differences in fibrosis among the individual coal slags were relatively minor and certainly not as striking as those between the slags and Minusil. Other data derived from this study, such as lung hydroxyproline content, pulmonary particulate burdens, pulmonary function, and animal body weights, provided further evidence of a reduced toxicity for the coal slags compared to Minusil.