不同上下游倒悬比琴键堰泄流特性试验研究

琴键堰是一种新型的迷宫堰,具有超强的泄流能力,受地形限制影响小等特点,被认为是目前解决水库泄流能力不足的有效方案之一。为了弄清楚琴键堰关键体型参数之一——上下游倒悬比(B_o/B_i)对其泄流能力的影响规律,在长16 m、宽0.5 m、深0.75 m的矩形钢化玻璃水槽中建立了三种不同上下游倒悬比的琴键堰模型并分别进行了19种不同流量工况下的过流试验,得到了对应工况时水面线的高清实拍照片和琴键堰的上下游水位等信息。结果表明:不同上下游倒悬比的琴键堰模型上的自由表面均呈现有随流量增大而由水平到弯曲再到大斜率倾斜的变化过程。对于B_o/B_i大于1的琴键堰模型,B_o/B_i越大,琴键堰的超泄比越大且泄流能力也越强。当B_o/B_i为2.5时,其泄流量最大比B_o/B_i=1时提高约16%。另外,通过量纲分析的方法,进一步拟合了含多参数、高精度的琴键堰泄流系数公式。     

琴键堰泄流能力影响因素与计算分析研究

近年来特大洪水和超标准洪水频繁发生,已建水利工程泄流能力不足问题日益突出。琴键堰在适当低水头条件下具有高效泄流效率。归纳了琴键堰主要结构参数对其泄流能力的影响及最佳取值,总结了琴键堰流态对泄流能力的影响,分析了琴键堰发生低水头行为的条件参数。通过对比现有琴键堰泄流能力估算公式,并结合国内外已有试验数据,采用遗传算法拟合推导了基于溢流堰轴线长度L、堰宽W、堰长B、堰高P、进出水宫室宽度比W_i/W_o及上下游倒悬长度比B_o/B_i流量系数计算式,整体误差小于6%。该式计算简单,适用于琴键堰整体泄流能力估算,可根据实际需求选取合适的估算公式。琴键堰主要结构参数的最佳取值及泄流能力的计算方法可为超标准洪水条件下泄流建筑物设计或改建提供估算依据。     

琴键堰增设护墙对泄流能力影响的模型试验研究

为探究在堰顶增设护墙以及护墙高度对琴键堰泄流能力的影响,通过模型试验对比分析了8种不同高度护墙琴键堰的泄流能力,并通过数值模拟对5种不同高度护墙琴键堰各溢流前缘的泄流量、水面形态以及流速分布等特征进行了分析。结果表明:相较于基础体型,增设护墙提高了进口和出口宫室的泄流效率和泄流量占比,提高了侧堰泄流量,减少了侧堰溢流碰撞,提高了水流下泄流速,从而提升了琴键堰的泄流能力;增设护墙高度为堰高的13%时,泄流能力提升最大,当相对水头 H/P<0.20、0.20相似文献   

琴键堰不同堰高泄流特性的数值模拟

采用基于VOF自由面捕捉的全三维紊流数值模拟的方法,对琴键堰各个流量断面进行了泄流量的分析。通过比较五种不同堰高的琴键堰的泄流情况,分别从各个断面的流量所占的百分比、单宽流量和泄流效率等方面,得出了堰高对各断面的影响,从而得出了堰高越高泄流能力越强的结论,为今后的工程和研究提供参考。     

侧壁角对梯形琴键堰泄流能力的影响

梯形琴键堰(T.P.K堰)是琴键堰(P.K堰)的进一步发展,具有泄流能力强、受地形限制影响小等优点。为了研究不同侧壁角对T.P.K堰泄流能力的影响,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型VOF法追踪自由表面,对5种不同侧壁角的堰型进行三维数值模拟。结果表明:α＜0°对T.P.K堰的泄流能力产生不利影响;随着侧壁角的增大,泄流能力得到了提升,当α=9°时,泄流量不再提高。利用数值模拟的优点,分别对T.P.K堰不同溢流前缘的泄流能力进行研究,并且揭示了侧壁角对泄流能力的内在影响机理。     

组合式迷宫堰水力特性的模型实验研究

本文在前人研究迷宫堰的基础之上,将传统的宽项堰与迷宫堰相结合,打破常规,对已有的堰型进行改造.通过对其水力特性的深入研究,以实现提高堰的泄流能力的同时节约工程造价,更好地实现提高泄流能力和泄流效率的目的.通过实际的实验数据的采集、分析整理,分析讨论对不同的堰高比、不同的布设形式,在展宽比、宽高比均相同的条件下,水头比和...     

琴键堰过流水力特性数值模拟

琴键堰是一种新型的迷宫堰结构形式,其特点是相同堰宽、水头条件下泄流能力提升显著,采用RNG k-ε型湍流数学模型,VOF法处理自由水面,建立三维数学模型。通过对不同工况琴键堰体型的模拟计算,获得三维流场水流流态、流速等信息。结果表明:(1)采用Fluent软件对琴键堰进行数值模拟的适用性强,并验证了琴键堰的泄流效果显著;(2)琴键堰的三维流场流态复杂,具有三元水流的性质,堰上水头的变化影响琴键堰的泄流能力;(3)上、下游处水流呈明渠流状态,速度最小,为0.2m/s,流经堰体时形成水舌,流速增大,水舌与堰壁间空腔处有通气孔掺气,形成漩涡区,气体流速2m/s,水舌入水后有水气混掺。利用数值模拟技术,使获得的流场信息更加详尽,为进一步研究琴键堰流场特性奠定基础。     

迷宫堰在镇安县包家垭电站前池溢流的应用

迷宫堰的堰体在平面上呈锯齿形布置,增加溢流前沿长度,在相同水头、堰长下比其他堰型泄流能力大,而且降低工程造价,具有经济、高效、方便布置以及美化环境等优点,在镇安包家垭电站前池溢流设计中得到了很好的应用。     

基于溢流前缘长度变化的迷宫堰过流能力拟合分析

即便是山区峡谷水库,迷宫堰在低水头情况下的超泄能力也比较大,但随堰顶水头增加,其过流能力降低明显。依托既有试验研究成果,结合过堰水流随流量增大,其流态从薄壁堰流逐渐过渡到真空实用堰流的现象,对比分析W型迷宫堰流量系数的变化;进而运用Origin软件对试验数据进行数学方法回归分析,给出迷宫堰溢流前缘长度随堰顶水头增加而减小的拟合公式。在此基础上,得到基于溢流前缘长度变化的W型和V型迷宫堰过流能力拟合公式。其成果能够很好说明迷宫堰溢流前缘长度以及过流能力随水头增加而变化的现象。     

墩头超长实用堰泄洪安全分析及模型试验验证——以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例

以缅甸DAPEIN(Ⅰ)水电站工程为例,论述了将WES实用堰的闸墩墩头向上游超长延伸之后,对泄洪安全所造成的影响。针对WES实用堰流量系数、堰面动水压力容易受边界因子影响的特点,对设计断面的堰顶布置和墩头形状进行了优化。根据堰面空化数计算公式及水流特性推导出计算的关键部位,对空化数进行计算。采用几何比尺为1∶60的物理模型对溢流堰的泄流能力和堰面动水压力进行了试验测试。试验结果表明:溢流堰的模型试验泄流能力和设计泄流能力非常相近。堰面动水压力除工况2的B4测点出现了-1.2 k Pa的微小负压值外,其余堰面时均压强值均大于0。从而,在泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面都验证了这种设计方案的合理性。该工程所遇到的结构布置问题在中低溢流坝工程中属常见问题,解决思路可为今后类似工程建设借鉴参考。     

An iterative hydraulic design methodology based on numerical modeling for piano key weirs

Piano Key Weir (PKW) is a special type of overflow weir which provides an improved discharge capacity with its increased crest length. Increased discharge capacity makes this weir an attractive alternative in the rehabilitation of existing spillways. After the introduction of this new weir type, many experimental and numerical studies are conducted to understand the effect of the numerous geometrical parameters on the discharge capacity. However, empirical discharge formulas suggested by different researchers are not conforming to a unique expression mostly due to dependence on the experimental conditions from which they are derived. A numerical approach is used in the present study to investigate the dependence of discharge capacity of a PKW unit on several geometric parameters. Numerical models are developed and three-dimensional velocity fields are computed using FLOW-3D® software. Discharge efficiency of a PKW over an equivalent linear sharp-crested weir is evaluated within the practical range of parameters from 145 numerical solutions for 29 different PKW models. Numerically obtained data is used to form dimensionless expressions for the weir height and length as function of discharge efficiency which are proposed to facilitate an iterative numerical solution to meet the design requirements of a given project. This approach allows cost optimization while dimensioning the PKW for the required hydraulic capacity. The design procedure based on iterative numerical solutions is described and exemplified.     

Z形薄壁堰过流能力试验

鉴于Z形堰的水流特性及过流能力尚未见到相关报道,为研究Z形堰的过流能力,采用概化水工模型,进行了6个堰型方案、12组流量的水工模型试验。结果表明,Z形堰的过流能力大于直线堰,且Z形堰的展宽比越大,流量扩大倍数越大;Z形堰的流量计算可采用通用的堰流公式,其综合流量系数与堰上水深、堰高、展长、前堰宽、后堰宽等因素有关,展宽比、前后堰宽比越大,流量系数越大;堰上水深与堰高之比越大,流量系数越小。利用试验数据给出了考虑堰上水深与堰高之比、展宽比、前后堰宽比等因素的Z形堰流量系数估算公式。     

Experimental and Numerical Study of Discharge Capacity and Sediment Profile Upstream of Piano Key Weirs with Different Plan Geometries

Piano key weirs (PKWs) are an improved form of labyrinth weirs, which are becoming popular as a more hydraulically efficient and cost-effective type of weir over its counterparts for both spillway and river flow conditions. More than thirty PKWs are already in construction worldwide, with constructions in India at Swara Kuddu. More than twenty parameters influence the flow over a PKW, and as such, the flow hydraulics near PKW is complex. It is imperative to study the performance of different shapes of PKW to know which shape offers more hydraulically and cost-effective advantages over other shapes. The present study combines the experimental and numerical study of discharge capacity and sediment carrying capacity of the different plan geometries of PKW. The experimental study of the discharging capacity of PKW has been carried out at eighteen discharge points for three plan geometries of PKW. A numerical study using ANSYS FLUENT has also been carried out at five discharges and compared with the experimental results. Vertical velocity near a weir is an essential factor facilitating the uplift of sediment. Sediment profile in the channel has been studied at three discharges experimentally for two types of PKWs: RPKW and TPKW6, all for free-flow conditions. The numerical study has also been carried out at these experimental discharges for studying the vertical component of velocity (v) upstream of PKW. An attempt has been made to isolate critical areas where the sediments are being lifted by the turbulence mechanism, thus helping them pass over the weir. The study shows PKW with a rectangular plan (RPKW) to be more hydraulically efficient than TPKWs with six-degree and thirteen-degree lateral crest variations (TPKW6 & TPKW13). The study also shows RPKW to be more self-cleaning in nature than its trapezoidal counterpart (TPKW6). Numerical study shows a close resemblance to the experimental results with errors well within permissible limits implying its greater use in ascertaining complex flows around hydraulic structures.

     

低实用堰水力特性及其对工程的影响

通过物理模型试验和数学模型相结合的手段,对比分析了某低水头水利枢纽在运行中 WES 堰和改进后折线型实用堰的行洪能力和过沙能力。结果表明：2种堰型均能满足规范中平原地区的行洪能力要求,而 WES 堰的行洪能力略优于改进后折线型实用堰,但改进后折线型实用堰的堰面紊动强度较大、范围较广,能有效增强水流挟沙能力,易使泥沙起动,一定程度上能避免堰面泥沙淤积问题,从而保证检修闸门正常工作,保障枢纽安全运行。综合对比分析,推荐采用改进后折线型实用堰。     

引水工程分水口型式设计与过流能力研究

通过理论计算和模型试验,对东湖水电站引水隧洞工程清河分水口分流堰及侧堰过流能力进行对比分析,同时验证了侧堰泄槽的过流能力:分流堰过流能力研究按照自由出流及下游水位225.68 m两种工况考虑,侧堰过流能力研究按照闸门全关闭及局部开启两种工况考虑。研究结果表明,分流堰、侧堰以及泄槽的过流能力满足工程需求,设计型式合理可行,可应用于本工程,同时也为其他类似工程的设计提供参考。     

堰式进口溢洪洞设计与水力特性分析

云南晓街河水库工程泄水建筑物采用堰式进口溢洪洞,进口布置开敞式溢流堰,泄槽段采用隧洞型式。由于泄水建筑物结构较为特殊,且上、下游水头差高达79 m,水力特性较为复杂。通过泄流能力、流态、沿程水面线等水力计算分析,并结合模型试验,分析了堰式进口溢洪洞的布置、结构、尺寸等设计要求及水力特性。验证结果表明,设计方案中的溢洪洞泄流能力满足工程要求且流态较好。可为类似工程设计提供一定参考。     

Discharge Coefficient for Trapezoidal Labyrinth Side Weir in Subcritical Flow

The discharge coefficient of a trapezoidal labyrinth side weir is a function of the Froude number F ₁, the dimensionless effective crest length L/ℓ, the dimensionless weir length L/B, the dimensionless weir height p/h ₁, and the sidewall angle α. A labyrinth weir is an overflow weir, folded in plan view to provide a longer total effective length for a given overall weir width. These weirs have advantages compared to the straight overflow weir and the standard ogee crest. Previous studies on the subject have generally focused on rectangular side weirs located on a straight channel. The present study investigates the hydraulic behavior of a trapezoidal labyrinth side weir. The results show that the discharge coefficient of labyrinth side weirs gives a significantly higher coefficient value compare to that of conventional straight side weirs. Discharge coefficient of the trapezoidal labyrinth side weir is 1.5 to 5.0 times higher than the conventional straight side weir. Consequently, an equation for the coefficient of discharge is introduced. The results predicted by the equation were shown to be very satisfactory using root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE) and correlation coefficient (R) statistics.     

表孔溢流堰体型优化设计及模型试验验证

溢流表孔在水库汛期泄洪中作用显著,成功的表孔溢流堰体型设计是保证其功能有效发挥的重要前提。以浯溪口水利枢纽工程溢流表孔堰面为例,论述了堰面曲线设计及因结构布置需要对WES实用堰体型所作的一些改进,同时通过物理模型试验从泄流能力和堰面动水压力两方面验证了表孔溢流堰体型改进设计的合理性。研究成果对类似工程溢流堰体型优化设计具有一定的借鉴和参考价值。