新型TiO2基光催化剂改性降解VOCs的研究进展

实现有机污染物(VOCs)高效清洁降解是生态环保领域亟待解决的问题。光催化技术成为解决VOCs的有效方法之一,TiO₂半导体光催化剂作为最成熟的一种光催化剂,具有催化效率高、绿色、成本低的特点,但由于TiO₂光量子效率低,电子—空穴对易复合,无法产生可见光响应等缺陷,使得TiO₂光化材料无法广泛高效的应用。文章综述了改性TiO₂基光催化材料降解VOCs的研究进展,介绍了TiO₂光催化降解VOCs的作用机理,梳理归纳并总结了近些年TiO₂光催化降解VOCs的改性研究,并对未来开发新型TiO₂基光催化材料降解VOCs提出展望。     

二氧化钛基纳米复合光催化材料的制备方法及应用研究进展

TiO₂光催化剂在环境污染控制领域有着良好的应用前景,一直是光催化材料研究的热点。由于TiO₂的禁带宽度大、光生电子和空穴迁移能力低等缺点限制了在可见光照射下的光催化效率;为了克服TiO₂的局限性,人们对TiO₂进行了改性研究,以提高TiO₂在可见光下的光催化活性。本文综述了近年来二氧化钛基纳米复合光催化材料的制备方法,介绍其在污水处理、生物医药、农业生产等领域的应用。     

纳米TiO2光催化材料的合成及应用研究进展

本文扼要介绍了纳米TiO₂的光催化反应机理,讨论了掺杂纳米TiO₂光催化剂的几种方法以及TiO₂光催化技术在废水处理中的应用,并对纳米TiO₂催化剂的发展做出了展望。     

负载型TiO2光催化技术研究与进展

综述了TiO₂光催化剂的制备方法及载体的选择,对TiO₂光催化剂负载方法及影响因素进行了概括,并介绍了负载型TiO₂光催化技术的应用领域。分析目前负载型光催化技术存在的问题及面临的难题。     

Au/TiO2复合物的制备、表征及其增强光催化灭菌活性

为提升TiO₂光催化活性克服其可见光响应能力差的问题，采用沉积-沉淀法制备了Au/TiO₂复合物光催化剂，利用X射线衍射（XRD）、傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-vis DRS）、荧光发射光谱等对样品进行了表征。XRD、FTIR和XPS结果表明，Au/TiO₂中TiO₂为锐钛矿相且Au成功沉积至TiO₂。UV-vis DRS和荧光发射光谱结果表明，适量Au修饰不仅能提高TiO₂对可见光的吸收，还可促进TiO₂光生电子-空穴对分离，有利于增强其光催化活性。自由基捕获实验证实，形成?OH的数量与光照时间成正比且?OH生成量越多，光催化活性越高。对比考察了Au/TiO₂和TiO₂在氙灯光源照射下对大肠杆菌的光催化杀灭作用，并探讨了Au负载量、光照时间、光照强度、光催化剂浓度等因素对灭菌性能的影响。结果表明：Au/TiO₂的光催化灭菌活性优于TiO₂，且与光照时间和光照强度均成正比；Au的适宜负载量为3%（质量分数）；3%Au/TiO₂在光照时间60min、光照强度7mW/cm²、光催化剂浓度100μg/mL的条件下，对大肠杆菌的杀灭效率高达91.3%。     

纳米管阵列光催化剂研究进展

TiO₂纳米管阵列以其优异的性能成为很有发展前景的新型纳米结构材料。综述了目前制备TiO₂纳米管阵列的3种方法,即模板合成法、水热合成法和阳极氧化法。阐述了提高TiO₂纳米管阵列的光催化活性常采用的改性方法,包括贵金属沉积、金属离子掺杂、非金属掺杂和半导体复合以及TiO₂纳米管阵列在染料敏化太阳能电池、光解水制氢、光催化降解有机污染物和气敏传感材料等领域的应用研究进展,提出通过改进制备工艺和改性方法制备高性能的TiO₂纳米管阵列光催化剂是未来主要的研究方向。     

TiO2/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球复合材料对光催化分解水制氢性能的影响

以玉米秸秆为原料，通过热熔法制备出TiO₂/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球复合光催化剂。利用SEM、TEM、XRD、FT-IR、XPS、UV等方法对TiO₂/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球进行表征。结果表明，TiO₂/Pt/玉米秸秆碳微球复合材料具有更高的光催化性能和光稳定性。在可见光照射、TiO₂/Pt与玉米秸秆碳微球质量比为1∶0.3时，光催化分解水制氢效率最高，达到1 120μmol/(h·g),是TiO₂/Pt制氢量的56倍。修饰在TiO₂上的玉米秸秆碳微球具有良好的导电性，可促进TiO₂光生电子的转移。同时，碳微球的加入增大了复合光催化剂的比表面积，提高了光催化制氢效率，为新型生物质光催化体系提供新思路。     

光催化系统灭活微生物气溶胶的研究进展

在当前新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)引发的肺炎(COVID-19)疫情背景下，微生物气溶胶的控制与去除再次引起学界的重视，而常规的过滤、化学药剂、紫外等空气净化方式存在各自的缺陷与不足。光催化法具有高效、广谱、绿色、无残留、可动态持续消毒的优点，具有广阔的应用前景。本文从光催化剂的种类、光催化剂的负载、光源以及反应器的结构与运行等方面对光催化系统灭活微生物气溶胶的相关研究进行了总结与分析。文中指出：绝大多数研究选择TiO₂或其衍生材料作为光催化剂，而更多新型、高效的光催化剂应当得到应用；多孔、多通道以及大表面积的催化剂载体能够有效提升光催化系统的效率；在光源的选择上仍然较多依赖于紫外光，可见光的应用有待更多的研究；从优化反应器结构入手改进光催化系统的研究较少，最常用的是环形反应器；已有研究者开发出光催化空气净化器，或将光催化系统与室内风管系统相结合。文章提出，未来光催化系统将会成为室内微生物气溶胶控制的重要手段。     

石墨烯/TiO2复合材料光催化降解有机污染物的研究进展

石墨烯是一种新型的碳纳米材料,具有超大的比表面积和优良的导电性能,将石墨烯与TiO₂复合可显著提高复合材料的光催化性能,在光催化领域具有广泛的应用前景。主要介绍了石墨烯/TiO₂复合纳米材料的制备方法以及在光催化降解有机污染物方面的应用,并分析了石墨烯/TiO₂复合材料促进光催化机理,最后对石墨烯/TiO₂复合光催化剂未来的发展趋势提出了展望。     

ZnFe2O4光催化剂改性研究进展

本文以ZnFe₂O₄为光催化材料基体，以提升ZnFe₂O₄基复合光催化剂光降解污染物的性能为目的，综述了材料尺寸、晶体结构、表面沉积纳米贵金属粒子、半导体复合、离子掺杂等方法提升ZnFe₂O₄光催化剂光降解污染物的性能，并分析各种方法提升光催化性能的机理，助推了ZnFe₂O₄基光催化剂应用于工业化污水处理。     

纳米TiO_2光催化去除水华藻类的研究进展

由水体富营养化而引起的蓝藻水华是目前全球面临的重大水环境问题,严重威胁水生生态环境以及人类的健康。综述了近年来以TiO_2为代表的纳米材料光催化技术在蓝藻水华治理方面的研究现状,其中光催化负载体技术与可见光响应下高效光催化性能的研究广泛;归纳并总结了TiO_2抑制蓝藻生长光催化机理的一般规律性以及其对蓝藻细胞作用的活性氧(ROS)破坏机制。TiO_2光催化技术未来的发展趋势具有长期可行性,但在实际应用中新型结构单元的高效光催化剂的探索,负载装置应用的完善以及对水体中有害毒素的去除仍然是研究的难题。     

Preparation of fibrous TiO2 photocatalyst and its optimization towards the decomposition of indoor ammonia under illumination

Aqueous dispersion containing TiO₂ particles was firstly prepared and then mixed with silicone or acrylic additives to establish a treating bath. And the fibrous TiO₂ photocatalysts were produced by padding three woven fabrics including cotton, polyester and flax fabrics as support materials with this treating bath and some factors affecting the preparation process were discussed. Moreover, the fibrous TiO₂ photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, infrared Fourier transform spectrometer and scanning electron microscope, and evaluated with respect to the removal efficiency of ammonia under UV irradiation in air stream by a specifically designed photocatalytic reactor and environmental condition simulated chamber. The results showed that ammonia gas could well be decomposed by the fibrous TiO₂ photocatalysts based on cotton and flax fabrics. Increasing the dosage of TiO₂ aqueous dispersion led to the improved ammonia decomposition level of the fibrous TiO₂ photocatalysts. The additives caused the reduced ammonia decomposition level of the fibrous TiO₂ photocatalysts, but provided it with the enhanced resistance to water washing. The ammonia photocatalysis of the fibrous TiO₂ photocatalysts was not much affected by curing temperature and dyed cotton fabrics when preparing.     

Efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants diluted in water using the fluoride-modified hydrophobic titanium oxide photocatalysts: Ti-containing Beta zeolite and TiO2 loaded on HMS mesoporous silica

Using the F⁻ media, the hydrophobic zeolite and mesoporous silica can be synthesized. These hydrophobic porous materials exhibit the high ability for the adsorption of organic compounds diluted in water and become the useful supports of photocatalyst. The hydrophobic Ti-Beta(F) zeolite prepared in the F⁻ media exhibited high efficiency than the hydrophilic Ti-Beta(OH) zeolite prepared in OH⁻ media for the liquid-phase photocatalytic degradation of 2-propanol diluted in water to produce CO₂ and H₂O. The TiO₂ loaded on the hydrophobic mesoporous silica HMS(F) (TiO₂/HMS(F)), which was synthesized using tetraethyl orthosilicate, tetraethylammonium fluoride as the source of the fluoride and dodecylamine as templates, also exhibited the efficient photocatalytic performance for the degradation. The amount of adsorption of 2-propanol and the photocatalytic reactivity for the degradation increased with increasing the content of fluoride ions on these photocatalysts. The efficient photocatalytic degradation of 2-propanol diluted in water on Ti-Beta(F) zeolite and TiO₂/HMS(F) mesoporous silica can be attributed to the larger affinity for the adsorption of propanol molecules on the titanium oxide species depending on the hydrophobic surface properties of these photocatalysts.     

Role of the support on the activity of silica-supported TiO2 photocatalysts: Structure of the TiO2/SBA-15 photocatalysts

Immobilization of TiO₂ on silica materials has been commonly proposed in order to make easier the separation of the catalyst after the photocatalytic reactions in aqueous systems. The main drawback of the supported photocatalysts is that they usually show lower activities in comparison with powdered TiO₂ materials. The aim of this work is to elucidate the structure of some silica-supported TiO₂ photocatalysts recently developed as well as to evaluate the role that the porous structure of the support can play in the observed photocatalytic activities. In comparison with the use of an amorphous silica support, the use of the mesostructured silica SBA-15 produces an ordered structure in which TiO₂ crystals of similar sizes, independently of titania loading, are located inside the mesoporous channels of the support. The photocatalytic treatment of several cyanide-containing compounds is analyzed and the results are explained in terms of the structure of every catalyst. Depending on the model compound, the characteristic structure of the TiO₂/SBA-15 materials allows increasing up to eight times the activity achieved by the Degussa P25 TiO₂. The main conclusion of this work is the strong influence of the textural properties of the support on the catalytic activity of immobilized TiO₂ photocatalysts.     

TiO2 coating types influencing the role of water vapor on the photocatalytic oxidation of methyl ethyl ketone in the gas phase

Four TiO₂-based materials, named A, B, C and D, are used to investigate the influence of water vapor on the gas–solid adsorption and heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of gaseous methyl ethyl ketone (MEK). Two of the photocatalysts (A and B) are constituted of powdered TiO₂ deposited onto two different supports (ordinary glass and non-woven cellulose fibers). The other ones (C and D) are composed of a thin film of TiO₂ coated on glass substrates. The effect of water vapor on MEK initial conversion rates is studied for the four photocatalytic materials using the Langmuir–Hinshelwood model at the initial time. On the concentrations range where the model hypotheses are verified, adsorption constants K and kinetics constants k are calculated for experiments under both dry and humid atmosphere. When the relative humidity is increased, the evolution of these constants shows that water vapor acts differently depending on the form of deposited TiO₂ (powder and film).     

Water disinfection by solar photocatalysis using compound parabolic collectors

TiO₂ solar photocatalysis has been proven to be a degradation process for aqueous organic contaminant leading to total mineralisation of a large number of compounds. Furthermore, the interest in using this technique for water disinfection has grown in the last decade. Recent publications have reported photokilling of bacteria and viruses by TiO₂ photocatalysis. Therefore, solar photocatalysis disinfection seems to be a very promising process, which could help to improve public health in rural areas of developing countries.

The objective of this work was to assess the feasibility of using TiO₂ solar photocatalysis to disinfect water supplies for future applications in developing countries. This article reviews the viability of solar photocatalysis for disinfection in low cost compound parabolic collectors, using sunlight and titanium dioxide semiconductor, both applied as slurry and supported. We report on the bactericidal action of TiO₂ on a pure culture of Escherichia coli with a low cost photoreactor based on compound parabolic collectors. The influence of different experimental set-ups and parameters are also analysed.

The results and potential application of the solar photocatalysis technology to water disinfection are studied within the frame of two research EU projects whose objective consist on the development of a fully autonomous solar reactor system to purify drinking water in remote locations of developing countries.     

光催化降解阿特拉津的研究进展

阿特拉津作为一种高效廉价的除草剂被广泛应用于农业生产中,其结构稳定,难降解,已在水环境中大量检出,对生物及人体健康存在潜在威胁。与其他处理技术相比,光催化降解法对阿特拉津的降解起着重要作用。综述TiO_2光催化剂、经掺杂改性的TiO_2复合材料、金属离子及其复合物和金属氧化物对阿特拉津的光催化降解效率,并展望光催化材料的发展前景。高效的可见光光催化剂还有待开发,以增强对太阳光的吸收和利用,且应考虑将光催化降解法与其他处理技术相结合,开发既经济又高效去除阿特拉津的技术。综述阿特拉津的光催化降解机理,通过对降解过程中的中间产物鉴定,研究认为,阿特拉津三嗪环上的3个侧链经强氧化活性物种·OH进攻,发生烷基氧化、脱烷基化和脱氯羟基化等系列反应,最终被矿化为Cl~-、NO_3~-、CO_2和H_2O。     

二维共轭碳材料/TiO2复合光催化剂制备及表征

选用两种二维共轭碳材料石墨烯(GR)和石墨炔(GD),通过水热合成的方法原位生长制备TiO_2-GR和尿素分散的TiO_2-GR以及TiO_2-GD复合材料光催化剂,对3种复合材料催化剂的表面形貌和物相结构进行表征,并测试3种催化剂光催化剂性能。结果表明,石墨烯和石墨炔的加入,对TiO_2起到明显的分散作用,TiO_2颗粒与石墨烯和石墨炔紧密结合;尿素的加入使TiO_2-GR颗粒尺寸进一步减小,TiO_2分散度进一步提高。在模拟太阳光辐射下,一定时间内光催化剂光降解有机染料亚甲基蓝和甲基橙,结果表明,二维共轭碳材料石墨烯和石墨炔的加入使复合材料光催化剂TiO_2-GR和TiO_2-GD的光催化性能为纯TiO_2光催化剂的1. 67倍和1. 68倍,复合材料光催化剂表现出更优秀的催化性能。     

Photocatalytic degradation of organic compounds diluted in water using visible light-responsive metal ion-implanted TiO2 catalysts: Fe ion-implanted TiO2

The application of metal ion-implantation method has been made to improve the electronic properties of the TiO₂ photocatalyst to realize the utilization of visible light. The photocatalytic properties of these unique TiO₂ photocatalysts for the purification of water have been investigated. By the metal ion-implantation method, metal ions (Fe⁺, Mn⁺, V⁺, etc.) are accelerated enough to have the high kinetic energy (150 keV) and can be implanted into the bulk of TiO₂. TiO₂ photocatalysts which can absorb visible light and work as a photocatalyst efficiently under visible light irradiation were successfully prepared using this advanced technique. The UV-Vis absorption spectra of these metal ion-implanted TiO₂ photocatalysts were found to shift toward visible light regions depending on the amount and the kind of metal ions implanted. They were found to exhibit an effective photocatalytic reactivity for the liquid-phase degradation of 2-propanol diluted in water at 295 K under visible light (λ>450 nm) irradiation. The investigation using XAFS analysis suggested that the substitution of Ti ions in TiO₂ lattice with implanted metal ions is important to modify TiO₂ to be able to adsorb visible light.     

光催化分离膜的制备及其在水处理中的应用

光催化分离膜将膜分离与光催化结合在同一处理单元中,可发挥膜分离作用,同时也可以利用光催化剂高效降解水中的有毒有害污染物,提高膜的抗污染性能和水处理效率。因此是水处理领域的研究热点,并显示出巨大的应用潜力。本文综述了基于二氧化钛（TiO₂）、氧化锌（ZnO）、石墨相氮化碳（g-C₃N₄）和氧化钨（WO₃）四种常用催化剂的光催化分离膜的研究概况,重点对光催化分离膜的制备方法和性能进行了总结,光催化分离膜具有良好的发展前景,制备高效、稳定的可见光响应光催化分离膜是未来的发展趋势。