5-(4″,4″,4″-三氟-1″,3″-丁二酮基)-2,2′-联噻吩的合成与性质研究

经酰化、缩合反应,合成得到1种新型β二酮配体5－（4″,4″,4″-三氟－1″,3″－丁二酮基）－2,2′－联噻吩,探讨合成条件对反应的影响,并研究了该β－二酮配体的紫外可见光谱和红外光谱性质。     

紫檀芪查尔酮衍生物的合成及抗肿瘤活性研究

以紫檀芪为先导化合物，将其酚羟基甲氧基化，引入醛基，并与丹皮酚乙酸通过羟醛缩合反应合成紫檀芪查尔酮苯氧乙酸，再与不同的有机胺反应得到10个目标化合物。所有目标化合物经核磁共振氢谱、质谱进行结构确证。采用MTT法初步评价目标化合物对人肝癌细胞HepG2、人非小细胞肺癌细胞A549、人骨肉瘤细胞U-2OS的体外抗肿瘤活性，同时采用ELISA法检测目标化合物对组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDAC)的抑制能力。结果表明大部分目标化合物抗肿瘤活性高于紫檀芪，其中化合物(E)-3-(2,4-二甲氧基-6-((E)-4-甲氧基苯乙烯基)苯基)-1-(4-甲氧基-2-(2-吗啉基-2-氧代乙氧基)苯基)丙-2-烯-1-酮(5a)对U-2OS细胞的IC₅₀值达到了(6.10±1.11)μmol/L。同时，该化合物在25μmol/L时，对HDAC1和HDAC2的抑制率可达40%左右。     

(E)-2-(4-((4-氟苄基)氧)苯乙基烯)-4,6-二甲氧基苯甲醛的合成工艺

紫檀芪(A)经4-氟溴苄取代生成中间产物B,考查投料比、反应溶剂对其收率的影响。当投料比(紫檀芪∶对氟溴苄)为1∶1.2,反应溶剂为乙腈时,产品收率为81.32%。中间体B经Vilsmeier-Haack反应生成目标产物2-(4-((4-氟苄基)氧)苯乙基烯)-4,6-二甲氧基苯甲醛(C),收率为76.57%。     

L-色氨酸衍生物的合成及促凝活性

以L-色氨酸为原料,分别与以邻苯二甲酸酐保护的4-氨甲基苯甲酸、4-氨甲基环己基甲酸及6-氨基己酸反应合成了3种酰胺衍生物,分别是(S)-3-(1'H-吲哚-3'-基)-2-{4″-[(1'″,3'″-二氧代异吲哚-2'″-基)甲基]苯甲酰氨基}丙酸(Ⅰ)、(S)-3-(1'H-吲哚-3'-基)-2-{4″-[(1'″,3'″-二氧代异吲哚-2'″-基)甲基]环己基甲酰氨基}丙酸(Ⅱ)及(S)-3-(1'H-吲哚-3'-基)-2-[6″-(1'″,3'″-二氧代异吲哚-2'″-基)己酰氨基]丙酸(Ⅲ)。通过IR、MS、1HNMR及13CNMR对其结构进行了表征。反向筛选出两种与促凝活性相关的蛋白,再将L-色氨酸及3个目标化合物与其分别进行正向对接,通过凝血四项与血浆复钙时间实验表明,化合物Ⅰ及化合物Ⅲ的促凝活性随其质量浓度的增加而增强,化合物Ⅱ具有浓度依赖性调节作用。     

文摘选录

用三氟甲基取代化合物合成两种新的铬精冠醚(Chromogenic Crown Ethers)成功地萃取含钠溶液中的钾,文章对这种冠醚进行了评价及光谱测定。这些冠醚是4'-(2″,6″-二硝基-4″-三氟甲基苯)氨基苯骈15-冠-5(4TF)及4″-(2″,4″-二硝基-6″-三氟甲基苯)氨基苯骈15-冠-5(6TF)。这些冠醚有最大λ值及复杂和不复杂试样的克分子吸收率及萃取效率。如6TF在3000 ppm钠离子存在的情况下可以萃取5～700 ppm的钾离子。这些冠醚对碱及碱土金属离子选择钾有特殊本领,其电子效应好,在有机溶剂中能改进水溶解度。(卓)     

測定微量鋁的新試剂

(口底)唑学名[2,2′-二磺酸4,4′双(偶氮-1″)3″,4″-二羟基苯]二苯乙烯铵盐,是全苏试剂科学研究所合成的新化合物,并推荐作为用比色法测定微量铝离子的特效灵敏试剂。其结构式为:     

7H-三呋咱并[3,4-b∶3',4'-f∶3",4"-d]氮杂环庚三烯及新型含能衍生物合成及性能的理论计算

以3,4-双(3'-硝基呋咱-4'-基)氧化呋咱(DNTF)为原料,经亲核取代、环化、还原反应得到7H-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3″,4″-d]氮杂环庚三烯(HTFAZ);利用HTFAZ的反应活性,自主设计合成了两种新型含能化合物7-(2,4,6-三硝基苯基)-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3″,4″-d]氮杂环庚三烯(化合物1)和7-(2,4,6-三硝基-3,5-二氨基苯基)-三呋咱并[3,4-b:3',4'-f:3″,4″-d]氮杂环庚三烯(化合物2),并采用红外、核磁(1H NMR、13C NMR)、元素分析等进行了结构表征;采用DSC方法研究了化合物1和化合物2的热性能;采用Kamlet-Jacobs方程预估了两种化合物的爆轰性能。结果表明,改进HTFAZ的合成路线后,HTFAZ的收率达到63. 2%;化合物1和化合物2的热分解温度分别为371. 7℃和296. 3℃,表现出良好的热稳定性;化合物1的密度为1. 90 g/cm~3,理论爆速为8033 m/s,理论爆压为30. 11 GPa,其爆轰性能优于TNT,密度和热稳定性高于TNT和RDX。     

DCC/DMAP催化制备乙酰阿魏酸乙酯

以4-羟基-3-甲氧基苯甲醛为起始原料,合成了中间产物乙酰阿魏酸,再以N,N-二环己基碳二亚胺(DCC)和4-二甲胺基吡啶(DMAP)为催化剂,通过酯化反应制备了乙酰阿魏酸乙酯,各步产物通过红外光谱、质谱和元素分析对其结构进行表征确认。实验结果表明:在室温下,催化剂用量为乙酰阿魏酸用量的3%,反应时间为4 h的条件下,产率达到75%,为最优条件。     

高锰酸钾氧化法制备1,1′:3′,1″-三联苯-4,4″-二羧酸及其光学性质

以4,4″-二甲基-1,1′:3′,1″-三联苯(1)为原料,吡啶-水为混合溶剂,高锰酸钾为氧化剂,制备了1,1′:3′,1″-三联苯-4,4″-二羧酸(2),利用核磁共振氢谱、红外光谱、吸收光谱、荧光光谱等表征了化合物2的结构和性质,并考察了化合物1与高锰酸钾的物质的量比、反应时间和反应温度对收率的影响,进而确定了化合物2的优化合成条件,即以吡啶-水混合液(4∶11,V∶V)为反应溶剂,n(1)∶n(高锰酸钾)=1∶6.7,反应温度为95℃,反应时间为1.5h时,化合物2的产率为74.8%。     

双酰亚胺型均苯四甲酸及复合酸镧盐的合成与应用

采用水热法制备了4,4'-亚甲基-二苯基-二-(1″,2″)-酰亚胺-二-(4″,5″)-苯二甲酸酐(简称酰亚胺四酸酐)以及双硬脂酸单4,4'-亚甲基-二苯基-二-(1″,2″)-酰亚胺-二-(4″,5″)-苯二甲酸二镧(简称复合酸镧盐La-1),应用红外光谱与热失重法对其结构进行表征,并将La-1应用于聚酰胺66(PA 66)以改善PA 66热氧化稳定性,且与硬脂酸镧(La-2)、均苯四甲酸镧(La-3)、双硬脂酸单均苯四甲酸二镧(La-4)进行比较。结果表明:通过正交实验得出,酰亚胺四酸酐合成的最优反应条件为酰亚胺化反应温度135℃,时间5 h,二甲苯与产物水质量比6∶1,均苯四甲酸酐(PMDA)与4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)摩尔比2.3∶1.0;傅里叶变换红外光谱表征所合成的酰亚胺四酸酐和La-1为目标产物;La-3的热分解温度大于550℃,高于PA 66的热分解温度,La-1,La-2,La-3的热稳定性均弱于纯PA 66;La-3,La-4对PA 66的抗黄变性效果比La-1,La-2的要好,这是由于硬脂酸长链热稳定性差及芳香酸镧中的邻苯二甲酸结构中残存羟基量对PA 66热氧化稳定性造成影响的缘故。     

The Antithrombotic Agent Pterostilbene Interferes with Integrin αIIbβ3-Mediated Inside-Out and Outside-In Signals in Human Platelets

Platelets play a crucial role in the physiology of primary hemostasis and pathological processes such as arterial thrombosis; thus, developing a therapeutic target that prevents platelet activation can reduce arterial thrombosis. Pterostilbene (PTE) has remarkable pharmacological activities, including anticancer and neuroprotection. Few studies have reported the effects of pterostilbene on platelet activation. Thus, we examined the inhibitory mechanisms of pterostilbene in human platelets and its role in vascular thrombosis prevention in mice. At low concentrations (2–8 μM), pterostilbene strongly inhibited collagen-induced platelet aggregation. Furthermore, pterostilbene markedly diminished Lyn, Fyn, and Syk phosphorylation and hydroxyl radical formation stimulated by collagen. Moreover, PTE directly hindered integrin α_IIbβ₃ activation through interfering with PAC-1 binding stimulated by collagen. In addition, pterostilbene affected integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated outside-in signaling, such as integrin β₃, Src, and FAK phosphorylation, and reduced the number of adherent platelets and the single platelet spreading area on immobilized fibrinogen as well as thrombin-stimulated fibrin clot retraction. Furthermore, pterostilbene substantially prolonged the occlusion time of thrombotic platelet plug formation in mice. This study demonstrated that pterostilbene exhibits a strong activity against platelet activation through the inhibition of integrin α_IIbβ₃-mediated inside-out and outside-in signaling, suggesting that pterostilbene can serve as a therapeutic agent for thromboembolic disorders.     

上层液中淀粉糖苷产品的回收研究

以淀粉为糖源,采用转糖苷法合成淀粉糖苷表面活性剂,对产品合成后的上层液进行分离回收,对分离得到的产品进行FTIR、GC-MS表征和理化性质分析,并与下层多苷产品做性能对比研究。实验结果表明,上层液中分离回收的产品基本为淀粉单糖苷表面活性剂,其表面张力为24.77~29.50 mN/m,CMC为2.0×10-3g/L。     

Effect of gross cardiac glycoside content of seeds of common milkweed,Asclepias syriaca,on cardiac glycoside uptake by the milkweed bugOncopeltus fasciatus

Milkweed bugs,Oncopeltus fasciatus, were fed seeds of common milkweed,Asclepias syriaca, that contained differing concentrations of cardiac glycoside. Whole seeds had a mean cardiac glycoside concentration of 4.01 mg equivalents to digitoxin per g dry weight, and seed embryos had a mean concentration of 5.56 mg/g dry weight. Bugs fed these seeds concentrated cardiac glycoside: their mean concentration was 6.85 mg/g dry weight. Milkweed bugs fed seeds of lower cardiac glycoside content sequestered a greater percent of the available glycoside than bugs fed seeds of high glycoside content. The quantitative variation of cardiac glycoside content of the seeds of this single species did not significantly affect the growth of bugs. In a separate feeding preference experiment, bugs were offered seeds of both high (5.18 mg/g dry weight) and low (2.30 mg/g dry weight) cardiac glycoside content. The bugs showed no indication of selecting seeds of either high or low glycoside content.     

生物合成槲皮素糖苷类衍生物的研究进展

糖苷类天然产物是植物中次级代谢产物的主要存在形式，具有重要的生物活性。通过糖基化修饰可以改变其水溶性、稳定性，产生特殊的生物活性和功能，因此易于商品化应用，具有重要的药用价值和工业价值，尤其在抗癌药物和日化用品中有着广泛应用。近年来糖苷类产物的生物合成也取得了重大的进展。以重要的糖苷化合物槲皮素为例介绍了糖苷化合物的生物合成，从糖基转移酶和前体供应等角度阐述了生物高产糖苷类化合物的工程策略,为利用合成生物学技术获得植物糖苷的高产菌株提供了技术参考。     

甲基葡萄糖苷倍半硬脂酸酯合成研究

研究了催化剂和温度等因素对合成高档乳化剂－甲基葡萄糖苷倍半硬脂酸酯反应的影响，得到了如下的合成条件：甲基葡萄糖苷与硬脂酸的摩尔比为1：1．6，复合磷酸盐为催化剂，用量以硬脂酸计质量分数为0．42%，以应温度控制在200℃-210℃，反应压力控制在0．02MPa左右。     

Surfactants from fatty esters of polyalkoxylated polyol glycosides

The glycoside raw materials used to prepare the surfactants were mixtures produced directly from low cost starch and the polyols by transglycosidation. After alkoxylation with ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, the glycosides were transesterified by the methyl esters of various fatty acids to yield the final products. Monolaurates of the polyalkoxylated glycosides containing a combination of 8 mol ethylene oxide and 4 mol propylene oxide per mole of glycoside showed detergency in an alkaline formulation comparable to two commercial detergents. An advantage in this application is the potential for complete biodegradation because of the fatty ester carbohydrate structures. The two monolaurates of glycerol glycoside polyethers containing 4.8 and 8 mol propylene oxide, in particular, produced oil-inwater emulsions of high stability. ARS, USDA.     

两种天然甜味剂甜菊苷和瑞鲍迪苷A在不同溶剂中的溶解度测定

用高效液相色谱（HPLC）法测定了两种天然甜味剂甜菊苷和瑞鲍迪苷A在不同纯溶剂中的固液平衡数据，温度范围为288.15~328.15 K。从实验数据知，所有研究的体系的溶解度均随温度的升高而增大。实验数据用三参数方程和NRTL模型拟合，拟合结果显示，两种模型均有好的拟合结果。由得到的溶解度数据，可指导甜菊苷与瑞鲍迪苷A的分离及结晶纯化溶剂的选择。     

Emulsification properties of polyesters and sucrose ester blends II: Alkyl glycoside polyesters

Surface active properties such as surface and interfacial tension reductions and stability of oil-in-water (o/w) and water-in-oil (w/o) emulsions by alkyl glycoside fatty acid polyesters, a potential fat substitute, and emulsifier blends of alkyl glycoside polyesters and Ryoto sugar esters were investigated. Our results indicate that blending of lipophilic and hydrophilic emulsifying agents produces a synergistic effect on reduction of surface and interfacial tensions and may, in some cases, result in more stable emulsions. Alkyl glycoside polyesters may be suitable for w/o emulsions, such as margarine and butter, and their blends with hydrophilic emulsifiers will produce reduced calorie emulsifiers suitable for use in o/w emulsions, such as salad dressing. There appears to be great potential for using such emulsifier blends in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical applications.     

Synthesis of alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters in non-aqueous media byCandida sp. lipase

Alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters were successfully synthesized by lipase-catalyzed transesterification of methyl glucoside, methyl glucoside, methyl galactoside and octyl glucoside with methyl oleate. The experiments were carried out in organic media with lipase enzymes fromCandida sp. as biocatalysts. Time course and the effects of temperature, solvent type, substrate concentration, added water and of immobilizedvs. nonimmobilized enzyme were studied. The optimal conditions for the enzymatic synthesis of alkyl glycoside fatty acid esters were: a molar ratio of alkyl glycoside and methyl oleate of 1:4, an immobilized lipase, SP382 fromCandida sp.; benzene/pyridine (2:1, vol/vol) with no added water; temperature, 55°C; reaction time, 48 h; and shaking at 200 rpm. Acceptable levels of oleic acid incorporation (58.6–100 mol%) onto the alkyl glycosides were achieved.     

Polyoxyethylene ethers of some polyol glycosides and their fatty esters

Starch heated with a polyol, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, or glycerol, in the presence of an acid catalyst undergoes transglycosidation and forms a mixture of polyol glycosides. This mixture is sufficiently heat-stable to permit polyetherification with ethylene oxide. The preparation and properties of a number of glycoside polyoxyethylene ethers are described. Nonionic emulsifying agents were prepared by reacting glycoside polyethers with either saturated or unsaturated long-chain fatty acids and linseed oil. In general, the esterified glycoside polyethers exhibited good emulsifying action, and the unsaturated esters of the polyethers possessed film-forming properties. Presented at the AOCS meeting in New Orleans, La., 1962. A laboratory of the No. Utiliz. Res. & Dev. Div., ARS, U.S.D.A.