正辛醇改性负载钛催化体系催化异戊二烯聚合的研究

以不同用量正辛醇改性负载钛催化体系(TiCl4/MgCl2)催化异戊二烯配位聚合,考察了催化剂用量、Al剂用量及反应温度对聚合的影响,通过1H-NMR法表征了聚合产物的微观结构,通过DSC表征了聚合产物的熔点及结晶度。结果表明:改性负载钛催化体系的催化效率随正辛醇用量的增大而降低,当聚合条件为n(Al)/n(Ti)=50,n(Ti)/n(Ip)=5×10-4,聚合温度60℃时,催化效率最高。聚合产物的相对分子质量随正辛醇用量的提高而增大、随主催化剂用量的提高而降低,Al剂用量及反应条件对聚合物相对分子质量的影响同对催化活性的影响基本一致。所得聚异戊二烯的3,4-结构质量分数为8.2%,反-1,4-结构质量分数为91.8%;聚合产物的熔点及结晶度均低于TPI。     

磷酸酯改性钼系催化剂催化异戊二烯聚合

以磷酸二异辛酯(P204)改性的MoCl5(简称Mo)为主催化剂、间甲酚取代的三异丁基铝(简称Al)为助催化剂,催化异戊二烯(Ip)聚合,考察了催化剂用量、聚合温度、时间等对单体转化率和聚合物特性黏数的影响,并对聚合物的微观结构进行了表征。结果表明,以P204作为Mo的改性剂时,催化体系较以磷酸三丁酯和正辛醇为改性剂具有更高的活性,在P204/Mo(摩尔比)为2∶1时,单体转化率为70.9%;P204/Mo/Al体系下在Mo/Ip(摩尔比)为10×10-4、Al/Mo(摩尔比)为15、反应温度为60℃以及聚合时间为24 h的条件下,所得聚合产物主要以1,4-结构为主,其摩尔分数达到70%以上。     

丁二烯本体聚合及与异戊二烯的共聚合

研究了负载钛催化剂引发丁二烯本体聚合合成高反式-1,4-聚丁二烯的条件,如催化剂组成、温度、时间、催化剂用量等对聚合过程和催化效率的影响.在Al/Ti摩尔比为70,30℃,8h条件下,在Ti/Bd(摩尔比)为(1～2)×10-5时,丁二烯的本体聚合具有最佳催化效率,聚丁二烯的反式-1,4-结构摩尔分数为99%.并对丁二烯和异戊二烯的共聚合进行了研究,结果表明二者发生了共聚合.     

辛醇改性负载钛催化体系合成高乙烯基聚丁二烯

采用C8H17OH改性负载钛催化体系合成了聚丁二烯,考察了改性时间、改性温度、加入辛醇比例对催化剂效率的影响。实验表明改性时间为2h、温度为80℃时具有最佳催化效率。所得聚合产物以反式聚丁二烯及无规1,2-聚丁二烯为主,其结晶度较纯反式聚丁二烯相比下降较大。增高C8H17OH比例,聚合产物中乙烯基含量增大,C8H17OH/Ti(摩尔比)高于25时,改性催化剂可制得高乙烯基聚丁二烯。     

钛酸丁酯/负载钛体系催化异戊二烯聚合

以钛酸丁酯[Ti(C_4H_9O)_4] 和TiCl_4/MgCl2(简称Ti)为主催化剂、三异丁基铝(简称Al)为助催化剂催化异戊二烯 (Ip)聚合,考察了Ti(C4H9O)4和Al用量对聚合物在汽油中可溶性及单体转化率、催化效率(CE)的影响,并对聚合物进行了表征.结果表明,当Ti/Ip(摩尔比)一定时,聚合物在汽油中的溶解度随着Ti(C_4H_9O)_4/Ip(摩尔比)的增加而增大,Ti(C_4H_9O)_4/Ip为3×10~(-3)时,单体转化率达到最大值;当主催化剂配比及用量一定时,聚合物在汽油中的溶解度随着Al/Ti(C_4H_9O)_4(摩尔比)的增加先增大后减小,当 Al/Ti(C_4H_9O)_4为10～15时,单体转化率和CE存在最大值;该催化体系制得的聚异戊二烯以反式-1,4-结构为主,同时包含一定量的3,4-和1,2-结构.     

均相Nd(vers)3/Al(i-Bu)2H/Al(i-Bu)2Cl催化聚合异戊二烯

采用A l(i-Bu)2C l(简称C l)、Nd(vers)3(简称Nd)和A l(i-Bu)2H(简称A l)在少量异戊二烯(Ip)存在下,Nd与A l在50℃下反应后,再与C l作用,可配制成均相高效催化剂体系。考察了Nd和A l二组分陈化时间、Nd和A l、C l三组分陈化时间、A l/Nd(摩尔比)、C l/Nd(摩尔比)、聚合温度及溶剂对催化剂相态和Ip聚合的影响。结果表明,上述反应因素对催化剂的相态和产物微观结构均无影响,聚异戊二烯(PI)的顺式-1,4-结构摩尔分数在95.0%以上;Nd和A l二组分陈化时间应控制在10 m in之内;Nd、A l和C l三组分陈化时间对PI收率无影响。当A l/Nd为15或C l/Nd为1.0时,均相Nd/A l/C l催化剂体系仍具有高的聚合活性。当聚合温度为30~70℃时,提高温度可提高PI收率;以环己烷替代或部分替代己烷可提高PI收率。     

含内给电子体的负载钛催化剂催化1-丁烯本体聚合

以Al(i-Bu)3(简称Al)为助催化剂,采用含有内给电子体的负载钛催化剂(简称Ti)体系催化1-丁烯(Bt)本体聚合,合成了聚1-丁烯热塑性弹性体(PB-TPE),考察了Al/Ti(摩尔比)、聚合温度对转化率、产物全同结构含量和力学性能的影响,研究了产物的结晶行为和微观结构。结果表明,随着Al/Ti的增加,聚合产物的全同结构含量先升高后降低,当Ti/Bt(摩尔比)为3×10-5、Al/Ti为400时,全同结构质量分数可达到80%;随聚合温度的升高单体的转化率增大,在40℃时,转化率达86%,但全同结构含量明显降低。PB-TPE的玻璃化转变温度为-23.10℃,熔点为111.28℃,结晶度为29%。采用含内给电子体的Ti合成的PB-TPE的全同结构含量和结晶度较不含内给电子体的Ti合成的PB-TPE高,从而使其拉伸强度达14MPa。     

磷酸三丁酯对钼催化体系聚合丁二烯的影响

以磷酸三丁酯(TBP)改性MOCl5(简称MoTBP)为主催化剂,Al(OPhCH3)(i-Bu)2(简称Al)为助催化剂催化聚合丁二烯(Bd),通过紫外可见光谱对MoTBP的催化行为进行了表征,探讨了TBP用量对Bd聚合反应的影响,研究了适宜的聚合条件,并与辛醇取代MoCl5,[MoCl3,(OC8H17)2]催化体系进行了比较.结果表明,经TBP改性MoCl5,催化活性明显提高,TBP与MoCl5最佳摩尔比为2.0;最佳聚合条件:AL/MoTBP(摩尔比)为20,MoTBP/Bd(摩尔比)为(1.0～3.0)×10-4,Bd质量浓度为0.14 g/mL,聚合温度为60℃,聚合时间为6 h;与MOCl3(OC8H17)2体系相比,MoTBP体系催化聚合所得1,2-聚丁二烯的相对分子质量减小,相对分子质量分布加宽,1,2-结构摩尔分数为85.7%左右,其中以全同立构体(摩尔分数为53.25%)为主,且含有质量分数小于0.32%的凝胶.     

以邻菲咯啉为配体的铬系催化剂制备1,2-聚丁二烯

以邻菲咯啉(简称Phen)为配体、异辛酸铬(简称Cr)-三异丁基铝(简称Al)为催化剂、己烷为溶剂合成1,2-聚丁二烯,考察了Phen和Al用量以及聚合温度对1,2-聚丁二烯微观结构及其相对分子质量的影响.结果表明,低相对分子质量聚合物是Cr和Al作用的结果,高相时分子质量聚合物是Cr、Pllen和Al作用的结果;在Phen/Cr(摩尔比)为1.0、Al/Cr(摩尔比)为20、聚合温度为50℃的条件下,Cr-Phen-Al催化荆具有高活性,可得到1,2-结构摩尔分数约为50%、相对分子质量呈双峰分布、间同度为28%的聚丁二烯.     

二元三氟甲磺酸稀土催化体系合成高顺式-1,4-聚丁二烯橡胶

用以Nd(CF3SO3)3·3 TBP(简称Nd,其中TBP为磷酸三丁酯)为主催化剂、Al(i-Bu)2H(简称Al)为助催化剂、己烷(Hex)为溶剂,在少量单体1,3-丁二烯(Bd)存在下配制的催化体系催化Bd聚合,考察了催化剂配制方式、单体加入量、Al/Nd(摩尔比,下同)、催化剂用量、陈化温度、陈化时间等对Bd聚合的影响。结果表明,在催化剂加料顺序为Nd+Bd+Al+Hex,Bd/Nd(摩尔比)为10、Al/Nd为15~20、Nd/Bd(摩尔比)为8×10-5,50℃陈化1.0 h的条件下,聚丁二烯橡胶收率可达75.0%以上,顺式-1,4-结构摩尔分数高达98.0%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.