松树皮提取碧萝芷天然抗氧剂的研究

研究了马尾松、湿地松、火炬松、落叶松和黑荆树等树木的树皮，以及马尾松和湿地松等树木的针叶提取、分离、精制碧萝芷的工艺和产品质量。试验表明，以黑荆树树皮作原料提取碧萝芷高效抗氧化剂的产品得率高，质量好，制得的产品，外观为浅粉红色粉末，产品中原花色素含量达９５％以上。     

国外经济用材速生树种—-----黑荆树的利用概况

黑荆树(Acacia mearnsii De Willd)又名澳洲金合欢。属含羞草科金合欢属。国内有引种,但数量极少。黑荆树是常绿阔叶速生经济用材树种。七年左右成材。黑荆树木材用作坑木。近年,南非以削片形式出口日本,作造纸材。荆树皮是含单宁很高的栲胶原料。在两次世界大战期     

黑荆树最佳砍伐期的探讨

黑荆树(Acacia mearnsii)是含羞草科金合欢属常绿乔木,原产澳大利亚,五十年代开始引入我国,现已有成林面积约一万余亩,主要分布在广东、广西、云南、福建、浙江、湖南、江西、四川、贵州等省(区)。黑荆树皮含有丰富的单宁,是目前世界上最佳单宁植物资源,它制的栲胶品质最优,在世界市场上享有极高声誉和具有强大的竞争力。黑荆树木材也是极好的制浆原料,深受造纸工业的欢迎。为了探索不同年龄黑荆树皮单宁含量及树体养分的动态变化,以便确定采剥黑荆树皮的最佳年龄,使获得产量高、质量优的栲胶产品。我们曾在广西省宜山、武鸣,湖南省龙山、零陵、会同等五个地方的黑荆树引种区进行调查及采样分析,现将结果分述如下。     

新品种黑荆树栲胶在四川问世

被誉为世界王牌的黑荆树栲胶已在四川达县地区栲胶厂投入批量生产。原产澳大利亚的黑荆树速生树种,为常绿乔木,其树皮食单宁量高,列为当今世界优良的栲胶原料。八十年代初,四川达县地区的开江、达县等县的林业部门积极推广引种黑荆树的栽培技术,通过科学管理,现保存一定面积。近两年开始间伐采剥树皮,仅该地区开江县1992年剥皮交售量约70t。为开发栲胶新品     

黑荆树皮的采剥与貯存

黑荆树皮的采剥与贮存,是保证黑荆树皮产量、质量以致影响栲胶的产量和质量的重要一环,关系到原料基地和栲胶厂的经济效益。从某种意义上讲,这和黑荆树的良种选育、丰产技术有同等重要意义。     

澳大利亚专家访问林化所

应中国林科院邀请,澳大利亚国际农业研究中心(ACIAR)中澳合作项目有关专家希利斯博士、代崎博士、波兰特博士和巴罗迪斯博士,于1988年9月28日至10月1日访问了林化所。澳方专家除参观林化所外,重点由8458项目小组成员系统地汇报了三年来项目执行情况及取得的成果。内容包括:①通过赴澳采集黑荆树种源树皮样品及学习掌握先进的超滤技术,对样品作了系统分析鉴定,为黑荆树引种育种提供了基础数据和科学依据;②利用黑荆树树皮栲胶制取单宁胶取得初步效果;③收集整理各国黑荆树有关化学加工     

树皮新鲜程度对黑荆树栲胶颜色的影响

利用新鲜树皮能够改善黑荆树栲胶的颜色 ,树皮越新鲜 ,生产出来的栲胶颜色越浅。通过脱色处理 ,能达到国外脱色栲胶颜色的要求     

加速发展黑荆树经济用材林基地

(一)黑荆树(Acacia mearnsii)是一种很好的经济用材树种,它以速生、丰产、用途广、经济价值高而著称。国外,特别南非在战后得到了迅速的发展,此后又有不少国家进行了引种,如巴西已建立了黑荆树种植场和较现代化的栲胶厂;印度、日本等国也先后进行过引种栽培。黑荆树材质坚硬,纹理细致,可作坑木、建筑、造纸、刨花板、硬质纤维板、家具、车船、农具、渔具等用材,生长迅速,8年左右就可采伐利用。黑荆树皮是一种优质的栲胶原料,世界上有名的荆树栲胶就是用它生产的,主要用     

树皮新鲜程度对黑荆树栲胶颜色的影响

利用新鲜树皮能够改善黑荆树栲胶的颜色，树皮越新鲜，生产出来的栲胶颜色越浅，通过脱色处理，能达到国外脱色栲胶颜色的要求。     

中国金合欢属资源利用

金合欢属树种最具典型的用途是黑荆树的树皮用来提制栲胶。文章分别介绍了中国金合欢属树种的树皮、树胶、木材、枝桠以及树叶、花、果实和种子的主要成分和用途。另外介绍了立木的生态及观赏作用。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.