PTC型PA12/炭黑导电复合材料的结构与性能

通过熔融共混的方法制备了不同含量炭黑的聚酰胺(PA)12复合材料,并研究了复合材料的熔体流动速率(MFR)、热性能、导电性和正温度系数(PTC)性能.结果表明:随炭黑含量增加,复合材料的熔体流动速率显著降低.炭黑改善了复合材料的热稳定性.复合材料的体积电阻率随炭黑含量的增加而显著降低,复合材料导电的炭黑逾渗浓度在14％～15％之间.导电复合材料表现出明显的PTC效应,炭黑质量分数为20％的复合材料PTC强度最高.     

聚丙烯/炭黑/废纸纤维导电复合材料的性能研究

通过熔融共混方式制备了聚丙烯/炭黑/废纸纤维导电复合材料，研究废纸纤维含量和炭黑含量对复合材料体积电阻率、力学性能、流变性能和热稳定性能的影响，并通过扫描电镜分析了废纸纤维及炭黑在复合材料基体中的分散情况。结果表明：废纸纤维的加入有效降低复合材料的体积电阻率。当炭黑含量为12%时，随着废纸纤维含量由0增至10%，复合材料体积电阻率由2.41×1014Ω·cm降至9.3×108Ω·cm。废纸纤维能够有效提高复合材料的力学性能，当炭黑含量为12%、废纸含量为10%时，复合材料的拉伸模量、弯曲模量、冲击强度相比于未添加废纸时分别提高24%、35%和11.7%。废纸纤维的加入增加复合材料的平衡转矩，降低熔体流动速率，含量较高时影响作用明显。废纸纤维的加入降低聚丙烯/炭黑复合材料的热稳定性。     

超声功率对导电炭黑填充PA 66/PPO共混物性能的影响

在熔融挤出过程中,对导电炭黑填充聚酰胺(PA)66/聚苯醚(PPO)共混物施加一定超声,研究了超声功率对PA 66/PPO共混物力学性能、结晶性能、导电性能及微观形貌的影响。结果表明:超声作用下,共混物的拉伸强度、弯曲强度、弯曲模量和悬臂梁缺口冲击强度分别提高13.0%,10.4%,7.0%,11.8%;超声作用利于导电炭黑在聚合物基体中的分散;导电炭黑的分散性提高,结晶成核作用增强,PA 66的结晶温度提高;导电炭黑分散性提高有利于使共混物的导电性能提高,表面电阻率和体积电阻率分别提高了92.9%和96.3%。     

PS／炭黑复合材料导电性能的研究

本文通过炭黑（简称ＣＢ）用量、加工工艺、温度对ＰＳ／ＣＢ复合材料导电性能影响的探讨、复合导电材料亚微观结构的观察，研究了ＰＳ／ＣＢ复合材料的导电性能。结果表明，随着ＣＢ含量的增加，材料的电阻率呈非线性下降，当ＣＢ的质量分数在１０％～４０％的范围内时，电阻率下降明显，在此含量范围以后，体积电阻率变化不大；材料的导电性能与加工工艺有关，溶剂法的导电性能比混炼法好；电阻率随温度的升高均有上升的趋势。由复合材料的亚微观结构表明，随着ＣＢ含量的增加，ＣＢ由分散的单个颗粒逐渐连结在一起，最后与ＰＳ形成了一种相互交错式的结构     

聚乙烯/炭黑复合体系电性能的研究

为揭示炭黑对聚乙烯/炭黑复合体系电性能的影响规律,研究炭黑种类及其含量与复合体系的电阻率和阻温特性的关系,分析导电材料含量、结构性、比表面积、粒径等对复合材料电性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对复合材料分布状态进行观察。结果表明：炭黑体积分数达到临界值6%左右时,聚乙烯/炭黑复合体系的电阻率发生约10个数量级的突变。炭黑比例高于临界值时,随着炭黑的体积分数从8%升高至12%,复合材料的PTC强度逐渐降低。在相同炭黑比例情况下,复合材料的PTC强度表现为N220体系相似文献   

炭黑/废纸导电纤维的制备及其在聚丙烯中的应用

利用多巴胺氧化自聚合将炭黑粘附到废纸纤维表面,制备了炭黑/废纸柔性导电纤维,分析了炭黑含量对纤维导电性能的影响,然后,将该导电纤维与聚丙烯熔融共混制备复合材料,分析了导电纤维添加量对复合材料导电和力学性能的影响。结果表明,聚多巴胺将炭黑均匀粘附在废纸纤维表面,纤维的电阻率随着炭黑含量增加而逐渐降低,当炭黑含量为15%时,废纸纤维的电阻率log ρ下降至2.16Ω·cm。柔性导电纤维能更好地控制聚丙烯复合材料电导率降低幅度,当纤维添加量为15%(炭黑含量为2.27%)时,复合材料的表面电阻率为3.71×10¹⁰Ω,体积电阻率为2.45×10¹¹Ω·cm,能达到抗静电级别。此时,复合材料的弹性模量和拉伸强度分别为565.65和17.01 MPa,模量提高了1.07%,但强度降低了32.82%。     

PP/POE/CB半导电屏蔽复合材料的制备和性能

研究了导电炭黑含量和聚乙烯-辛烯弹性体接枝马来酸酐(POE-g-MAH)的加入对热塑性半导电屏蔽材料,即聚丙烯烯/聚乙烯-辛烯弹性体/炭黑(PP/POE/CB)复合体系的体积电阻率和力学性能的影响,并通过扫描电镜(SEM)分析了POE-g-MAH的加入对PP基热塑性半导电屏蔽复合材料断面形貌的影响。利用转矩流变仪对复合材料的流变性能进行了研究。结果表明,PP/POE/CB热塑性半导电屏蔽复合材料的逾渗现象与炭黑粒子在聚合物基体中的分布状态有关,POE-g-MAH的加入可以进一步降低复合材料的体积电阻率;随着导电炭黑含量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度均呈现先增加,后降低的趋势,当炭黑用量为30%时,拉伸强度达到最大值。PP/POE/CB热塑性半导电屏蔽复合材料具有较高的导电性能、力学性能、较高的熔体流动速率及良好的加工流动性。     

PP-g-MAH对尼龙6/炭黑复合材料性能和形貌的影响

以炭黑(CB)为导电填料,马来酸酐接枝聚丙烯(PP-g-MAH)为增韧剂,通过双螺杆挤出机和注射成型机制备了尼龙(PA)6/PP-g-MAH/CB复合材料,研究了PP-g-MAH含量对7.5%CB填充PA6力学性能、抗静电性能、热稳定性能和形貌的影响。结果表明,添加质量分数20%的PP-g-MAH可提高PA6/CB复合材料的拉伸强度、韧性、抗静电性能和热稳定性。PA6/PP-g-MAH/CB复合材料力学强度和热稳定性的提高源于PP-g-MAH产生的能量耗散以及CB,PP-g-MAH与PA6之间较好的界面粘附和PP-g-MAH均匀细化分散在PA6/CB中。PP-g-MAH改变了CB在共混物中的选择性分布,使PA6/CB的表面电阻率和体积电阻率分别下降5个和3个数量级。     

PS/PA6/CB共混体系导电性能研究

在哈克流变仪中将炭黑(CB)与聚苯乙烯(PS)、尼龙6(PA6)共混,研究了CB在PS/PA6/CB共混体系中的分散情况及CB含量和PS与PA6的质量比对PS/PA6/CB共混体系导电性能、微观形态的影响。结果表明,CB在PS/PA6/CB共混体系中只分散在PA6中;PS/PA6/CB共混体系的导电性能随着CB含量的增加而增强,CB的体积分数在20%~40%时,PS/PA6/CB共混体系的电导率增幅明显;PS、PA6两相的微观尺寸随CB含量增加而变小;PS/PA6/CB共混体系中PS与PA6质量比约为80/20时,PS/PA6/CB共混体系的导电性能最好。     

HDPE/CB/PA6复合材料的导电与力学性能研究

为了改善尼龙6低温与干态存在着冲击强度低、纤维状易于电荷富集的缺陷,制备了高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/导电炭黑(CB)/尼龙6(PA6)复合材料。首先制备了HDPE/CB共混物作为功能改性剂,再以马来酸酐接枝乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE-g-MAH)为增容剂,通过双螺杆挤出机熔融共混制备了HDPE/CB/PA6复合材料。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、万能试验机、高阻计等方法,研究了添加增容剂和HDPE与PA6配比以及导电炭黑粒子含量对复合材料力学性能和导电性能的影响。结果表明,加入5 phr的增容剂POE-g-MAH,明显提高了HDPE与PA6的界面黏附力,复合材料相容性较好;当HDPE与PA6的质量比为35/65时,复合材料的断裂伸长率从纯PA6的88%增加到251%,缺口冲击强度从12.5 kJ/m~2增加到53.7 kJ/m~2;当导电炭黑的含量增加到2.5 phr时,复合材料的室温体积电阻率降低了7~10个数量级,约为10~8Ω·cm。     

CTBN对CB/EP基导电复合材料电性能的影响

以低结构CB(炭黑)为导电填料、EP(环氧树脂)为基体、CTBN(端羧基液体丁腈橡胶)为改性剂和2,4-EMI(2-乙基-4-甲基咪唑)为固化剂,采用超声分散法制备CB/EP基导电复合材料.研究结果表明:CB/EP基导电复合材料具有明显的导电渗流行为,其渗流阈值为w(CB)=7.1％;当w(CTBN)=12％时,含CT...     

Effect of Mixing Process and Morphologies on the Electrical Conductivity of PA6/EVA/CB Composites

Nylon6 (PA6)/Ethylene-(vinyl acetate) (EVA)/carbon black (CB) composites with different electrical conductivity were prepared in an internal mixer. The factors influencing the electrical conductivity of the ternary composites were investigated, including mixing mode, mixing time and mass ratio of PA6 and EVA, and so on. Among three kinds of PA6/EVA/CB composites, including ones prepared by directly mixing (composites A), EVA and CB were mixed prior to melt-compounding with PA6 (composites B) and PA6 and CB were mixed prior to melt-compounding with EVA (composites C), the mixing time only significantly influenced the electrical conductivity of composites A. Good conductivity of the composites could be realized because the distance between CB particles became closer with the increasing of mixing time. However, the mixing time has no effect on the electrical properties of the composites B and the composites C, due to there were no CB particles migrated phenomenon happened. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to assess the fracture surface morphologies and the dispersion of the CB particles. The results showed that the dispersion of the CB particles significantly affects the electrical conductivity of the composites. Based on the study of the influence of various mass ratios of EVA and PA6 on the morphologies and electrical properties of PA6/EVA composites filled with 10 phr (parts per hundred resins) CB particles, we suggested that the mass ratio of EVA and PA6 affected the volume resistivity of the ternary composites significantly. In addition, the composites were almost insulation when the mass ratios of EVA and PA6 were 80/20 and 70/30, while the composites became conductivity with the mass ratio of EVA and PA6 higher than 60/40. The PA6/EVA/CB composites which CB particles locate at the interface of EVA and PA6 have the lowest volume resistivity when the mass ratio of two components was 60/40.     

Nylon 6 induced morphological developments and electrical conductivity improvements of polypropylene/carbon black composites

In this study, a polar conductive filler [carbon black (CB)], a nonpolar polymer [polypropylene (PP)], and a polar polymer [nylon 6 (PA6)] were chosen to fabricate electrically conductive polymer composites by melt blending and compression molding. The morphological developments of these composites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that in a CB‐filled PP/PA6 (CPA) composite, CB particles were selectively dispersed in PA6 phases and could make the dispersed particles exist as microfiber particles, which could greatly improve the electrical conductivity. The PA6 and CB contents both could affect the morphologies of these composites. The results of electrical resistivity measurements of these composites proved the formation of conductive networks. The resistivity–temperature behaviors of these composites were also studied. For CB‐filled PP (CP) composites, there were apparent positive temperature coefficient (PTC) and negative temperature coefficient (NTC) effects and an unrepeatable resistivity–temperature characteristic. However, for CPA composites, there were no PTC or NTC effects from room temperature to 180°C, and the resistivity–temperature behavior showed a repeatable characteristic; this proved that CB particles were selectively dispersed in the PA6 phase from another point of view. All experimental results indicated that the addition of PA6 to a CP composite could lead to an expected morphological structure and improve the electrical conductivity of the CP composite. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009     

炭黑/环氧树脂复合材料导电行为的研究

分别采用不同的混合分散方法制备炭黑/环氧树脂(CB/EP)复合材料(CB牌号为F101、XE2,EP牌号为E-54、E-51和E-44),研究了制备工艺、CB用量和CB结构等对复合材料导电性能的影响。结果表明:不同方法制得的复合材料体积电阻率的大小依次为机械混炼法离心混合法超声分散法;CB/EP复合材料的导电性能随CB用量增加而显著提高,并且F101/E-54、XE2/E-54复合材料体系均表现出明显的导电渗流行为;CB结构对复合材料的导电性能影响较大,F101/E-54、XE2/E-54复合材料体系的导电渗流阈值分别为3.85%、0.47%。     

Plasma preparation of carbon black used in conductive coatings

A conductive coatings was prepared using a kind of spherical carbon black (CB) as conductive pigment and polyacrylate (PA) as polymer matrix. The conductive pigment CB nanoparticles were prepared by AC plasma arc method, and then treated with concentrated nitric acid. The pristine and oxidized CB nanoparticles were characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Afterwards, CB powders were dispersed in PA to produce conductive coatings. The effects of CB content and titanium coupling agent on the volume resistivity were investigated. Furthermore, the rheological and mechanical properties of PA/CB coatings were also investigated. The results showed that the volume resistivity of the PA/CB films was decreased with the increasing of CB content and the electrical percolation threshold was about 2.0 wt%. An interesting result could be observed that the rheological threshold value was close to electrical percolation threshold. In addition, the tensile properties were improved with the addition of CB nanoparticles. POLYM. COMPOS. 37:1078–1084, 2016. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Improved stability of volume resistivity in carbon black/ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer composites by employing multi-walled carbon nanotubes as second filler

Semiconductive polymer shielding layers of power cable require stable volume resistivity to protect the insulation layer from stress enhancements when carbon black (CB)/polymer composite undergoes thermal cycles. For the CB-filled polymer composites, CB would often re-aggregate when temperature is close to the melting point of polymer matrix, so that the conductive network would be destroyed. Re-distribution of CB and re-formation of conductive CB network under thermal cycles might be the main reason for the instability of volume resistivity. In this work, the re-aggregation of CB in the CB/polymer composites was disclosed. Besides, a small amount of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) was employed as cofiller with CB to improve the stability of volume resistivity of the polymer composites under thermal cycles. The total weight fraction of conductive fillers (CB or CB cofilled with MWNTs) was set as 35 wt%. Compared with the polymer composites loaded with CB solely, the volume resistivity of the composites filled with CB-MWNTs was much more stable with changing temperature. This can be attributed to the enhancement of conductive networks when the MWNTs are employed as second conductive filler.     

Effects of strain and temperature on the electrical properties of carbon black‐filled alternating copolymer of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene composites

Carbon black (CB)‐filled alternating copolymers of ethylene‐tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) composites were prepared by the melt‐mixing method. The effects of strain and temperature on the electrical resistivity of the composites were elucidated in detail. Our results indicated that the CB content and CB particle size are the two main factors that influence the electrical resistance of the composites when they are subjected to strain. The large particle size CB‐filled ETFE composites with a low CB content show a significant increase in electrical resistivity as a function of strain. A linear relationship between the logarithm of the electrical resistivity of the composites and strain was observed, indicating that tunneling conduction plays an important role when the composites are subjected to strain. The tensile testing results indicated that the CB‐filled ETFE composites have reasonably good tensile properties.     

高密度聚乙烯/多壁碳纳米管和高密度聚乙烯/炭黑导电复合材料阻温特性的研究

采用溶液法制备了高密度聚乙烯/多壁碳纳米管（PE-HD/MWCNTs）和PE-HD/炭黑(CB)导电复合材料,并研究了该复合材料的阻温特性。结果表明,与PE-HD/CB复合材料相比,PE-HD/MWCNTs复合材料的室温电阻率更低,并且可以具有较高的正温度系数（PTC）强度和较小的负温度系数（NTC）效应,因而具有更加广泛的应用前景。同时通过对PE-HD/MWCNTs复合材料阻温全过程进行分析,发现PTC效应由碳纳米管向晶区扩散及基体体积膨胀效应共同导致,而NTC效应则是由于碳纳米管的热运动形成的相互接触所致,而并非粒子附聚。     

PE⁃g⁃MAH对聚酰胺6/导电炭黑复合材料性能的影响

采用马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯（PE-g-MAH）以同时提高聚酰胺6/导电炭黑（PA6/CB）复合材料的抗静电性能和韧性,利用双螺杆挤出机和注射成型机制备了系列PA6/CB、PA6/PE-g-MAH和PA6/PE-g-MAH/CB复合材料,并通过扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、差示扫描量热仪 （DSC） 等观察和表征了材料的形貌和结晶性能,测试了材料的力学性能和抗静电性能。结果表明,添加7.5 %（质量分数,下同）的CB后PA6韧性显著降低,CB对PA6结晶有异相形核作用;PE-g-MAH与PA6有较好的相容性,PE-g-MAH韧相能均匀分散在PA6和PA6/7.5 %CB中;添加PE-g-MAH后可提高CB在PA6中的分散性,改变CB的选择性分布,提高PA6/PE-g-MAH/7.5 %CB三元复合材料的电导性能;添加PE-g-MAH还可显著提高PA6和PA6/CB7.5 %的冲击强度和断裂伸长率;添加少量PE-g-MAH能促进复合材料中PA6的结晶。