一类新型环氧增塑剂——环氧植物油酸多元醇酯

介绍了一种新型聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑剂环氧植物油酸多元醇酯,包括它的合成方法及用其增塑的PVC的物理性质,它与PVC的相容性优于环氧大豆油。在用作PVC的主增塑剂时,被增塑的PVC为力学性能优于用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)增塑的同类制品。     

一种新型蓖麻油酸季戊四醇酯的制备及应用

用季戊四醇和蓖麻油酸通过酯化反应反应制备了蓖麻油季戊四醇酯。采用红外光谱仪和核磁共振仪对制备的产品的化学结构进行表征。并将其作为增塑剂与聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混,研究了塑化PVC的平衡扭矩、热性能和力学性能,对该增塑剂在不同溶媒中的耐迁移性进行了研究,并与邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和环氧大豆油的塑化性能进行了对比。结果表明,蓖麻油季戊四醇酯塑化PVC的加工平衡扭矩为14.9 N·m,改善了PVC的加工稳定性;塑化PVC的拉伸强度为23.28 MPa,断裂伸长率为263.13 %,耐迁移性能较邻苯二甲酸酯和环氧豆油较好,可以作为PVC增塑剂使用。     

豆油基磷–氯协同阻燃增塑剂的合成,表征和应用

使用可再生资源环氧豆油与三氯氧磷合成了豆油基磷–氯协同阻燃增塑剂。使用傅里叶变换红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱对合成产品的结构进行了分析和表征,结果表明得到了预期的产品。将该产品与聚氯乙烯(PVC)热塑共混成型制备了阻燃增塑PVC共混体系,使用热重分析仪、马弗炉、极限氧指数(LOI)仪和万能拉力试验机对阻燃增塑PVC共混体系的热稳定性能、阻燃性能及力学性能进行了表征。结果表明,合成的大豆油基磷–氯协同阻燃增塑剂对PVC具有高效的阻燃和增塑作用,当其用量从0份增加到30份时,阻燃增塑PVC共混体系的LOI从24.1%增加到33.2%,断裂伸长率从170.14%增加到260.32%,热稳定性也得到提高;合成的阻燃增塑剂的阻燃机理主要是通过促进PVC共混体系表面形成致密的炭层来阻止共混体系进一步热降解。     

生物基增塑剂HM-828性能及其对PVC性能的影响

研究了新型环保生物基增塑剂二乙酰环氧植物油酸甘油酯(HM-828)的结构及主要性能;选用环氧大豆油(ESO)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯(DINP)、已二酸二辛酯(DOA)、偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)及HM-828为增塑剂分别制备了增塑聚氯乙烯(PVC),对添加40份增塑剂的PVC制品的动态热稳定性、热老化质量损失、拉伸性能、硬度等进行表征。结果表明:六种增塑PVC混合物料中,DOA扭矩最小,加工能耗最低;HM-828的增塑性能与DOP和DINP相近;DOP/DINP/DOA/TOTM四种物料的耐热性不及HM-828和ESO;六种增塑PVC制品的热老化质量损失为DOADOPDINPHM-828TOTMESO;其拉伸强度均大于20 MPa,断裂伸长率均大于270%;以DOP/DINP/DOA增塑PVC制品的邵氏硬度比另外三种高出7度左右。     

环氧油酸新戊二醇酯的制备及应用性能研究

以油酸和新戊二醇为原料,通过酯化反应和环氧化反应制备了新型环保增塑剂环氧油酸新戊二醇酯（ENDO）,采用红外光谱仪（FTIR）和核磁共振仪对ENDO的结构进行了表征,并通过转矩流变仪、超低温脆化试验仪、老化试验机和万能试验机测试对比了ENDO、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOP）、已二酸二辛酯（DOA）或偏苯三酸三辛酯（TOTM）增塑的聚氯乙烯（PVC）样品的流变性能、低温脆化性能、耐溶剂抽出性能和耐老化性能。结果表明,本实验成功制备了预期增塑剂产品ENDO;增塑PVC混合物料扭矩由大到小对应的增塑剂为TOTM、ENDO、DOP、DOA,能耗由大到小对应的增塑剂为TOTM、ENDO、DOA、DOP;ENDO增塑PVC样品的低温脆化性能可通过-30 ℃测试;当溶剂为正己烷时,DOP、ENDO、DOA和TOTM增塑PVC样品的断裂伸长率残留率依次为88.24 %、87.99 %、1.69 %和0.71 %,当溶剂为无水乙醇时,为79.00 %、96.22 %、72.76 %和74.52 %;ENDO增塑PVC样品老化后的断裂伸长率残留率、拉伸强度变化率及热老化质量损失均小于TOTM增塑的PVC样品。     

环氧腰果酚基磷酸二苯酯增塑剂的合成及塑化PVC

以腰果酚为原料合成了环氧腰果酚基磷酸二苯酯(ECPhP),采用核磁共振氢谱和核磁共振碳谱对产物结构进行了表征,并将ECPhP与聚氯乙烯(PVC)进行共混,对共混试样的力学性能、热稳定性、相容性和加工流变性进行了分析,并对增塑剂迁移性、抽出性和挥发性损失进行了考察,研究ECPhP作为主增塑剂及辅助增塑剂的增塑效果,并与石油基增塑剂——对苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOTP)进行比较。结果表明,所合成的ECPhP增塑剂具有较好的增塑效果及热稳定性,与单独使用DOTP相比,增塑剂中ECPhP的含量由0增加到20%(占增塑剂总质量百分比)时,共混体系的玻璃化转变温度由47.16℃降低到43.94℃;10%和50％质量损失温度分别提高了10.4℃和9.5℃;断裂伸长率提高,体系柔韧性得到提高;动态热稳定时间由9.55 min延长到30.06 min,加工稳定性更好;抽出性损失降低,增塑剂在塑化体系中的稳定性得到显著提高。该腰果酚基增塑剂可作为PVC的优良辅助增塑剂使用。     

环氧棉籽油增塑PVC性能研究

用过氧甲酸法制备环氧棉籽油,研究了环氧棉籽油全部或部分替代邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DOP)类增塑剂对PVC性能的影响,并同环氧大豆油增塑PVC性能进行了对比研究。试验结果表明:在部分取代DOP时,环氧棉籽油与环氧大豆油增塑PVC的拉伸强度基本一致,但在完全取代DOP时,环氧棉籽油的断裂伸长率是环氧大豆油的300倍以上。     

HM-828及其复配增塑PVC的拉伸性能和微观结构

研究乙酰环氧化植物油酸甘油酯(HM-828)和环氧大豆油(HM-107)及其复配增塑对PVC的拉伸性能、塑化效果、微观形态结构和析出性能的影响。HM-107增塑PVC效果不佳,断裂较平整,存放90天后增塑剂严重析出。HM-828增塑PVC时混炼5min时不能充分塑化,15min可获得良好的塑化效果,断裂伸长率从250. 9%提高到279. 9%,断面粗糙呈鱼鳞状,出现韧性断裂特征; HM-828增塑配方中添加0. 5%的ACR可产生协同效应,在充分塑化条件下可获得更均匀的微观结构,拉伸强度和断裂伸长率进一步提高。HM-828对PVC的增塑和增韧的效果均优于HM-107,断裂伸长率相对较高,长时间存放无析出。     

橡胶籽油基复合型环保增塑剂用于PVC的研究

将自制的橡胶籽油基环氧脂肪酸甲酯（EFAME）与对苯二甲酸二辛酯（DOTP）混合后,与聚氯乙烯（PVC）共混成型,考查EFAME在软质PVC中的增塑性能及其对DOTP的替代效果。利用拉力试验机、差示扫描量热仪、动态热力学分析仪及热老化烘箱对塑化体系的力学性能、加工性能、耐热性及耐久性进行分析。结果表明,复合型增塑剂可有效改善PVC制品的柔韧性、耐磨性、热性能及加工流变性;EFAME用量为20份时,PVC制品的玻璃化转变温度由0.32 ℃降低至-4.63 ℃,质量损失10 % 和50 %时的温度得到提高,热老化整体变色时间提高了4倍。     

环氧大豆油-癸二酸低分子量聚酯对PVC增塑性能的研究

将环氧大豆油(ESO)与癸二酸(SA)进行开环固化反应，通过控制反应时间得到3种不同分子量的环氧大豆油-癸二酸低分子聚酯(ESO-SA₅、ESO-SA₉和ESO-SA₁₃)，并对其化学结构进行了表征；再以ESO-SA_n为增塑剂，研究其分子量和添加量对聚氯乙烯(PVC)增塑效果、热性能及力学性能的影响；此外，对比了不同成型方式(溶剂流延膜和熔融压制膜)对PVC增塑膜性能的影响；最后，分析了热稳定剂的加入对熔融压制膜性能的影响。研究表明，不同成型方式制备的PVC增塑膜中，均为添加30份ES0-SA₉的增塑膜具有最好的性能，包括增塑效果、力学性能(断裂伸长率269.6%，拉伸强度28.7 MPa)及热性能(初始热分解温度284.3℃)等；熔融压制使PVC与增塑剂分子之间能到达更好的混合效果，可实现分子水平的混合；由于钙锌稳定剂与基体的相容性较差且同时破坏了ESO-SA_n在PVC中形成的增塑网络结构，热稳定剂的加入反而导致增塑膜的力学性能及热性能等出现一定程度的降...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.