非结构网格FVM模型及崖门水道三维模拟研究

模型采用二维三角形网格、三维四面体网格的非结构网格形式,利用有限体积法离散控制体积内积分后的控制方程.通过求解沿水深积分方程作为外模式计算水位,垂向采用坐标系简化表面和底部边界条件,求解三维浅水运动控制方程,计算流速垂向分布.将模型用于崖门水道三维潮流场的计算,利用实测资料对计算结果进行了验证,并对该潮汐河口水动力流场分布及控制因素进行了分析探讨.     

弯道水流的两步隐式算法研究

采用优于SIMPLEC算法的两步隐式解法求解二维曲线坐标系下的浅水方程,建立了二维弯道水流数学模型。对流项采用二阶精度的Roe格式离散;物理变量采用适体坐标系下的同位网格布置,网格界面流速由动量插值法计算;紊动黏性系数由修正的k-ε模型确定。采用此模型对弯道内的水流流动进行了数值模拟,计算结果和实测数据吻合较好。     

一般曲线坐标系平面二维水沙数学模型研究与应用

对笛卡尔坐标系下控制方程进行坐标变换,采用控制体积法与SIMPLE算法对方程进行离散和求解,建立了一般曲线坐标系平面二维全沙模型。模型控制方程离散时物理量布置采用同位网格,避免了采用交错网格时所需的大量插值计算,提高了计算效率。模型较全面地考虑了非均匀悬移质及推移质运动,具有较好的普遍适用性。通过长江沙市河段1996年至2001年实测水沙资料对模型进行了较系统的验证,计算结果表明模型能够较合理反映天然河道水沙运动及河床变形规律。     

长江中游分汊型河道二维水沙数值模拟

针对长江分汊型河道边界复杂的特点,建立了基于多连通域贴体正交曲线坐标系下的二维水沙数学模型.模型采用有限差分法离散平面二维水流运动方程和泥沙输运方程,通过非恒定流多个时间步逼近模拟恒定流的方法,模拟了多分汊河段的水位、流速场及泥沙场.将所建模型初步应用于长江中游典型分汊河段--窑监河段的水沙过程模拟,结果表明模型能较好地模拟分汊河道的水沙运动规律.     

伶仃洋三维流场数值模拟

使用σ坐标变换技术，将（ｘ，ｙ，ｚ，ｔ）坐标系中的三维非线性Ｎａｖｉｅｒ－Ｓｔｏｋｅｓ方程转换成（ｘ，ｙ，ａ，ｔ）坐标系中的方程，采用有限差分方法进行离散求解，用垂向（σ向）积分的连续方程求解水位，用动量方程求解流速垂直结构，在水平方向上使用非交错正方网格，σ向等间距分层，从而建立三维流场数学模型。应用本模型对多口门、多岛屿、地形及岸线复杂的伶洋的枯季、洪季流场进行了数值模拟。将模拟结果与多个水位、流速同步测站的实测资料进行比较，无论是水位、垂线平均流速、流向过程线还是流速的垂向分布形式与量值，二者均吻合较好。根据模拟计算结果，对伶洋流场的平面及空间结构特征进行了分析。     

曲线坐标系下波浪传播的数学模型及其比较与验证

引入自适应网格技术，建立了曲线坐标系下考虑能耗影响的缓变水深水域波浪传播的数值模拟模型，通过在模型中引入能量耗散项以更好地处理全透射边界。基于原型缓坡方程，完善了等水深的轴对称双导堤水域内波浪传播的精确解表达式及其计算结果；提供了等水深的环形河道水域内较为详细的精确解。在极坐标系下就等水深的轴对称双导堤水域内波浪的传播，推导了缓坡方程的小角度抛物近似模型的解析解表达式。就上述两水域内波浪传播的数值模拟模型的数值解、抛物近似模型的解、精确解进行了详细比较，说明数值解与精确解相吻合、数值模拟模型比小角度和大角度抛物近似模型具有更高的精度。数值模拟模型能较好地模拟水深复杂变化的地形上波浪的传播，能有效反映波浪传播过程中的多种物理现象。     

90°强曲率弯管内紊流数值计算

本文运用三维平均N—S方程和k、ε双方程模型在贴体坐标系中结合SIMPLE算法求解了强曲率方形断面90°弯管内的紊流流动。本文采用非交错网格克服压力场的波动和七对角强隐式方法求解代数方程组以加快SIMPLE方法的收敛速度。经与实测资料比较表明,本文计算结果合理,方法可靠。     

小浪底水库三维水沙数学模型初步研究

采用基于交错网格的有限体积法,对转换得到的贴体坐标系下的三维动量方程和к-ε方程进行了离散,采用SIMPLE-C方法对速度场和压力场进行了耦合求解,并通过求解基于二维水深方程的Poisson方程来确定自由面,固体边界则采用壁面函数法处理.三维方腔流的计算结果表明,模型有着良好的稳定性,且精度可以满足要求.     

平面二维河床冲淤计算有限体积法

给出了边界层坐标系下平面二维河床冲淤计算数学模型方程 ,并用河势贴体正交曲线二维网格形式来划分计算区域 ,模型控制方程及定解条件采用有限体积法进行离散 ,数值求解基于SIMPLE算法。该模型用武汉河段天然实测资料进行了验证 ,并在工程实践中得到了大量的应用和检验     

双馈风力发电矢量控制电流环参数特性分析

基于dq坐标系模型的矢量控制是双馈风力发电中应用较广的控制策略，但一般都按照并网前和并网后2种模式进行研究。文中建立了并网前后的双馈电机统一数学模型，并将控制器与双馈电机转子方程统一为一个4阶模型。详细分析了转子电流环控制参数对系统控制性能的影响，提出了控制参数的设计原则和方法，最后通过仿真验证了这种方法的有效性和实用性。     

Hydrologically Based Environmental Flow Methods Applied to Rivers in the Maritime Provinces (Canada)

The demand for water withdrawal continues to increase worldwide. These water withdrawals from rivers can affect fish habitat and aquatic life. As such, environmental flow assessment methods are used in order to protect rivers against excessive water withdrawals. The concept of environmental flow relates to the quantity of water required in rivers to sustain an acceptable level of living conditions for aquatic biota at various phases of their development. For many agencies, environmental flow methods are essential in environmental impact assessments and in the protection of important fisheries resources. The present study deals with the evaluation of hydrologically based environmental flow methods within the Maritime Province of Canada. In total, six hydrologically based environmental flow methods were compared using data from 52 hydrometric stations across the region. Some methods provided adequate environmental flow protection (e.g. 25% mean annual flow and Q₅₀ flow duration method); however, other methods did not provide adequate flow protection (e.g. Q₉₀ flow duration method and 7Q10 and 7Q2 low‐flow frequency). The 70% Q₅₀ method provided adequate flow protection only under good baseflow conditions and should be applied with extreme caution. The present study shows the importance of the hydrologic flow regime, particularly as it pertains to the baseflow component, as a significant determinant in the level of instream flow protection. © 2014 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. River Research and Applications © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

AN APPROACH IN MODELING TWO-DIMENSIONAL PARTIALLY CAVITATING FLOW

1. INTRODUCTIONCavitation is a phenomenon that widely occurs in liquids. When the flow leads to the local pressure below the saturation vapor pressure of water (the fluid medium, in our research), usually incipient cavitation firstly occurs on the solid b…     

台阶式溢流坝中小流量流态改善方式研究

台阶式溢流坝有显著的掺气效果和消能效果,目前在中小型工程中广泛应用。但是台阶式溢流坝在小流量浅水深的工况下,坝面上流态较差,呈现跌流或者过渡流态,容易形成水翅和水流跃离现象。为了解决上述问题,本文结合某工程通过水工模型试验研究对台阶起始端的体型进行优化,结果表明优化方案能够很好地改善较小流量时的过渡流态。     

中小型泄水工程利用附着混合流消能问题的探讨

本文介绍了混合流的概念，结合某一中型水库的试验，观测了混合流在抬高尾水时的下游流态。流速分布的变化规律以及对消能效果的影响。从而说明了低水头泄洪建筑物利用挑流消能有更多的可能性。     

Application of the ‘natural flow paradigm’ in a New Zealand context

The natural flow paradigm (NFP) emphasizes the need to partially or fully maintain or restore the range of natural intra‐ and interannual variation of hydrologic regimes to protect native biodiversity and the evolutionary potential of aquatic, riparian and wetland ecosystems. Based on our studies of natural and managed flow regimes in New Zealand, we do not believe that all components of the natural flow regime are necessary to achieve the objectives of the NFP, either partially or fully, because many aquatic species have very flexible niches and life‐history requirements (i.e. there is ‘ecological redundancy’). Obviously, maintaining the natural flow regime will maintain the hydrologic and hydraulic conditions necessary for sustaining natural ecosystems. However, if there is adequate knowledge of what ‘values’ need to be maintained in a waterway, and the aspects of the flow regime that are required to maintain those values are also known, then regimes can be designed that target these requirements and thus optimize conditions for the ‘values’. We believe that an assessment of ecosystem requirements using information on river processes together with habitat requirements and life‐history strategies of biota can achieve the best balance between resource use and sustaining ecosystem function and value, and show examples where changes to natural flow regimes have maintained, or even improved, instream values in some New Zealand rivers. We caution that simple flow‐based rules, such as those that might be developed under the NFP, could be unnecessarily restrictive on multiple use of water in New Zealand while, at the same time, preclude the opportunity for enhancement of key ecosystem values in many waterways. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

ON THE CALCULATION OF FLOW OVER AND THROUGH A ROCK-FILL DAM

1.INTRODUCTIONInthedesignofanovertoppedrock--filldam,oneofthemajortasksistodecidethesizeofthedownstreamprotection.Theovertoppedrock--filldamismadeofporousmedia,thereforethewaterwillpenetrateintothedamfromtheupperfaceandemergeoutofitfromthelowerpart,whileitflowsoverthedam.Hence,theprotectionissubjectedtotheactionofboththeoverflowandtheseepageflow,andneitherofthemcanbenegligible.Inthiscase,theflowfieldconsistsoftwoparts:theopenflowandtheseepageflow,whichhavedifferentproperties.Infact,forthe…     

直槽流动失稳过程数值模拟的可视化

本文利用计算机可视化的方法对直槽流动的数值模拟结果进行了处理，得到了若干组显示涡量场和涡管运动变化的计算机动画，通过对这些直观的动画进行分析，发现了直槽流动失稳的一些现象，对于流动稳定性的研究具有一定的参考价值。     

低含沙水流运动特性综述

本文着重综述了清水水流、挟沙水流的流速分布动特性、能量间分配关系等流动现象的内部规律，并系统分析比较了它们的异同，文中还兼论了卡门常数。     

无旋流研究

本文将变分法和流网相结合,从理论上证明了无旋流条件下流量达到极大值,并总结出流量达到极大值时,下游流动的两种表现形式:临界流和均速流。文中给出了下游流动分别为临界流和均速流两种情况下的7个实例。在无旋流条件下,应用本文的结果可以进行如下两种情况的计算:(1)利用求极大值来求流量;(2)当流量已知时,如果下游流动为临界流,则可求水深及流速;如下游流动为均速流,则可求流速等。