天然河流重金属污染物吸附自净现象的模拟试验研究

本文对天然河流重金属污染物吸附自净现象，重金属污染支流汇入干流，无重金属污染的挟沙支流汇入重金属污染干流以及泥沙运动方式不同对重金属污染物吸自净的影响进行静态概化模拟试验研究，并采用谐振式紊动模拟装置进一步研究水流紊动条件，泥沙补给条件及泥沙运动方式对重金属污染物吸附自净的影响，研究表明，泥沙运动方式不影响泥沙的吸附等温式参数，在水流紊动强度较小时，泥沙作底泥，吸附速率很小，短时间内对水相浓度的吸     

河流底泥重金属污染研究进展

随着经济和社会的发展,大量未经处理的污染物直接排入河道中,大多数重金属等污染物被泥沙吸附,沉积在河道底泥中。当外部条件发生变化时,底泥重金属会被重新释放出来,可能会造成水体的二次污染。在参考大量研究文献的基础上,对国内外底泥重金属样品检测、污染程度评价、迁移转化过程及污染物治理研究进行了系统总结。目前的研究忽视了重金属在沿底泥深度方向的分布及污染情况,没有形成多种污染评价方法的综合运用,对底泥重金属迁移转化过程的理论研究不足。     

泥沙粒径对铜离子吸附贡献率的影响研究

含有重金属的工业废水排放到河道中,通过河道底泥的吸附作用,不断累积到底泥中,对环境和人类健康构成威胁。研究河涌底泥重金属吸附特性,对于解决重金属污染问题具有科学意义和现实价值。该文通过研究泥沙粒径对底泥吸附铜离子的影响规律,分析泥沙粒径对于铜离子的吸附量和吸附速率的影响特征。结果表明:在相同条件下,随着泥沙粒径的增大,泥沙对铜离子吸附速率的贡献率随之增大,粗颗粒泥沙的吸附速度要比细颗粒泥沙的迅速的多;而随着粒径的增大,泥沙对铜离子吸附量的贡献率随之减小,细颗粒泥沙的吸附量则远大于粗颗粒泥沙。     

多沙河流中石油类污染物迁移的一维数学模型(Ⅱ-解吸模型)

本文建立了一维河流石油类污染物“解吸为主”的动态水质模型。模型方程中考虑了河流悬移质、推移质泥沙和底泥与石油类之间发生的吸附\解吸的动态过程，以及河流弥散作用对石油类污染物在多沙河流中迁移的影响。模型还考虑了底泥解吸与泥沙解析在速率上的差别，使模型更加精确实用。运用拉普拉斯变换，求得了模型方程法的解析解。用室内烧杯试验的方法确定出了研究区域内的污染底泥解吸常数kdw；结合室内水槽动态试验，对解吸模型进行了验证。结果表明，该模型能够较好地描述一维多沙河流污染沉积物中石油类污染物的解吸过程。     

河流泥沙随机吸附理论及试验研究

本文建立了泥沙吸附重金属污染物的随机理论。根据这个吸附理论可以发现对河流泥沙吸附重金属污染物的相对吸附量及其概率密度函数起主要影响的参数是:溶解态重金属污染物浓度G、吸附系数K_1和均方差D。本文还提出了综合参数Z的概念。Z能综合反映参数G、K_1和D的影响。根据汉江、渭河等江河中泥沙吸附重金属离子的实验资料对该随机吸附理论进行了验证,结果表明计算值和实测者吻合较好。     

对悬移质含沙分布Rouse公式沿垂线积分的研究

文中着重研究了悬移质泥沙分布Ｒｏｕｓｅ公式沿垂线的积分问题，给出了悬移质垂线平均含沙量与底部含沙量的比值函数，并给出了此函数的计算方法。     

泥沙粒径对重金属污染物吸附影响的研究

本文系统研究了不同粒径泥沙颗粒对重金属污染物的吸附作用，粗细不同的泥沙对重金属污染物的吸附能力差异很大，因此研究天然河流泥沙吸附能力必须考虑泥沙组成的非均匀性和各级泥少的含量，度量泥少量粒吸附能力的标准主要是吸附活性组分的含量，而不仅是粒径大小。     

泥沙污染水质模型研究综述

对现有的泥沙污染水质模型进行分类,总结了国内外泥沙污染基本问题及泥沙污染水质模型研究的成果,指出模型发展方面应加强泥沙与污染物相互作用机理研究,进一步揭示污染物在水体、悬浮泥沙、底泥之间迁移转化的机理,模型的建立应综合考虑污染物的沉降再悬浮、以及吸附解吸、底泥释放等动态过程。     

水环境系统泥沙污染研究进展

阐述水环境系统中泥沙污染的研究进展 ,总结泥沙颗粒的组成及其物理化学性质 ,水环境系统中污染物在泥沙颗粒及底泥中的吸附 /解吸机理 ,吸附 /解吸作用的定量计算及泥沙污染水动力学模型 ,并对今后的研究方向进行展望 .     

不同粒径泥沙解吸重金属污染物静态试验研究

从吸附反应动力学方程和质量守恒方程出发，导得静态解吸试验中泥沙剩余吸附量和水相重金属浓度随时间变化的计算公式，并导得泥沙剩余平衡吸附量和水相平衡浓度随泥沙吸附－解吸的特性、泥沙初始重金属吸附量和泥沙浓度变化的计算公式。在此基础上，结合试验进一步研究了不同粒径泥沙解吸重金属污染物的能力。     

EXPERIMENTS ON SELF-PURIFICATION OF HEAVY METALPOLLUTANTS IN NATURAL RIVERS

1.INTRODUCTIONThemovementofwater,sedimentandpollutantsandtheinteractionamongtheminnaturalriversareverycomplicated.Movementofwater,sedimentandPOllutantsarerandom.ButfromastatisticalviewPOint,theirmovementfollowssomerules.Twokindsoftypicalcases,thatis,atributarywithheavymetalpollutantsjoiningamainstream,andanunPOllutedtributarywithmuchsedimententeringamainstreamcontaminatedbyheavymetals,arestudiedinthispaper.Besides,flowscenesinnaturalriversaredifferentindifferentseasons.InthenabPeriod,g…     

拒马河悬浮沉积物对重金属的吸附—解吸研究

研究了拒马河重金属在底质、悬浮物及水体中的分布特性和迁移转化规律 ,经试验得出悬浮物对重金属的吸附与解吸模型。拒马河沉积物对重金属的吸附符合弗兰德利希等温式 ,依据其数学模型计算出吸附与解吸系数 K1 、K2 。探讨了温度、初始浓度、吸附剂浓度对吸附、解吸系数的影响 ,建立起 K值的经验公式 ,将计算值与实验值对照 ,可得到满意的结果     

Two Dimensional Heavy Metal Transport Model for Natural Watercourses

This work presents the development and calibration of a two‐dimensional (depth‐averaged) river flow, sediment transport and heavy metal transport model in natural watercourses. Because heavy metals occur in dissolved and adsorbed phases, implementing the active‐layer concept for sediment transport computation enabled the development of a heavy metal transport model that accounts for pollutant moving in dissolved phase, adsorbed on suspended sediment, adsorbed on bed‐load, deposited in the active‐layer of the river bed or adsorbed on sediment in deeper strata. The proposed concept also enables the modelling of pollutant exchange processes using accessible sediment particle surface area for suspended and bed sediment separately. The presented heavy metal transport model is able to manage sediment mixtures found in natural watercourses using an arbitrary number of sediment size‐classes, distinguishing in this way smaller size‐classes that engage in interaction with the pollutant. Using field measurements for a reach of the Danube River, simulations were conducted for water flow, sediment transport and heavy metal transport. While some discrepancies between measured and computed values for pollutant concentrations were observed, the model reproduced the water and sediment contamination quite reasonably with acceptable mass conservation errors. The simulations also gave an insight in the general behaviour of the monitored heavy metals in the considered river reach. Therefore, it can be concluded that the developed model is suitable for simulating complex flow, sediment transport and heavy metal transport conditions in natural watercourses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

STUDY ON SORPTION OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTANTS BY SEDIMENT PARTICLES

Sorption of heavy metal on sediment particles is studied theoretically am experimentally. Sorption processes of heavy metal pollutants on sediment particles can b well described by Langmuir model. Parameters in the model b,,k and k1 depend on proper ties of sediment and water, and have nothing to do with sediment concentration. By com bining the sorption dynamic equation and the mass conservation equation, the variation c N(sorption content of heavy metal pollutant by specific weight of sediment) and c (con centration of heavy metal pollutant in water phase) with time can be deduced. Further more, formulas for calculating the equilibrium sorption content N and the equilibriur concentration of heavy metal pollutant in water phase c are established too. Experimenta data well coincide with theoretical formulas. These can be treated as the basis for furthe quantitative study of sediment sorption-desorption characteristics.     

泥沙粒径分布函数的分形特征与吸附性能

应用分形几何原理，从理论上研究了泥沙颗粒的粒径分布特征，将分维作为描述泥沙颗粒的粒径分布特征的参数，给出了泥沙颗粒粒径的分形分布函数，并应用分形分布函数讨论了不同粒径分布的泥沙吸附重金属污染物的问题。     

Heavy metal adsorption changes of EAF steel slag after phosphorus adsorption

A kind of electric arc furnace (EAF) steel slag was phosphated, and its isothermal and dynamic adsorptions of copper, cadmium, and lead ions were measured to determine if heavy metal adsorption changes after phosphorus adsorption. The surface area increased greatly after the slag was phosphated. Isothermal adsorption experiments showed that the theoretical Q(max) of the EAF steel slag on Cu(2+), Cd(2+), and Pb(2+) improved 59, 50, and 89% respectively after it was phosphated. Dynamic adsorption results showed that the greatest adsorption capacities of unit volume of Cu(2+), Cd(2+), and Pb(2+) were 2.2, 1.8, and 1.8 times that of the column packed with original EAF steel slag when the column was packed with phosphate EAF steel slag at the same heavy metal ion concentration. The breakthrough time, the exhaustion time and elution efficiency of the column also increased when the column was packed with phosphated EAF steel slag compared with that packed with original EAF steel slag. Phosphorus adsorption could further improve the heavy metal ion adsorption of the EAF steel slag.     

珠江磨刀门河口洪季悬沙与沉积物颗粒度分布及交换过程

基于洪季磨刀门河口实测水沙观测资料和河床表层沉积物数据,通过对不同区域不同时刻悬沙浓度和粒度、沉积物粒径组成分析,运用因子分析和粒度谱等统计计算方法,重点研究近期洪季磨刀门河口及滨海水域悬沙与河床沙交换过程及其动力机制。结果表明:磨刀门河口拦门沙内河道及汊道口区域的动力以径流为主的涨落潮流流系,悬沙与河床沙交换过程较弱;拦门沙浅滩区域泥沙运动表现为"波浪掀沙,潮流输沙"特性,再悬浮泥沙平均量占实测悬沙浓度的32%;拦门沙外滨海水域悬沙组成受径流与潮汐相对强度影响显著,构成上大潮时以再悬浮泥沙为主,小潮时则以径流下泄悬沙沉积为主,而悬沙输运方向受到东南向波浪和沿岸流控制。     

悬移质水流挟沙能力与输沙特性

悬移质水流挟沙能力与输沙特性对于冲积河流泥沙冲淤、河床演变影响很大。作者在对我国广泛应用的悬移质挟沙力半经验性公式进行分析基础上，指出了这类公式应用的局限性，并通过试验研究提出了悬移质水流挟沙能力的新关系式，同时对输沙平衡时的临界不淤流速及临界坡降等表达式进行了探讨，文中结论的应用限于S=2-40kg/m^3中低含沙量的情况。