Ti-Al-Nb-W基合金高温变形过程中的组织演化

在Thermecmastor-Z动态热模拟试验机上对Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W和Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W-0.6B-0.2Y合金进行高温压缩变形实验(实验温度范围为1 050~1 150℃,应变速率范围为0.001~1 s 1),对其热变形组织进行显微分析,并利用热加工Z参数(Zener-Hollomon参数)综合描述变形温度及应变速率对材料热变形行为的影响。结果表明:2种合金在不同高温压缩变形条件下均发生不同程度的动态再结晶;随Z参数值的降低,β相逐渐由不规则形状转变为球形,且长大明显,同时,动态再结晶晶粒的体积含量也随之增加;Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W基合金的高温变形机制与Z参数值密切相关;在低Z值条件下,其主要变形机制为动态再结晶和β相的球化、长大;在高Z值条件下,其主要变形机制为片层的扭折、重新取向和局部动态再结晶;加入微量B和Y后,动态再结晶程度增大,这主要与颗粒诱发动态再结晶形核有关。     

微量B对铸态TiAl基合金显微组织及热变形行为的影响

采用电弧熔炼法制备含微量B元素的Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W-xB(x=0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8。数据为原子分数,%)合金;利用光学显微镜(OM)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究B含量对该铸态合金显微组织的影响,并通过热模拟压缩试验研究温度为1 050~1 200℃、应变速率为10 3~1 s 1的变形条件下Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W-0.6B合金的热变形行为,分析该合金在不同变形条件下的组织演化规律。结果表明:当B含量(质量分数)达到0.6%时,合金组织明显细化;Ti-43Al-4Nb-1.4W-0.6B合金的高温压缩流变应力随变形速率增加以及变形温度降低而增加;其峰值应力与变形条件之间的函数关系可用双曲正弦函数来描述,并以此求得高温变形激活能为580.68 kJ/mol;加入0.6%B对合金动态再结晶形核起到一定的促进作用,热变形后,合金发生明显的动态再结晶。     

纳米TiB增强高铌TiAl合金的热变形行为

以Ti-45Al合金粉、Nb粉、Al粉和TiB2合金粉为原料,采用放电等离子烧结法制备含纳米TiB增强相的Ti-45Al-7Nb-1B合金,通过热模拟实验研究该合金在900~1 200℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为,推导出高温变形流变本构方程,并建立基于动态材料模型的热加工图。结果表明:含纳米TiB增强相的Ti-45Al-7Nb-1B合金的高温流变应力与变形条件之间的关系可用双曲正弦函数描述,其高温变形激活能为497.95k J/mol,在高应变速率(0.1 s-1)条件下变形时,材料发生失稳变形,最佳变形参数区间为1 000~1 130℃/0.001~0.01 s~(-1)。     

Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金热压缩变形流变应力行为与微观组织演变的研究

在Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机上对Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金进行了等温恒应变速率压缩试验,研究了在变形温度为950~1 100℃,应变速率为0.001~1 s-1,最大变形程度为50%的条件下合金的热压缩变形流变应力行为与微观组织演变。结果表明:Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金的流变应力对变形温度和应变速率均较为敏感,其流变应力曲线具有应力峰值、流变软化和稳态流变的特征。在变形温度为950℃,应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1的条件下,Ti-25Al-14Nb-2Mo-1Fe合金的热变形特性为片层组织球化,其热变形机制可用晶界分离球化模型进行解释说明;在变形温度为1 000~1 100℃,应变速率为1 s-1的条件下,材料只发生了动态回复现象;在变形温度为1 050~1 100℃,应变速率为0.001~0.1 s-1的条件下,材料发生了动态再结晶现象。     

粉末冶金Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V合金的热变形行为

以元素粉末为原料,通过混料、冷等静压及真空烧结制备Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V合金,在应变速率为0.001,0.01,0.1和1s~(-1),变形温度为700,800,900和1 000℃的条件下对合金进行热压缩变形,通过建立热变形本构方程,并绘出热加工图,研究粉末冶金钛合金的热变形行为及热加工性能。结果表明,Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V合金在高应变速率下(700~800℃/0.01~1 s~(-1)和800~960℃/0.2~1 s~(-1))变形时发生失稳,失稳机制为局部流变和内部开裂。最佳变形区间为750~900℃/0.001 s~(-1),变形机制为动态再结晶。基于加工图,对Ti-3Al-5Mo-4.5V合金棒材进行高温轧制变形实验,变形量高达98.4%,变形后的合金组织均匀细小。     

Ti-4Al-5Mo-6Cr-5V-1Nb合金的热变形行为及热加工图

基于等温恒应变速率热压缩实验,探究了新型Ti-4Al-5Mo-6Cr-5V-1Nb合金在变形温度700～900℃、应变速率0.001～1.000 s-1条件下的热变形行为.通过真应力-真应变曲线分析了变形参数对合金力学性能的影响规律,选用修正的Arrhenuis双曲正弦函数模型推导了耦合应变的本构方程,基于动态材料模型...     

ODS-310合金的热变形行为及热加工图

采用Gleeble-1500D热模拟试验机研究机械合金化制备的ODS-310合金在变形温度为1 050~1 150℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s-1条件下的高温变形行为,测定其真应力-应变曲线,分析其流变应力与应变速率及变形温度三者之间的关系,并采用Zener-Hollomon参数法建立ODS-310合金的高温变形本构方程,基于动态材料模型,构造ODS-310合金的热加工图。结果表明:ODS-310合金的流变应力随变形温度降低或应变速率提高而增大;该合金热变形过程中的流变行为可用双曲线正弦模型来描述,在实验条件下的平均变形激活能为828.384 kJ/mol;真应变为0.4的热加工图表明,ODS-310合金在高温变形时存在2个加工失稳区,即变形温度为1 050~1 070℃、变形速率为0.01~1s-1的区域,和变形温度为1 130~1 150℃、变形速率为0.1~1 s-1的区域;ODS-310合金的最佳变形温度和应变速率分别为1 150℃和0.001 s-1。     

医用镍钛合金的制备与热压缩变形行为

采用真空感应熔炼法制备了医用Ti-50. 7%Ni合金(原子数分数), 测试了铸态合金的成分、相变点、微观组织和硬度, 并采用Gleeble-3800热模拟实验机在变形温度750~950℃、应变速率0. 001~1 s-1, 应变量为0. 5的条件下对Ni-Ti合金进行高温压缩变形, 分析其流动应力变化规律, 建立了高温塑性变形本构关系和热加工图.结果表明: 当变形温度减小或应变速率增大时, Ni-Ti合金的流动应力会随之增大.应变速率为1 s-1时, 合金的真应力-真应变曲线呈现出锯齿状特征.根据热加工图, 获得了Ni-Ti合金的加工安全区和流变失稳区, 进而确定其合理的热变形温度范围为820~880℃, 真应变速率低于0. 1 s-1.从而为制定镍钛合金的锻造工艺参数提供理论和数据基础.      

基于应变补偿的含稀土Ti_2AlNb基合金高温本构模型

利用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机对Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Y合金试样进行等温恒应变速率压缩试验,采用摩擦及温度对试验数据进行修正,通过多元线性回归拟合的材料参数与应变量多项式函数关系,构建了基于应变补偿的Ti-22Al-24Nb-0.5Y合金本构模型。结果表明:摩擦及温度修正的流动应力更能够真实反映合金在高温变形过程中的动态响应;经摩擦修正后的流动应力均低于实验测得的流动应力,随温度的升高,摩擦修正的流动应力越接近于实测值;在低温高应变速率条件下,温升引起的流动应力变化较大,在低应变速率条件下和变形温度高于1050℃时,温升引起的流动应力变化较小。以应变为4次多项式拟合得到的本构模型能够较好预测热压缩模拟过程中流动应力,其相关系数R达到0.9907,平均相对误差E为4.79%。该模型可作为Ti_2AlNb基合金塑性成形过程中有限元模拟的本构关系。     

基于摩擦修正的TB8合金热压缩流变应力行为分析

采用Gieeble-1500热模拟试验机对TB8(Ti-15Mo-2.7Nb-3Al-0.2Si)合金进行了等温热压缩变形试验,温度范围为750-1100℃,应变速率范围为0.01～1s-1.在热压缩过程中由于摩擦影响导致流变应力不能真实反映材料的高温变形行为.采取一种简便的方法对实验数据进行了摩擦修正,研究了TBS合金热变形流变应力行为,并对合金的变形机制进行了初步探讨.结果表明:热压缩过程中摩擦对于流动应力的影响十分显著,采取的修正方法降低了实验中摩擦引起的误差;TB8合金的热变形行为具有高度的变形温度和应变速率敏感性,随着变形温度的提高和应变速率的降低,真应力显著降低;动态回复和动态再结晶是TB8高温变形时主要软化机制.     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.