斜坡封闭式水平板波浪上托力计算方法及实例应用

在斜坡封闭式平板波浪上托力机理研究基础上，本文针对实际工程应用要求。提出相对简便的斜坡封闭式平板下波浪局部上托力和最大总上托力计算方法，包括上托力大小、分布宽度和发生位置。具体工程实例计算结果表明，该方法与实验值有着较好的一致性。     

波浪与透空式水平板相互作用数值模拟研究

基于计算流体动力学软件Flow3D,建立了模拟规则波与透空式水平板相互作用的三维数值波浪水槽。将数值模拟结果与实验资料进行了对比验证,结果表明,所建三维数值波浪模型能准确计算出作用在平板上的波浪浮托力,并能很好地模拟出波浪遇平板发生的波面流场变化及作用在平板底部压强分布变化。将模型应用于计算作用在海洋平台主船体底部波浪浮托力,所得结果可为工程设计提供参考依据。     

椭圆余弦波对透空直立防波堤波浪力解析计算

根据椭圆余弦波理论与水波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了浅水区水波对透空防波堤的波浪作用,并取得了满足椭圆余弦波一阶分量边值问题提法的反射和透射波势的数学解。由此得出作用于直立透空防波堤的水平波浪力和力矩算式,并与浅水条件下的Airy波理论加以比较,说明浅水条件下椭圆余弦波理论更能反映非线性因素变化对波浪力及力矩的影响。     

弹性支撑水平板上的波浪冲击压力试验研究

该文通过物理模型试验对不同弹性支撑的透空式水平板结构的波浪冲击作用进行了研究。试验在大连理工大学海岸和近海工程国家重点实验室的波浪水槽中进行。通过试验比较分析了三种不同支撑刚度的水平板底面的波浪冲击压力历时曲线变化特性,给出了冲击压力沿结构物底面的分布规律,讨论了结构物底面最大冲击压力和冲击力与结构物支撑刚度的关系,分析了波浪冲击压力及冲击力随结构物相对净空的变化规律。     

波浪对圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤绕射的解析计算

在微幅波绕射理论的基础上,使用特征函数展开法,推导了圆柱外接圆弧型防波堤复合结构的水波绕射的解析解,并据此计算了该结构所受到的波浪载荷以及绕射波面分布。计算结果表明:与单一圆柱相比,外接圆弧型防波堤的存在可明显降低作用于圆柱的波浪载荷和圆柱表面的波浪爬高;采用外接堤表面密实或透空而内圆柱表面透空的结构形式可以取得圆柱防浪的较佳效果;结构透空系数、波浪入射角度、外接堤张角、外堤半径与水深比、水深与波长比等因素的变化对绕射波浪作用均存在一定影响。     

浅水波与圆弧型贯底式防波堤的相互作用

该文基于椭圆余弦波绕射理论,应用特征函数展开法,推导了浅水波对圆弧型贯底式多孔介质防波堤绕射的波势解,并据此解析计算了作用于防波堤的水平波浪载荷与浅水波波面分布。计算结果表明:浅水波入射角与非线性影响参数、海况条件以及防波堤几何条件等因素的相对变化对波浪作用均存在一定的影响,结构透空可以明显减弱防波堤所受波浪作用。与微幅波理论对比可知:在一定浅水条件下采用椭圆余弦波一阶分量模型所计算的最大无量纲波浪力、力矩和波面分布值均明显高于微幅波理论的对应估值,反映了水波非线性因素的影响效应。     

水平斜插板透空式防波堤消波性能数值模拟

通过改进已有的防波堤模型，建立了一种新型水平斜板透空式防波堤模型。基于VOF方法建立了波浪与水平斜板防波堤相互作用的数值模型。经数值模拟研究了该新型水平斜板防波堤结构对波浪透射系数的影响，主要考虑了斜板角度、波陡、相对板间距、相对板宽和相对出水高度等因素对防波堤消波效果的影响。模拟结果显示:①水平斜插板透空式防波堤比水平板透空式防波堤的消波效果好。在斜插板作用下，随着斜板角度增大，透射系数逐渐增大，但增幅逐渐减小；②随着波陡增大，透射系数先减后增；③随着水平板间距增加，透射系数增大；④随着防波堤相对板宽的增大，透射系数逐渐减小；⑤随着防波堤出水高度增加，透射系数先减后增。结果表明，该新型结构防波堤的消波效果显著，可以很好地消减波浪，应用前景良好。     

T型透空式防波堤消波性能的理论分析

基于线性波浪理论,对T型透空式防波堤的消波性能进行了理论分析。在考虑水平板和竖直板厚度的条件下,通过特征函数展开法,给出流域内速度势的一般表达式,由速度势和速度的连续条件确定表达式中的待定系数,从而得到T型透空式防波堤对波浪的反射系数和透射系数随波数的变化关系,并对影响T型透空式防波堤消波性能的因素如水平板的潜深和竖直板高度等进行了计算和分析。计算结果与现有相关理论结果吻合良好;水平板的潜深和竖直板的高度对淹没和出水T型透空式防波堤的消波性能有较大影响。     

直墙波浪力计算中几个问题的探讨

由于近岸波浪动力受地形等主要因素的影响变化剧烈,尤其伴随着波浪破碎,增加了直墙上波浪力确定的困难。直墙上波浪力的确定在现阶段仍以物理模型试验为主。然而,不同的研究者所得的结果往往差异较大。文中通过物理模型试验,对直墙上波浪力计算中几个常见的问题进行了进一步的研究和探讨,提出同时刻压强沿水深的分布型式主要有局部冲击型、均匀分布型和过渡型三种。分析结果可为直墙波浪力更为准确的确定提供依据。     

桩基挡板式透空堤透浪系数计算及试验研究

在威格尔对直板透浪系数研究基础上,采用微幅波理论并结合不同透空堤结构尺寸(挡浪板宽度与挡板间距之和D,桩基的宽度b及挡浪板间距△D组合)推导透空堤透浪系数计算公式.并基于广东新港荔枝湾防波堤模型试验,研究了挡浪板的相对入水深度、挡浪板间距、不同波浪重现期对透浪系数的影响,验证了理论推导透浪系数计算公式的合理性,计算了波浪条件d/L≤0.245和t/d=0.35～0.78范围内的透空堤透浪系数,为确定合理的透空式防波堤结构提供设计依据.     

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON TOTAL UPLIFT FORCES OF WAVES ON HORIZONTAL PLATES

The total uplift forces of waves acting on horizontal plates are the important basis for the design of maritime hollow-trussed structures. In this paper, an experimental study on the total uplift forces of waves on horizontal plates was conducted by a series of model tests. The results show that the maximum total uplift forces do not necessarily occur with the maximum impact pressure intensity synchronously. On the basis of the test results, formation mechanism of the total uplift forces of waves as well as its influencing factors were analyzed in detail, and an equation for calculation of the maximum total uplift forces of waves on plates was put forward. Lots of test data shows the present equation is in good agreement with the test results.     

Wave-current impacts on surface-piercing structure based on a fully nonlinear numerical tank

Fully nonlinear wave-body interactions for a surface-piercing structure with combined wave-current flow in different water depths are studied by using a 2-D numerical tank. The model is based on Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations and renormalization group(RNG) k- model. The mean and maximum wave-current impacts, including forces in two directions and rotational moment, are calculated and discussed. The effects of U/ C and water depth condition on forces and moment have been investigated and the results for combined irregular waves and currents are compared with those induced by combined regular waves and currents.     

上拔力-水平力-扭矩组合荷载作用下斜桩承载特性模型试验

斜桩广泛应用于桥梁、水上钻井平台及风力发电基础等工程中,其承载特性十分复杂。为揭示上拔力-水平力-扭矩共同作用下斜桩单桩的承载特性,利用自主设计制作的加载设备,在砂土地基中开展了4根斜桩室内模型试验,研究了桩身倾角、上拔及水平荷载对受扭斜桩桩顶水平位移、扭转角及桩身扭矩、弯矩的影响。试验结果表明：斜桩水平承载力随桩身倾角的增大而增大;倾角及上拔荷载的增大均会导致斜桩极限扭转承载力的减小;斜桩最大弯矩受到桩身倾斜角度及桩顶上拔荷载的影响,随其增加而增加;组合荷载作用下的斜桩存在有效荷载传递深度。     

Extreme wave loads on submerged water intakes in shallow water

This paper provides new guidance concerning the hydrodynamic loads on submerged intake structures located in shallow water under breaking and non-breaking waves. Results from a series of experiments conducted in a large wave flume at 1:15 scale to study the hydrodynamic forces exerted on a generic intake structure located on a sloping seabed in shallow water below breaking and non-breaking irregular waves are presented. Based on analysis of the experimental data, empirical relationships are developed to describe the peak loads in terms of characteristic wave parameters such as significant wave height and peak wave period. The distribution of the peak loads across different parts of the intake structure is also described. Drag and inertia force coefficients for the horizontal forcing on the intake structure and for the main structural sub-components are derived and presented. It is shown that the well-known Morison equation, with appropriate drag and inertia force coefficients, can provide reasonable estimates of the moderate horizontal loads, but the peak loads are less well predicted.     

WAVE MOTION OVER TWO SUBMERGED LAYERS OF HORIZONTAL THICK PLATES

This study investigates the hydrodynamic performance of a submerged two layer horizontal plate breakwater. The plate thickness is considered as non-zero in the study. In the context of linear potential theory, an analytical solution for interaction of water waves with the plates is obtained using the matched eigenfunction expansion method. The solution consists of a symmetric part and an antisymmetric part. Its validity is confirmed by comparing the numerical results of reflection and transmission coefficients for limiting cases with previous predictions. Numerical examples are given to examine the major factors that affect the reflection and transmission coefficients of the plates. Some useful results are presented for engineering design.     

上拔荷载对斜桩水平承载性状影响的试验研究

斜桩在承受水平荷载的同时,往往会受到上拔荷载的作用。为研究上拔荷载对斜桩水平承载性状的影响,开展了10根直、斜桩的室内模型试验,研究上拔荷载对斜桩桩顶水平位移和水平承载力的影响,对比了直桩与斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力的差异,并分析了上拔荷载对正、负斜桩桩身内力及桩侧摩阻力的影响规律。模型试验结果表明:上拔荷载从直桩水平极限承载力的12.5%增大到75%时,正斜桩水平承载力比增大21%,负斜桩水平承载力比减小25%。上拔荷载的存在会使正、负斜桩桩身轴力均增大,且上拔荷载越大,桩身轴力越大。上拔荷载能减小正斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力,使其抵抗弯矩和剪力的能力得到提高,而增大负斜桩桩身弯矩和剪力,使其抵抗弯矩和剪力的能力被削弱;不论正斜桩还是负斜桩,其上部区段桩身侧表面均出现了方向向上的摩阻力,而下部区段桩身侧表面均为方向向下的摩阻力,随着上拔荷载的增大,斜桩桩身侧摩阻力逐渐增大。     

用强化假定不连续应变实体单元分析弹性地基薄板

用强化假定不连续应变(EAS)实体单元离散弹性地基薄板,假设板上的荷载按分布力形式传递到地基中,根据半无限空间上任一点节点力与任一点处的位移关系用高斯积分法建立了地基表面分布力与节点位移关系表达式,在此基础上根据地基与板间的位移协调及静力平衡条件,建立了以板上的节点位移为未知量的有限元方程.算例分析表明,采用强化假定不连续应变实体单元分析薄板类问题是合理的,进行弹性地基薄板受力分析时考虑地基分布反力是必要的.     

多层水平板衰减波浪的影响因素分析

基于线性波浪理论,进行多层水平板对波浪的反射和透射作用研究。通过分解速度势为对称势和反对称势,结合特征函数展开法,在考虑水平板厚度的条件下由匹配条件确定速度势展开式中的待定系数,进而得到结构对波浪的反射系数和透射系数。所得结果与现有相关的理论解、数值解以及试验结果吻合较好。对相对水深、相对宽度、相对厚度以及水平板层数等对结构衰减波浪的影响进行了深入探讨和分析,给出了反射系数和透射系数随上述参数的变化规律。     

Time-domain hydrodynamic analysis of pontoon-plate floating breakwater

The hydrodynamic behaviors of a floating breakwater consisting of a rectangular pontoon and horizontal plates are studied theoretically. The fluid motion is idealized as two-dimensional linear potential flow. The motions of the floating breakwater are assumed to be two-dimensional in sway, heave, and roll. The solution to the fluid motion is derived by transforming the governing differential equation into the integral equation on the boundary in time domain with the Green’s function method. The motion equations of the floating breakwater are established and solved with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to obtain the displacement and velocity of the breakwater. The mooring forces are computed with the static method. The computational results of the wave transmission coefficient, the motion responses, and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are given. It is indicated that the relative width of the pontoon is an important factor influencing the wave transmission coefficient of the floating breakwater. The transmission coefficient decreases obviously as the relative width of the pontoon increases. The horizontal plates help to reduce the wave transmission over the floating breakwater. The motion responses and the mooring forces of the pontoon-plate floating breakwater are less than those of the pontoon floating breakwater. The mooring force at the offshore side is larger than that at the onshore side.