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由于岗曲河二级水电站泄洪闸下游紧接一弯道,在模型试验中,在下游弯道影响下,泄流在下游河道出现了水流扩散不充分、大范围回流及河道冲刷过深等对下游消能防冲极为不利的问题.为解决这些问题,在护坦加一导墙进行试验.试验表明,通过与无导墙时的水流流态和冲刷情况相比,在主要运行工况下,加导墙后的水流流态大为改善,冲刷深度及范围也大幅减小,取得了良好的消能防冲效果,验证了在护坦上加导墙工程措施的合理性. 相似文献
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天然河湾的弯曲平面形态和离心力作用,引起弯道的水流能量重新分配和耗散规律发生变化。基于弯道水流能量平衡方程,总结了弯道水流的能量耗散主要原因,推导了弯道水流的横向与纵向能量耗散率的表达式,并采用弯道水槽实验数据验证和率定表达式的参数。运用弯道水流能量耗散规律,本文初步解释了三峡水库建成蓄水后,下泄清水将使得荆江河湾的水流能量横向耗散增强,凹岸区域严重冲刷,凸岸区域显著淤积,单个河湾的弯曲度将变大。 相似文献
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天然河湾的弯曲平面形态和离心力作用,引起弯道的水流能量重新分配和耗散规律发生变化.基于弯道水流能量平衡方程,总结了弯道水流的能量耗散主要原因,推导了弯道水流的横向与纵向能量耗散率的表达式,并采用弯道水槽实验数据验证和率定表达式的参数.运用弯道水流能量耗散规律,本文初步解释了三峡水库建成蓄水后,下泄清水将使得荆江河湾的水流能量横向耗散增强,凹岸区域严重冲刷,凸岸区域显著淤积,单个河湾的弯曲度将变大. 相似文献
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弯道螺旋流是弯道水流的特点之一,弯道环流会造成凸岸发生淤积,凹岸遭受冲刷,对护岸工程非常不利。在弯道中布设丁坝可有效减弱弯道螺旋流强度,改善水流流态,保护岸坡稳定。采用RNGk-ε湍流模型,应用VOF法捕捉自由水面,采用半隐式SIMPLE算法求解速度与压力耦合方程组,模拟在60°弯道内布设丁坝群后弯道水流特性。研究表明:数值模拟的水位、流速和试验数值据吻合良好。弯道内设置丁坝群后,可有效改善凹岸区域的冲刷及凸岸的淤积,主河槽的水深增加,水面横比降减小,说明丁坝群的布置在稳定弯道水流,防止岸坡冲於方面有较好的效果。 相似文献
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在重点江河的护岸工程设计中,经常出现一般水利工程设计较少遇到的专业技术用语,如何理解和正确使用这些专业名词对做好护岸工程设计非常必要。弯道环流弯道水流内部的旋转运动,在横断面上的投影星环形,在主流叠加在一起呈螺旋式前进运动。弯道中可能只有一个大的环流,也可能有大小不同的几个环流,弯道环流是弯道水流的主要特征,它是引起泥沙横向搬运的主要动力,是促使弯道凹岸冲刷和凸岸淤积变形的主要原因。冲刷由于水流冲击,引起河、渠等土壤被剥蚀的现象。冲刷来的泥沙,被水流带动很易在其他地点造成淤积。切滩河道主流偏离弯… 相似文献
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考虑河岸冲刷的弯曲河道水流及河床变形的数值模拟 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文将正交曲线坐标系下的平面二维水沙数学模型和粘性河岸的冲刷模型结合,用于模拟弯道内的水流运动、悬移质泥沙的输移、河床的纵向及横向变形.用水槽试验资料验证了本文提出的水流模型,结果表明流速分布、水位等计算结果与实测值相当符合.应用建立的水沙数学模型以及河岸冲刷模型,模拟了一概化弯道在持续清水冲刷下的主流线位置、断面形态、主槽比降的变化过程,模拟结果符合弯道演变规律. 相似文献
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Scour characteristics and morphologies downstream of rock sills due to channel curvature have been analyzed at the hydraulic laboratory of the University of Pisa. Two series of experiments have been conducted. The first series included tests on scour downstream of rock sills in straight channel. Three different channel bends with different lengths were studied in the second test series. All experiments have been carried out in clear water condition. The results showed that the tailwater depth plays an important role on scour characteristics. In addition, it was experimentally proven that the stream curvature affects the morphology and the maximum scour depth, i.e., an increase of the bend radius causes a decrease in the value of the maximum scour depth. Finally, three scour morphology types have been distinguished. Useful empirical relationships have been proposed in order to evaluate the main features of the scour geometry. 相似文献
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A series of hydraulic experiments were undertaken in a 180° bend laboratory flume with parabolic erodible bed to simulate the effect of submerged vanes on the flow field and subsequent scour morphology in a river bend. The objective of the study was to investigate the role of submerged vanes in protecting riverbed erosion in a river bend. Parameters responsible for scour and deposition, including the velocity distribution field, bed shear stress, and kinetic energy, are presented. Results indicate that the presence of submerged vanes (a) reduced the maximum velocity along the outer bank of the parabolic riverbed by approximately 23%, and the location of this velocity field shifted from the outer bank of the 150°‐section to a central zone of 40°; (b) reduced the maximum bed shear stress and turbulence by 32% and 19%, respectively, and their locations also changed; and (c) reduced scour depths by up to 40% at the outer bank of the bend. The data obtained from these experiments will aid in the efficient design of riverbed protection works. 相似文献
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When subway tunnels are routed underneath rivers, riverbed scour may expose the structure, with potentially severe consequences. Thus, it is important to identify the maximum scour depth to ensure that the designed buried depth is adequate. There are a range of methods that may be applied to this problem, including the fluvial process analysis method, geological structure analysis method, scour formula method, scour model experiment method, and numerical simulation method. However, the application ranges and forecasting precision of these methods vary considerably. In order to quantitatively analyze the characteristics of the different methods, a subway tunnel passing underneath a river was selected, and the aforementioned five methods were used to forecast the maximum scour depth. The fluvial process analysis method was used to characterize the river regime and evolution trend, which were the baseline for examination of the scour depth of the riverbed. The results obtained from the scour model experiment and the numerical simulation methods are reliable; these two methods are suitable for application to tunnel projects passing underneath rivers. The scour formula method was less accurate than the scour model experiment method; it is suitable for application to lower risk projects such as pipelines. The results of the geological structure analysis had low precision; the method is suitable for use as a secondary method to assist other research methods. To forecast the maximum scour depth of the riverbed above the subway tunnel, a combination of methods is suggested, and the appropriate analysis method should be chosen with respect to the local conditions. 相似文献
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桥墩的局部冲刷导致河床形态变化和桥墩基础埋深减小是桥梁水毁的主要原因。在大涡模拟(Large Eddy Simulation,LES)的基础上结合水流运动方程和泥沙运动的动理学理论系统地对桥墩基础处的水流冲刷问题进行全时段全方位的三维数值模拟。得到了桥墩基础处的湍流流场流线图及河床形态变化的高程图。重点研究了水流流速和河床颗粒中值粒径对桥墩周边局部冲刷的影响。结果表明:冲刷坑的深度随着初始流速的增大而增加,且冲刷坑形成速度加快;冲刷坑的深度随着河床颗粒中值粒径的减小而增大,但是当颗粒的中值粒径小到一定程度时,由于泥沙颗粒之间的黏聚力增大导致冲刷坑的深度反而减小。 相似文献
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河道冲刷和清水水流河床冲刷率 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
在冲积河流里。水流条件变化如洪水、水库泄放清水、河道渠化等使挟沙力不饱和引起冲刷,称为河道冲刷。这与水工建筑造成的局部冲刷不同。河道冲刷深度主要决定于冲刷率和冲刷历时。本研究通过对各种泥沙大量实验,证明了河床冲刷率正比于水流提供的冲刷功率并依赖于泥沙粒径和容重,首次提出了冲刷率公式。经验证,该公式可以用于非恒定流输沙和河流洪水冲刷计算。 相似文献
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介绍了现有河床冲刷深度的基本理论及计算方法,结合工程实例探讨了山区中小河流治理工程冲刷深度的计算及应用,对影响冲刷深度计算及应用的几个因素进行分析及总结,可供相关工程参考。 相似文献
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在我国近海海域,跨海桥梁基础冲刷是影响大桥安全的重要因素之一。基于金塘大桥2014、2015和2017年桥墩基础冲刷实测资料,并结合建桥前地形测验资料进行了案例分析,解析出了往复潮流条件下桥墩基础的一般冲刷及局部冲刷深度,金塘大桥中引桥桥墩一般冲刷深度为3.3~3.6 m,平均局部冲刷深度约8.3 m。往复潮流条件下桥墩基础局部冲刷坑受双向潮流影响向上下游延伸,形状呈椭圆形,各墩冲刷坑纵向长度与最大局部冲刷深度呈近似线性关系,长度约为局部冲刷深度的10~12倍,而各墩冲刷坑横向宽度则基本一致,约为桥墩基础宽度的4~5倍,与最大局部冲刷深度无明显相关性。跨海桥梁基础冲刷深度计算方法及冲刷坑形态特征的研究成果可供跨海大桥基础设计、运行维护及基础冲刷防护参考。 相似文献