硝化菌发酵浓缩液保存条件及衰减因素分析

硝化菌是一类自养化能细菌,其对保存条件要求严格,硝化菌发酵浓缩液难以高效长时间储存。以硝化菌发酵浓缩液为研究对象,考察了保存温度、浓缩液中硝酸根浓度、添加保护剂等对保存时间的影响,探究最佳保存条件。结果表明,最佳保存温度为4℃,浓缩液中硝酸根浓度越低越有利于硝化菌的保存,添加保护剂可以延长硝化菌的保存时间;4℃下添加保护剂可以使硝化菌的保存时间延长到56 d以上。     

淋病奈瑟氏菌培养基和保护剂的研究

本文报告了淋病奈瑟氏菌生长培养基、糖发酵生化培养基、保存培养基和真空干燥保护剂的研究。应用27株淋病奈瑟氏菌进行试验表明,全部菌株在特殊蛋白胨血琼脂和多种蛋白胨血琼脂上24小时生长良好;26株菌在NGCM-1生化培养基中发酵葡萄糖产酸(96.3％),保存培养基在27℃可保存菌种30天左右,10％脱脂奶粉作为保护剂真空干燥菌种可保存20个月以上。     

水母雪莲愈伤组织超低温保存条件的初探

初步研究了水母雪莲愈伤组织的超低温保存方法. 结果表明，预培养、保护剂、预处理、冰冻后处理对愈伤组织存活率都有一定影响. 水母雪莲愈伤组织预培养基为添加5%二甲基亚砜的MS培养基，优化的冰冻保护剂是15%二甲基亚砜+15%乙二醇+30%甘油的0.4 mol/L蔗糖液，冰冻保护剂的预处理温度是15℃，时间为10 min，解冻温度25~35℃；在25℃水浴中用含1.2 mol/L蔗糖的MS溶液反复洗3次，每次10 min. 用TTC法测定细胞存活率可达58.5%.     

乳化法快速培养Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b的研究

以Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b为模型菌,在HMNS培养基中加入油酸,测定了菌体的回收率及sMMO(soluble methane monooxygenase)活性,研究了培养体系中气体体积的变化。结果表明,油酸加入HMNS培养基中会使培养基乳化,油酸的最佳加入量为5%,菌体回收率达到(13±2.83)g·L-1。加入油酸的HMNS培养体系中气体消耗速度明显快于对照组,表明油酸的加入能促进甲烷和氧气的消耗。油酸乳化法培养的菌体的sMMO活性最高。     

耐低温复合菌剂制备及在寒区人工湿地应用

针对低温条件下人工湿地系统中微生物活性下降,导致处理效果明显下降的问题,进行了低温人工湿地生物强化试验研究。在低温4℃条件下进行复合菌剂制备并投加入潜流人工湿地中进行生物强化。结果表明:脱氮菌剂构建实验中,复配比例为氨化菌∶亚硝化菌∶硝化菌∶反硝化菌=2∶3∶1∶2时氨氮及总氮降解效率最佳,去除率分别为16.59%和17.86%。复合菌剂构建实验中,除碳菌和脱氮菌剂体积比为4∶1氨氮、总氮的去除率两方面来看效果最佳,去除率分别为21.34%,18.59%。应用于潜流低温人工湿地模拟装置中,可使氨氮去除率提高5.78%,总氮去除率提高7.69%,并且总氮出水达到一级A标准。但投加10 d后各指标出水浓度均上升,因此需以10 d为周期反复投加。     

温度冲击对MFCs脱氮及微生物群落结构的影响

构建生物阴极双室微生物燃料电池,探究温度冲击对微生物燃料电池脱氮及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,温度升高到25℃时,短程硝化反硝化效果最好,氨氮去除率达到95. 71%,亚硝态氮积累率可达89. 14%,总氮去除率为80. 46%。温度由20℃升高至25℃后,再由25℃降至20℃情况下,系统内均为短程硝化反硝化;但当温度降至15℃低温下,硝化类型转变为全程硝化,总氮去除率仅为20. 82%。25℃下,硝化反硝化菌所属的变形菌门(Protebacteria)丰富度高达77. 81%,优势纲Betaproteobacteria也达到66. 16%。主要的AOB菌属Nitrosomonas所占比例为1. 52%,短程硝化反硝化优势菌Thauera所占比例高达51. 12%。     

一株短程反硝化除磷菌的鉴定与生物学利用

依据短程反硝化除磷原理,在SBR装置中加入厌氧池污泥,采用厌氧/缺氧工艺,投入亚硝酸盐以富集短程反硝化除磷菌（SDPB）,并进行SDPB的筛选、分离,采用传统与现代分子生物学鉴定相结合手段确定其分类地位,同时进行不同营养条件和环境条件下菌的生物学利用研究。结果表明：该菌株为一株新的兼性厌氧菌株,具有同步短程反硝化和除磷功能。通过细菌形态、生理生化指标、培养特征和16S rDNA序列进行同源性比较,鉴定该菌株为不动杆菌属,相似性高达99.3%,该种尚未见文献报道。Gi菌的最佳碳源为乙酸钠。此菌不仅可以利用NO^-₂也可以利用NO^-₃为电子受体。Gi菌的最佳pH值为7。温度为25℃时的反硝化除磷效果最好,适宜的温度为20～35℃。当温度为10℃时微生物生长受到抑制,温度高于35℃时活性下降。磷、氮的最高去除率分别可达82.94%和82.99%。     

温度冲击对MFCs脱氮及微生物群落结构的影响

构建生物阴极双室微生物燃料电池,探究温度冲击对微生物燃料电池脱氮及微生物群落结构的影响。结果表明,温度升高到25℃时,短程硝化反硝化效果最好,氨氮去除率达到95. 71%,亚硝态氮积累率可达89. 14%,总氮去除率为80. 46%。温度由20℃升高至25℃后,再由25℃降至20℃情况下,系统内均为短程硝化反硝化;但当温度降至15℃低温下,硝化类型转变为全程硝化,总氮去除率仅为20. 82%。25℃下,硝化反硝化菌所属的变形菌门(Protebacteria)丰富度高达77. 81%,优势纲Betaproteobacteria也达到66. 16%。主要的AOB菌属Nitrosomonas所占比例为1. 52%,短程硝化反硝化优势菌Thauera所占比例高达51. 12%。     

脱氮硫杆菌利用不同硫源去除地下水硝酸盐的实验研究

从斛兵塘底土壤中分离得到一株自养反硝化菌。该菌株经过生理生化实验,初步判定为脱氮硫杆菌。该菌株可以分别利用黄铁矿、硫代硫酸钠、硫单质作电子供体,进行反硝化代谢。实验表明,在黄铁矿存在下该菌种对硝酸盐氮去除率最高,同时也有较高的硫酸根生成率。为了去除硫酸根新污染,尝试在培养基中加入石灰石。经实验证明,在培养基中加入石灰石几乎不影响反硝化代谢,并且有效的去除硫酸根离子,达到去除硝酸盐的目的。     

冷冻干燥法制备1型糖尿病噬菌体展示疫苗

目的采用冷冻干燥法制备1型糖尿病噬菌体展示疫苗。方法将正交试验筛选的不同冻干保护剂与1型糖尿病噬菌体展示疫苗混合,优化冻干曲线进行冻干。检测冻干前后噬菌体疫苗的滴度,并通过各项指标对冻干后的疫苗进行评价。结果经筛选,最佳保护剂配方为:10.85%海藻糖+17.37%甘氨酸(w/v);最佳冻干曲线为:S1:-40℃4h,1.5℃/min;S2:-15℃5h,1.5℃/min;S3:25℃4h,1.5℃/min;真空度:0.02mbar。冻干后疫苗滴度下降不超过0.5pfu/ml,外观及电镜观察疫苗样品形态均较好,玻璃态转化温度能达到220℃以上,含水量小于3%。结论以海藻糖、甘氨酸为保护剂,采用冷冻干燥法制备的1型糖尿病噬菌体展示疫苗具有保护剂组成成分少、热稳定性强、含水量低、冻干曲线简化、保存时间长等特点。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.