SB-16/SDS复配微乳液驱油体系性能研究

为提高低渗透油藏采收率,研究了十六烷基磺基甜菜碱(SB-16)和十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)按不同质量比复配所得表面活性剂体系的临界胶束浓度(cmc)和相应的表面张力(γ_(cmc)),得到该复配体系的最佳复配质量比为7∶3,此时cmc=0.025 g/L,γ_(cmc)=26.7 m N/m,进而以该复配体系为表面活性剂,研究不同质量分数、不同链长的醇类为助表面活性剂时对体系界面张力与乳化率的影响,最终确定质量分数为4%的复配体系+2%的异丁醇为最佳配方,在该条件下可以使油/水界面张力降至超低界面张力数量级(10~(-3)mN/m)。实验结果表明,在低渗透岩心中,复配微乳液驱油体系较水驱可以提高采收率10个百分点,效果较好。     

低界面张力驱油剂HW-2的制备及性能评价

通过阴离子/非离子/两性表面活性剂复配,制备了低界面张力驱油用HW-2表活剂体系。对HW-2表活剂体系的界面张力、岩心吸附、油水乳化等性能进行了分析;采用饱和油的储层岩石进行驱替实验。结果表明,HW-2具有优良的耐盐、耐温性能。矿化度为80 000 mg/L的盐水条件下,原油和航空煤油质量比为6∶4时,配制HW-2浓度1.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为1.732×10~(-3)mN/m;配制HW-2浓度3.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为4.7×10~(-4)mN/m。通过驱油实验数据分析可知,HW-2能有效提高驱油效率11.5%,在油田开发中具有重要的使用价值。     

低界面张力驱油剂HW-2的制备及性能评价

通过阴离子/非离子/两性表面活性剂复配,制备了低界面张力驱油用HW-2表活剂体系。对HW-2表活剂体系的界面张力、岩心吸附、油水乳化等性能进行了分析;采用饱和油的储层岩石进行驱替实验。结果表明,HW-2具有优良的耐盐、耐温性能。矿化度为80 000 mg/L的盐水条件下,原油和航空煤油质量比为6∶4时,配制HW-2浓度1.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为1.732×10^(-3)mN/m;配制HW-2浓度3.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为4.7×10(-3)mN/m;配制HW-2浓度3.0 g/L,测得油水界面张力为4.7×10^(-4)mN/m。通过驱油实验数据分析可知,HW-2能有效提高驱油效率11.5%,在油田开发中具有重要的使用价值。     

驱油用芥酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱的合成与性能评价

以芥酸、N,N-二甲基-1,3-丙二胺与氯乙酸钠为原料,经过酰胺化、季铵化两步反应,合成了芥酸酰胺丙基羧基甜菜碱EBC。使用FTIR、MS对酰胺中间体EA和甜菜碱产物EBC的结构进行了表征。评价了甜菜碱EBC的表界面性能、吸附特性和增黏性。结果表明,该表面活性剂的临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.02×10-5mol/L,对应的表面张力γCMC为29.60 mN/m;最小烷烃碳数(nmin)为16;无碱条件下,EBC与大庆和苏丹油田原油达到10-4~10-3mN/m数量级的超低界面张力,m(EBC)∶m(DABS)=8∶2,复配体系质量分数0.001%~0.20%与长庆马岭油田原油达到超低界面张力,界面性能优异,且抗稀释能力强;该表面活性剂在天然油砂上的吸附量为0.07~0.51 mg/g砂,小于1.0 mg/g砂的指标要求;而且具有明显的增黏性能。甜菜碱EBC可作为较理想的驱油用表面活性剂应用于化学复合驱。     

十四烷氧基甜菜碱/聚合物二元驱油实验研究

本文考察了以十四烷氧基甜菜碱为表面活性剂的一元和SP二元复合体系在大庆油田条件下的岩心驱油效果。所用岩心为环氧树脂胶结石英砂均质(变异系数0.73)人造岩心,规格30cm×4.5cm×4.5cm;模拟油为大庆第一采油厂脱水原油和煤油配制,粘度(45℃)为10mpa·s左右。岩心水驱含水98%后分别注入1.8 PV十四烷氧基甜菜碱一元体系和1.8PV十四烷氧基甜菜碱/聚合物(聚丙烯酰胺,分子量为1200¹600万)二元体系,十四烷氧基甜菜碱表面活性剂浓度为3000 mg/L;聚丙烯酰胺浓度为1500mg/L;十四烷氧基甜菜碱两性表面活性剂一元驱油提高采收率高达9.5%,与聚丙烯酰胺复配时,具有良好的复配性且复配后的驱油效果更好,其二元体系的采收率达到15.5%,较聚驱提高3.4%,满足表面活性剂和二元复合驱油的要求。     

表面活性剂驱油体系性能评价及应用

结合长庆油田低渗透非均质高矿化度的特点,对研发的表面活性剂驱油体系CQYH-1进行了基本性能评价,并考察了该体系的润湿反转能力和驱油能力。结果表明,0.1%⁰.5%的CQYH-1与长庆某油田原油界面张力达到100.5%的CQYH-1与长庆某油田原油界面张力达到10^(-3)m N/m数量级,与该油田注入水、采出水配伍性良好。当矿化度为10(-3)m N/m数量级,与该油田注入水、采出水配伍性良好。当矿化度为10¹00 g/L时,0.5%的CQYH-1界面张力仍能保持10100 g/L时,0.5%的CQYH-1界面张力仍能保持10^(-3)m N/m数量级,抗盐性能较好,且具有一定的抗吸附能力。接触角测试实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可将岩心表面接触角由70.70°变为0°,改变了岩石表面的润湿性。驱油实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可在水驱的基础上,提高采收率9.9%(-3)m N/m数量级,抗盐性能较好,且具有一定的抗吸附能力。接触角测试实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可将岩心表面接触角由70.70°变为0°,改变了岩石表面的润湿性。驱油实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可在水驱的基础上,提高采收率9.9%¹6.67%,满足长庆低渗透油田表面活性剂驱油要求。该表面活性剂驱油体系已在长庆某油田现场得到应用,取得了明显的效果。     

辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚与脂肪醇醚羧酸钠复合驱油剂的研究

研究了辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)/脂肪醇醚羧酸钠(AEC9Na)复配驱油体系的性能,通过金属筛网洗油和静态驱油试验、动态界面张力测定、与注入水和模拟地层水的配伍性实验,考察了复配体系的性能,结果表明,当阴离子表面活性剂AEC9Na与非离子表面活性剂OP-10以质量比为2∶1复配,总浓度为0.25%时,复配体系和定边油田的原油形成超低界面张力,驱油率显著提高,且质量浓度小于0.4%时,与定边油田采油注入水和模拟地层水有良好的配伍性。     

表面活性剂驱油体系性能评价及应用

结合长庆油田低渗透非均质高矿化度的特点,对研发的表面活性剂驱油体系CQYH-1进行了基本性能评价,并考察了该体系的润湿反转能力和驱油能力。结果表明,0.1%~0.5%的CQYH-1与长庆某油田原油界面张力达到10~(-3)m N/m数量级,与该油田注入水、采出水配伍性良好。当矿化度为10~100 g/L时,0.5%的CQYH-1界面张力仍能保持10~(-3)m N/m数量级,抗盐性能较好,且具有一定的抗吸附能力。接触角测试实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可将岩心表面接触角由70.70°变为0°,改变了岩石表面的润湿性。驱油实验表明,0.5%的CQYH-1可在水驱的基础上,提高采收率9.9%~16.67%,满足长庆低渗透油田表面活性剂驱油要求。该表面活性剂驱油体系已在长庆某油田现场得到应用,取得了明显的效果。     

耐温耐盐乳化降粘剂的结构设计及其构效关系

室内研制了以双酚AF（BPAF）、对羟基苯磺酸（PHSA）、聚氧乙烯辛基苯酚醚-10（OP-10）为原料的乳化降粘剂AFOP-10（阴-非离子型乳化降粘剂），测试了AFOP-10的表面性质和耐温耐盐性能，研究了该降粘剂结构与性能的关系，初步探究了该降粘剂的降粘机理。研究结果表明，乳化降粘剂AFOP-10的HLB值为11.37，浊点（Tk）为75℃，临界胶束浓度（cmc）为0.08 g/L，AFOP-10的表面张力γcmc=30.30 mN/m，具有较好的表面活性。该降粘剂热降解温度高达363℃，单体配比n（BPAF）∶n（PHSA）∶n（OP-10）=1∶6∶9时，降粘剂最高可耐盐浓度为49476 mg/L，用矿化度为8246 mg/L的盐水配制的降粘剂溶液经300℃、24 h高温老化处理后仍具有良好的活性，降粘率可达98.50%以上，且对渤海油田不同油区的油品都有较好的乳化降粘效果，具有良好的普适性。     

新型低张力泡沫驱油体系性能研究

针对大港港东油藏条件,对新型低张力泡沫驱油体系(芥酸酰胺丙基甜菜碱EAB40与十二烷基磺酸钠SLS的复配体系)的耐温性能、耐矿化度性能、抗二价离子性能进行了系统研究,结果表明,该低张力泡沫驱油体系的耐温性能达到80℃,耐矿化度性能达到60 000 mg/L,抗二价离子性能达到220 mg/L。岩心对比驱油实验表明,低张力泡沫驱油体系0. 3%EAB40+0. 2%SLS能够在水驱基础上提高采收率10. 8%,明显优于单一表面活性剂驱(0. 5%芥酸酰胺丙基羟磺基甜菜碱EHSB40)或单一泡沫驱(0. 5%α-烯烃磺酸盐AOS)。     

Research on Oleic Acid Amide Betaine Used in Surfactant-Polymer Compound Flooding for Ordinary Heavy Oil

In view of the low recovery rate associated with water flooding, as well as the scaling problems caused by traditional alkali-surfactant-polymer flooding, the feasibility of using a betaine surfactant with high interfacial activity for chemical flooding of ordinary heavy oil was investigated. Aqueous solutions of oleic acid amide betaine (OAAB) with the mass concentration of 0.01% can reduce the oil–water interfacial tension to the ultralow level (10⁻³ mN m⁻¹), making it suitable for chemical flooding. To solve the problem of high adsorption onto sandstone, static adsorption tests and dynamic adsorption tests were carried out. The results show that the weakly alkaline lignin can significantly reduce the adsorption quantity of OAAB by more than 40%, based on which, a compound-flooding system of 0.1% partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) + 0.1% OAAB +0.75% lignin was constructed. Compared with water flooding, the ultimate rate was enhanced by 20.4%, resulting in a final recovery rate of 53.9%. The study of oil displacement mechanism shows that the excellent ability to reduce the oil–water interfacial tension of OAAB can emulsify heavy oil to small droplets easily, exhibiting better capacity in oil displacement efficiency. The polymer can increase the viscosity of the aqueous phase, reduce the mobility ratio of water to oil, weaken the fingering effect, and improve the sweep efficiency. Lignin can not only reduce the adsorption quantity of betaine surfactant, but also promote the adsorption of OAAB onto the oil–water interface, leading to enhance the emulsification performance of OAAB and maintain the oil displacement efficiency effectively. Therefore, the surfactant-polymer flooding system based on the betaine surfactant can be developed into an economically and technically feasible flooding technology suitable for ordinary heavy oil reservoirs.     

表面活性剂驱油效率的影响因素研究

在83℃下测定了3种表面活性剂DL-S、HL-Y/NNR、GZ-16的油水界面张力、乳化能力以及改变油藏岩石润湿性的能力。利用低渗透岩心驱油实验研究表面活性剂的这3种特性对驱油效率的影响。结果表明,表面活性剂的浓度在1 000 mg/L时,DL-S的油水界面张力达到10-3mN/m超低数量级,HL-Y/NNR表现出较为优越的乳化性能,GZ-16具有较好的润湿性能。在驱油实验中,具有最好乳化性能的HL-Y/NNR提高采收率的幅度最大为12.91%,其次为具有超低界面张力的DL-S,相较而言,改变润湿性的能力对驱油效率的影响最小。     

Progress in research of sulfobetaine surfactants used in tertiary oil recovery

The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants and their application in tertiary oil recovery (TOR) are summarized in this paper. The synthesis of sulfobetaine surfactants was classified into three categories of single hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants, double hydrophobic chain sulfobetaine surfactants and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants for review. Their application in TOR was classified into surfactant flooding, microemulsion flooding, surfactant/polymer (SP) flooding and foam flooding for review. The sulfonated betaine surfactants have good temperature resistance and salt tolerance, low critical micelle concentration (cmc) and surface tension corresponding to critical micelle concentration (γ_cmc), good foaming properties and wettability, low absorption, ultralow interfacial tension of oil/water, and excellent compatibility with other surfactants and polymers. Sulfobetaine surfactants with ethoxyl structures, hydroxyl and unsaturated bonds, and Gemini sulfobetaine surfactants will become an important direction for tertiary oil recovery because they have better interfacial activity in high-temperature (≥90°C) and high-salinity (≥10⁴ mg/L) reservoirs. Some problems existing in the synthesis and practical application were also reviewed.     

驱油用表面活性剂AF性能评价及驱油效果研究

评价了脂肪酸烷醇酰胺表面活性剂AF的界面张力和乳化性能,利用岩心驱替实验对其提高采收率效果进行了研究。结果表明,在模拟地层水的矿化度为5 119.63 mg/L时,AF浓度为0.2%～1.2%,其界面张力均能达到超低值;NaCl浓度为0.4%～2%,AF有效浓度为0.3%～0.6%时,体系的界面张力均能达到10-3mN/m数量级。AF具有较好的乳化原油的能力,在浓度为0.5%时,形成的O/W乳状液的稳定性最强,液滴粒径最小。岩心驱替实验表明,AF表面活性剂可在水驱基础上提高原油采收率20%以上,提高采收率效果明显,具有良好的应用前景。     

Enhanced oil recovery from high‐salinity reservoirs by cationic gemini surfactants

In order to enhance oil recovery from high‐salinity reservoirs, a series of cationic gemini surfactants with different hydrophobic tails were synthesized. The surfactants were characterized by elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, and ¹H‐NMR. According to the requirements of surfactants used in enhanced oil recovery technology, physicochemical properties including surface tension, critical micelle concentration (CMC), contact angle, oil/water interfacial tension, and compatibility with formation water were fully studied. All cationic gemini surfactants have significant impact on the wettability of the oil‐wet surface, and the contact angle decreased remarkably from 98° to 33° after adding the gemini surfactant BA‐14. Under the condition of solution salinity of 65,430 mg/L, the cationic gemini surfactant BA‐14 reduces the interfacial tension to 10^?3 mN/m. Other related tests, including salt tolerance, adsorption, and flooding experiments, have been done. The concentration of 0.1% BA‐14 remains transparent with 120 g/L salinity at 50 °C. The adsorption capacity of BA‐14 is 6.3–11.5 mg/g. The gemini surfactant BA‐14 can improve the oil displacement efficiency by 11.09%. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018 , 135, 46086.     

乙肝表面抗原在微球表面的吸附行为、活性和结构变化

采用快速膜乳化技术结合溶剂挥发法制备了尺寸均一的聚乳酸(PLA)微球,平均粒径为800 nm左右,并采用PLA微球对乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)进行了吸附研究,考察了pH值、盐浓度、微球用量、HBsAg浓度及吸附温度对HBsAg吸附率、活性和结构的影响. 结果表明,在pH 6.0的磷酸缓冲溶液中,NaCl浓度为20 g/L、微球用量为20 mg/mL、HBsAg浓度为10 mg/mL、吸附温度为37℃的条件下,HBsAg吸附率可达60%左右. 4℃下,pH值为8.0及NaCl浓度为1 g/L、微球用量为2 mg/mL及HBsAg浓度为300 mg/mL时,HBsAg活性保留可达98%以上.     

三元复合驱乳化作用对提高采收率影响研究

通过系统的室内实验 ,研究了不同机械搅拌力、不同含水率条件下 ,表面活性剂、碱、聚合物组成的一元、三元溶液与原油的乳化能力、形成乳化液的类型、稳定性和相关性质 ,揭示了影响三元复合驱乳化的主要因素是油水比、化学剂类型及浓度、外力 ,且上述各种因素是综合起作用的。同时揭示了大庆油田三元复合驱矿场试验中井口采出液乳化产生的原因。乳化携带及乳化调剖等乳化作用是三元复合驱提高洗油效率、扩大波及体积的机理之一。通过室内物理模拟实验 ,得出三元复合驱原油乳化调整了层间、层内矛盾及三元复合驱原油乳化 ,在一定条件下有利于提高采收率的结论     

毛管数对甜菜碱表面活性剂驱油效率的影响研究

为研究毛管数对甜菜碱表面活性剂驱油效率的影响,通过驱替实验研究了毛管数和驱油效率以及残余油饱和度之间的关系,结果表明,对于单一体系,无论是水、聚合物还是表面活性剂,其驱油效率均随着毛管数的增加而增加,残余油饱和度均随着毛管数的增加而降低。由于界面张力处于毛管力物理定义中的分母的位置,对毛管数的影响较大。界面张力越低,驱油效率越高,残余油饱和度越低,毛管数值越大。     

辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚烷基磺酸钠溶液的性能研究

对非离子-阴离子型表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)烷基磺酸钠(OPS-10)的溶液性能进行了研究。用表面张力法测定OPS-10的CMC为65 mg/L;在85℃、无机盐离子浓度90 000 mg/L的水溶液中,OPS-10表现出了良好的抗温抗盐性;动态界面张力研究显示,OPS-10降低油-水动态界面张力的曲线呈"L"型,平衡值达到10-2数量级;室内驱替实验表明,对于特低渗透率的岩心,OPS-10可以在水驱的基础上提高驱油效率2.89%,优于十二烷基苯磺酸钠的驱替效果。基于在上述方面表现的良好性能,OPS-10可以作为驱油剂或助剂进行高矿化度水和高温油藏的驱油实验研究和应用。