无卤膨胀复合阻燃低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共混物的研究

分别采用三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐(MCA)、微胶囊红磷(MCP)以及氢氧化镁[Mg(OH)2]等与膨胀型阻燃剂PNP进行复配,研究了不同阻燃剂及其配比对低密度聚乙烯/乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯(PE-LD/EVA)共混物的阻燃和力学性能的影响。结果表明,在PE-LD/EVA为70/30的基体树脂中,当复合阻燃剂的含量为35%时,PNP/MCA的最佳配比为3/2,阻燃材料的极限氧指数为30.8%;PNP/MCA/MCP的最佳比例为24/16/4,阻燃材料极限氧指数为32.3%;PNP/MCA/MCP/Mg(OH)2的最佳比例为24/16/4/22,阻燃材料的极限氧指数为30.9%,垂直燃烧达到UL 94V-0级,拉伸强度为11.1MPa,断裂伸长率为80.6%。     

膨胀型阻燃剂对热硫化硅橡胶阻燃性能的影响

研究了膨胀型阻燃剂聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）和三聚氰胺（MEL）对甲基乙烯基硅橡胶的硫化特性、力学性能和阻燃性能的影响,通过观察硅橡胶的燃烧灰烬,研究了硅橡胶的燃烧行为和膨胀型阻燃剂对硅橡胶的阻燃机理。结果表明,随着阻燃剂APP用量的增大,硅橡胶的正硫化时间延长,焦烧时间缩短,力学性能下降,阻燃性能提高。不加阻燃剂的硅橡胶的氧指数为27.4%,当APP用量为40份时,硅橡胶的氧指数为28.6%,垂直燃烧等级为FV-0级;随着膨胀型阻燃剂APP/PER/MEL用量的增大,硅橡胶的氧指数增加,当APP/PER/MEL用量分别为30/5/5份时,硅橡胶的氧指数为32%,垂直燃烧等级为FV-0级。硅橡胶的燃烧灰烬具有明显的＂壳-芯＂结构,表明燃烧过程中硅橡胶分子链和填料发生了相分离,其中壳层为白色致密物,随着膨胀型阻燃剂用量的增大,芯层颜色由半透明白色转变为黑色,表明膨胀型阻燃剂有利于成炭阻燃。     

APP/MCA复合阻燃增强聚丙烯的研究

将三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐（MCA）、聚磷酸铵（APP）与聚丙烯（PP）共混,制备了无卤阻燃PP复合材料,采用极限氧指数仪、热失重分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、电子万能试验机等对材料的阻燃性能、热性能和力学性能等进行了表征,研究了APP/MCA的协效阻燃作用及其对材料力学性能的影响规律。结果表明,在材料中添加25份APP/MCA时,材料的极限氧指数随MCA含量的增加先升高后下降,当MCA含量为30 %（质量分数,下同）时,材料的极限氧指数达到最大值24.2 %;材料的力学性能同样随MCA含量的增加而先升高后下降,当MCA含量为30 %时,其拉伸强度比APP单独阻燃PP时提高了50 %,断裂强度和屈服强度均提高10 %以上。     

含磷硅高分子阻燃剂与聚磷酸铵对EVA的协效阻燃作用

研究了聚酯型磷-硅无卤阻燃剂(EMPZR)与聚磷酸铵(APP)对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)阻燃及力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加为40 %（质量分数,下同）的由EMPZR和APP所组成的复合阻燃剂得到的阻燃EVA材料,其极限氧指数达到28.6 %,垂直燃烧测试达到V-0级,拉伸强度为6.4 MPa,断裂伸长率达592 %。热失重分析测试表明,阻燃EVA材料的热失重速率较纯EVA有明显下降;成炭率显著提高,阻燃EVA在800 ℃时残炭量为15 % ,纯EVA仅为0.2 %。通过扫描电子显微镜对残炭形貌进行表征,以及对氧指数测试前后的阻燃EVA材料的红外图谱分析,表明EMPZR与APP在EVA中具有协效阻燃作用。     

CaCO_3和EG与APP/PER/ZB体系协同阻燃交联EVAC基复合材料的研究

采用膨胀型阻燃剂[聚磷酸铵/季戊四醇/硼酸锌(APP/PER/ZB)体系]对交联乙烯–乙酸乙烯酯塑料(EVAC)进行阻燃改性,然后分别用CaCO3和可膨胀石墨(EG)进一步优化EVAC/APP/PER/ZB复合材料。采用极限氧指数(LOI)仪、锥形量热仪和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了复合材料的阻燃性能及阻燃机理,并测试了复合材料的力学性能和介电性能。结果表明,随着APP/PER/ZB体系含量的增加,复合材料的LOI逐渐升高,热释放速率峰值、平均热释放速率、热释放总量逐渐降低;拉伸强度、断裂伸长率和介电常数逐渐下降,但介电损耗变化极小。CaCO3和EG优化的复合材料阻燃性能和拉伸性能均比未优化的有所提高,起到一定的协同阻燃效果,其中EG的优化效果最好;CaCO3对复合材料介电性能的影响与APP/PER/ZB体系大致相同,但高频下EG的影响较为显著,均明显降低了复合材料的介电常数和介电损耗峰值。     

膨胀型阻燃剂/二乙基次磷酸铝阻燃改性不饱和树脂基复合材料

采用密胺包覆聚磷酸铵（APP）、季戊四醇（PER）和三聚氰胺（MEL）作为膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）对不饱和树脂（UP）进行改性,研究了APP、PER和MEL不同复配比例及用量对不饱和树脂基复合材料阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。基于IFR最佳用量,以二乙基次磷酸铝（ADP）为协效剂,研究了ADP用量对IFR/UP阻燃复合材料阻燃性能、力学性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当APP∶PER∶MEL复配比例为4∶1∶1,IFR添加量为15 %（质量分数,下同）时,复合材料综合性能最佳,其极限氧指数为27.4 %,UL 94垂直燃烧达到V?1等级,弯曲强度和冲击韧性分别为100.3 MPa和6.3 kJ/m²;ADP的引入能够进一步提高IFR/UP复合材料阻燃性能,且随着ADP质量分数的增加而增强;当ADP质量分数为2 %时,IFR?ADP/UP复合材料极限氧指数为28.5 %并达到V?0阻燃等级,弯曲强度和冲击韧性分别为110 MPa和7.8 kJ/m²,与IFR/UP复合材料相比,分别提高了9.7 %和23.8 %;ADP能够促进IFR/UP复合材料表面成炭,缓解基体的热降解。     

聚磷酸三聚氰胺/季戊四醇/水滑石阻燃体系改性EVA热塑性弹性体的研究

采用聚磷酸三聚氰胺/季戊四醇（MPP/PER）膨胀阻燃体系与水滑石（LDH）并用阻燃改性乙烯—醋酸乙烯酯（EVA）热塑性弹性体。结果表明,当EVA/MPP/PER/LDH质量比为60/20/10/10时,复合材料阻燃级别达到UL94V-0,极限氧指数（LOI）为30.6%。TGA分析结果表明,阻燃体系MPP/PER和LDH协同效应提高了EVA热分解残留率。炭层扫描电镜（SEM）分析表明,MPP/PER与LDH协同作用有利于形成连续致密的炭层,提高了EVA/MPP/PER/LDH复合材料的阻燃性能。     

含磷三嗪环聚合物阻燃聚丙烯材料的制备及性能

利用自制的三嗪环低聚物(PMPT)及复合阻燃剂制备阻燃聚丙烯材料,研究复合阻燃剂APP/PER/PMPT用量对阻燃PP力学性能、热分解性能的影响,并初步推测阻燃剂PMPT的阻燃机理.结果表明:加入复合阻燃剂使阻燃PP的力学性能有所下降.TG曲线显示:复合阻燃剂使阻燃PP的热分解速率减小,热稳定性增加.复合阻燃剂APP/PER/PMPT使PP的氧指数(LOI)增加62%.APP/PER/PMPTF复合阻燃剂主要在凝聚相起到阻燃作用.     

有机蒙脱土对EVA/IFR复合材料阻燃性能的影响

以聚磷酸铵（APP）和季戊四醇（PER）为膨胀型阻燃剂（IFR）制备了含有蒙脱土的无卤阻燃乙烯 醋酸乙烯共聚物（EVA）复合材料。通过极限氧指数、热失重分析、锥形量热分析等手段研究了有机蒙脱土(OMMT)的存在对EVA阻燃性能和热降解性能的影响,并通过扫描电子显微镜对复合材料残炭表面形貌进行了观察和分析。结果表明,加入有机蒙脱土可以促进复合材料成炭、改善炭层质量,从而起到了良好的隔热、抑烟作用;OMMT的最佳添加量为3份（质量份数,下同）,复合材料的极限氧指数可达到29.4 %,垂直燃烧可达V 0级。     

聚磷酸酯膨胀阻燃剂复配有机蒙脱土阻燃改性环氧树脂

以间苯二胺为固化剂,聚苯氧基磷酸210氢9氧杂磷杂菲对苯二酚酯（POPP）、聚磷酸铵（APP）为阻燃剂, 复配质量分数为1 %有机蒙脱土（OMMT）为膨胀阻燃体系,对环氧树脂（EP）进行阻燃改性。通过极限氧指数测定仪、垂直燃烧测定仪同步热分析仪、锥形量热等研究改性EP的阻燃性能、热性能和力学性能。结果表明,当膨胀阻燃体系（2.5 %POPP/APP+1 %OMMT）添加量为3.5 %时,改性EP可达UL 94 V-0级,同时LOI为25.2 %;当膨胀阻燃体系添加量为11 %时,改性EP的LOI值进一步升高到31.7 %;阻燃剂的加入,使EP的初始分解温度略有降低,但残炭量明显增加;POPP/APP/OMMT的加入很大程度上降低了EP的热释放速率、烟释放量和平均热释放速率。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.