镀液温度对脉冲电镀Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层的影响

采用脉冲电镀法在Q235钢表面制备了Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层。研究了镀液温度(25~40℃)对合金镀层成分、沉积速率、表面形貌和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随镀液温度升高,Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层中锰的质量分数降低,锌和镍的质量分数升高;沉积速率增大;镀液θ为30℃时制备的Zn-Ni-Mn合金镀层晶粒大小均匀,表面平整致密,耐蚀性最好。     

锌镍磷合金电镀工艺的研究

研究了简单氯化物体系中锌镍磷合金电镀工艺,探讨了镀液组成及工艺条件对合金镀层中镍,磷含量的影响,并对合金镀层的耐蚀性进行了测试,结果表明,锌镍磷合金镀层的耐蚀性优于镍合金,且其耐蚀性随镀层中磷含量的增大而提高。     

刷镀工艺对镍-磷合金刷镀层中磷含量的影响

用滴定法测出刷镀层中镍含量并推算出磷含量,研究了镍-磷合金刷镀工艺对刷镀层中磷含量的影响。实验表明:镀液中硫酸镍浓度对镀层磷含量有显著影响,硫酸镍浓度升高,对提高沉积速度有利,但会显著降低镀层磷含量;镀层磷含量随亚磷酸浓度增加而增加,但当亚磷酸增加到一定值(约60mL/L)时,镀层磷含量相对稳定;镀层的沉积速度随柠檬酸浓度的增加存在一个最大值,而镀层中的磷含量在镀速最快时降到最低点;操作温度和电压变化对镀层中的磷含量影响不大。     

Zn-Ni合金镀层中Ni含量影响因素及镀层耐蚀性

研究了碱性Zn-Ni合金电镀工艺,采用扫描电镜、极化曲线、交流阻抗及浸泡试验测定了镀液温度、电流密度及镀液组成等因素对镀层表面形貌、镀层中Ni含量及耐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:温度和电流密度对镀层中Ni含量的影响不大;镀层中Ni含量随着镀液中Ni2+与Zn2+质量浓度比的升高而增大.随着镀层中Ni质量分数的增加,镀层颗粒越来越细致、均匀;在5%NaCl溶液中的电化学腐蚀行为表明:Ni的质量分数为13%的合金镀层具有最佳的耐蚀性.     

电沉积Ni—Ce—S非晶态合金

研究了镀液组成和工艺条件对Ｎｉ—Ｃｅ—Ｓ非晶态合金沉积层的影响，结果表明，镀层中的Ｓ含量随电流密度、镀液的ｐＨ值和硫代硫酸钠浓度的变化而变化，但与镀液中的氯化钾浓度无关；Ｘ射线衍射图说明，当镀层中的Ｓ含量超过３０％时，镀层为非晶态结构；扫描电子显微镜表明，当镀层中Ｓ含量增加时，镀层的微裂纹减少且变细，当镀层中Ｃｅ含量增加时，晶粒会细化。     

纳米颗粒对复合电刷镀过程中镀液特性及镀层沉积速度的影响

本文研究了特快镍刷镀液(TK-Ni)及两种不同纳米颗粒含量的纳米Al2O3／特快镍复合刷镀液(10n／TK-Ni和30n／TK-Ni，其中前者纳米颗粒含量较少)在刷镀过程中的温度和密度变化及复合镀层厚度的变化，解释了纳米颗粒的加入对镀液温度和密度的影响及对镀层沉积速率的影响。试验结果表明：刷镀过程中含纳米颗粒的复合镀液的温度和密度均较高，且二者均随纳米颗粒含量的增大而升高；随刷镀过程的进行，镀液温度升高，密度减小，复合镀液密度在刷镀时间达30min后出现回升现象；复合镀层沉积速度较快，且镀层沉积速度随镀液中纳米颗粒含量增加而增大。     

PET化学镀Ni—P合金的工艺

研究了在聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（ＰＥＴ）基体表面化学镀Ｎｉ－Ｐ合金的工艺。结果表明，粗化时间对镀层形貌和镇速均没有明显的影响；增加活化时间能使镀速提高；增长电镀时间会增大镀层厚度，但平均镀速下降；提高镀槽温度将使镀速明显提高。     

碱性锌酸盐电镀Zn-Fe合金工艺的研究

研究了碱性锌酸盐电镀Zn-Fe合金工艺，考察了合金镀液组成及工艺条件对合金镀层中铁含量的影响。得到了最佳镀液组成及工艺条件，实验发现：Zn-Fe合金的沉积表现为异常共沉积。在一定的范围内，镀层中铁含量升高，其光亮度随之提高；凡能影响镀层光亮度的条件发生变化，镀层中铁含量也随之变化，在最佳工艺条件下，可得到铁含量为0.2%-0.8%的兼具防护和装饰功能的Zn-Fe合金镀层。     

非晶态镍磷合金电刷镀研究

采用电刷镀技术，利用扫描电镜，能谱分析仪，Ｘ光衍射仪等测式手段，对非晶态镍磷合金镀层组织结构，成份进行了分析和研究，从试验中确定非晶态镍磷合金刷镀液合理组成及添加剂的种类和数量；选择了合理的施镀及热处理工艺。成功地刷镀出含磷在７％－１３％并可含有合金元素的多种非晶态镍磷合金镀层。     

酸性锌镍合金电镀工艺参数对镀层镍含量的影响

研究了采用弱酸性氯化物体系电镀锌镍合金时镀液的镍锌比、温度、氯化铵含量,以及阴极电流密度、电镀方式等工艺参数对镀层镍含量的影响。结果表明,镀液镍锌比、温度、阴极电流密度对镀层镍含量影响较明显,氯化铵含量及磁力搅拌对镀层镍含量几乎无影响,采用脉冲电镀可以显著提高镀层镍含量。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.