基于碳纤维复合材料热性能的研究进展综述

综述了碳纤维复合材料在热性能方面的研究现状以及在其领域的应用,由于复合材料传热具有各向异性的特点,使得复合材料间传热性能存在差异,同时归纳了碳纤维复合材料热性能的相关研究方法,总结分析了影响碳纤维复合材料的热性能的因素,能够进一步了解其传热变化规律。最后,对碳纤维复合材料在实际的应用前景进行了展望。     

基于碳纤维复合材料热性能的研究进展综述

综述了碳纤维复合材料在热性能方面的研究现状以及在其领域的应用,由于复合材料传热具有各向异性的特点,使得复合材料间传热性能存在差异,同时归纳了碳纤维复合材料热性能的相关研究方法,总结分析了影响碳纤维复合材料的热性能的因素,能够进一步了解其传热变化规律。最后,对碳纤维复合材料在实际的应用前景进行了展望。     

CB／HDPE复合材料导电性能及导电行为研究

通过熔融共混的方法制备了CB／氯化聚乙烯（CPE）／HDPE复合材料和复合热稳定剂（15％抗氧剂1010,35％抗氧剂DLTP,50％硬脂酸钙）／CB／HDPE复合材料。通过导电性能测试研究TCPE和合热稳定剂对复合材料的导电性能和PTC导电行为的影响。DSC测试研究了复合材料热性能及其对复合材料的导电行为的影响。结果表明,随着CPE用量的增加,复合材料的导电性能提高;复合热稳定剂提高了复合材料的热稳定性,提高热老化后复合材料的PTC强度,可达4个数量级。     

填充聚丙烯的热氧老化性能研究

制备了一种无机矿物填料填充聚丙烯(PP)复合材料,并采用热烘箱老化法,研究了PP的等规度、成核剂、填料的种类与含量及抗氧剂对复合材料热氧老化性能的影响。结果表明,PP的等规度越大,复合材料热氧老化性能越好;成核剂也能提高复合材料的热氧老化性能;填料对复合材料的热氧老化性能有较大影响,其含量越高、粒径越小,复合材料老化性能越差,经表面活化处理的填料体系相比表面未经处理的填料体系具有更好的热氧老化性能;同时也发现,相比对称性受阻酚抗氧剂,非对称性受阻酚抗氧剂能够显著提高复合材料的热氧老化性能。红外光谱表明,聚丙烯在老化过程中,在波数1 730 cm-1产生了典型的羰基C=O强吸收峰,说明聚丙烯分子链发生了老化断裂。     

玻璃纤维／环氧树脂复合材料的热性能

本文采用E-玻璃纤维作为增强材料、双酚A环氧树脂和芳胺类固化剂作为基体制成复合材料试样,利用动态与静态热分析方法测定玻璃纤维／环氧树脂基复合材料的热性能,研究了玻璃纤维含量对复合材料动态热机械性能、玻璃化温度等热性能的影响。     

阻燃竹纤维增强聚乳酸复合材料降解性能的研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)为原料,乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)为增塑剂,利用竹纤维作为增强体,加入聚磷酸铵/淀粉/甲酰胺、双氰胺(APP/TS/FD)混合膨胀型阻燃剂,制备阻燃型竹纤维/PLA复合材料,通过分析土埋、热老化两种条件下,复合材料表面形貌、燃烧性能、热性能、吸水性能、力学性能的变化,研究竹纤维增强PLA复合材料的降解性能。研究表明,在热老化情况下,复合材料的力学性能变化更为明显,在80℃下热老化12天后复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别降低了86.6%和77.1%,而土埋3个月后的拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别降低了71.9%和61.8%,处理前后复合材料的燃烧性能和热性能均无明显变化。     

玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯的性能研究

通过制备长玻璃纤维与短玻璃纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料,对比研究了在一定温度下的不同复合材料的弯曲性能与热性能。结果表明,在相同玻璃纤维含量下,长玻璃纤维增强PP的弯曲性能与热变形温度均高于短纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料。     

反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯/炭黑导电复合材料的形状记忆性能

采用熔融共混法及适度硫化工艺制备了反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯/炭黑导电复合材料,研究了该复合材料的力学性能、导电性、热致及电致形状记忆性能。结果表明,随炭黑用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度先增加后减少,拉断伸长率逐渐降低,100%定伸应力和300%定伸应力呈升高趋势;高导电炭黑可大幅提高复合材料的导电性,复合材料的热刺激响应回复温度逐渐升高,热致形变回复率和热致回复速度均降低,热致形状记忆性能降低。复合材料具有良好的电致形状记忆性能,高导电炭黑的用量和外加电压对复合材料的电致形状记忆性能有重要影响,电致形变回复率和回复速度随外加电压或高导电炭黑用量的增加而增加。     

反式-1，4-聚异戍二烯／炭黑导电复合材料的形状记忆性能

采用熔融共混法及适度硫化工艺制备了反式-1．4-聚异戊二烯／炭黑导电复合材料．研究了该复合材料的力学性能、导电性、热致及电致形状记忆性能。结果表明．随炭黑用量的增加,复合材料的拉伸强度先增加后减少．拉断仲长率逐渐降低。100％定伸应力和300％定伸应力呈升高趋势;高导电炭黑可大幅提高复合材料的导电性,复合材料的热刺激响应回复温度逐渐升高．热致形变回复率和热致回复速度均降低,热致形状记忆性能降低。复合材料具有良好的电致形状记忆性能．高导电炭黑的用量和外加电压对复合材料的电致形状记忆性能有重要影响．电致形变回复率和回复速度随外加电压或高导电炭黑用量的增加而增加。     

热氧老化对无卤膨胀阻燃PP/LGF复合材料性能的影响

用熔融共混法制备了膨胀阻燃剂填充长玻纤增强聚丙烯(PP/LGF)复合材料,并采用热烘箱老化法,研究了140℃条件下不同热氧老化时间对复合材料热氧老化性能的影响。通过热分析、锥形量热、极限氧指数、垂直燃烧测试对其热解和燃烧性能进行了研究。结果表明,随着老化时间的延长,PP/LGF复合材料的极限氧指数值明显提高,且垂直燃烧等级基本保持不变;并且复合材料的热释放速率峰值、热释放速率平均值和总热释放速率值不断增大。热氧老化对PP/LGF复合材料的最大热失重速率所对应的温度无太大影响,但却显著降低了复合材料的起始分解温度。     

Biopolyamide hybrid composites for high performance applications

This study focuses on the performance characteristics of wood/short carbon fiber hybrid biopolyamide11 (PA11) composites. The composites were produced by melt‐compounding of the fibers with the polyamide via extrusion and injection molding. The results showed that mechanical properties, such as tensile and flexural strength and modulus of the wood fiber composites were significantly higher than the PA11 and hybridization with carbon fiber further enhanced the performance properties, as well as the thermal resistance of the composites. Compared to wood fiber composites (30% wood fiber), hybridization with carbon fiber (10% wood fiber and 20% carbon fiber) increased the tensile and flexural modulus by 168% and 142%, respectively. Izod impact strength of the hybrid composites exhibited a good improvement compared to wood fiber composites. Thermal properties and resistance to water absorption of the composites were improved by hybridization with carbon fiber. In overall, the study indicated that the developed hybrid composites are promising candidates for high performance applications, where high stiffness and thermal resistance are required. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43595.     

碳纳米管材料导热性能的实验研究

本文对碳纳米管与环氧树脂(Epoxy-EP)复合材料的导热性能进行了定量的研究,探索了CNTs/EP复合材料的制备方法,运用Hotdisk热常数分析仪研究了CNTs/EP复合材料的导热系数;利用CNTs/EP两相复合材料的导热理论模型得到了室温下单壁碳纳米管(Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes-SWCNTs)的导热系数为3980 W/(m.K),双壁碳纳米管的导热系数(Double-Wall Carbon Nanotubes-DWCNTs)为3580 W/(m.K),以及多壁碳纳米管(Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes-MWCNTs)的导热系数为2860 W/(m.K)。     

碳纳米管改性氟橡胶的性能研究

开展了碳纳米管材料对氟橡胶复合材料的改性研究,探究碳纳米管含量对氟橡胶复合体系物理性能、热性能、微观结构形貌、透气性以及宏观力学性能的影响。在此基础上模拟高温高压条件进行老化试验,对老化试验前后材料的硬度变化、体积变化、拉伸性能、撕裂性能和压缩永久变形量进行了测量与分析。结果表明,拉伸强度和撕裂强度随碳管含量增加表现增加的规律,基于脆断表面和热失重断面证实了本文实现了高含量碳纳米管的均匀分散,并且一维纳米材料构筑的碳纳米管网络结构有助于氟橡胶复合材料气体阻隔性能提升;基于老化前后的性能对比数据,表明碳纳米管的存在有助于老化后氟橡胶宏观性能的保持。     

Improving the performance of carbon/graphite composites through the synergistic effect of electrostatic self-assembled carbon nanotubes and nano carbon black

Superior performance fillers are considered as an effective means to enhance the performance of carbon/graphite composites. However, poor interfacial properties and incomplete filler networks limit the performance enhancement of the composites. In this study, a new method was proposed to weaken this impact through the synergistic effect of the electrostatic self-assembly of nano carbon black (NCB) onto carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results showed that the synergistic effect between NCB and the CNTs significantly improved the mechanical and electrical properties of the composites. NCB reduces the porosity of the composites and increases the interaction between the CNTs and matrix. The compressive strength of the composite was 143.2 Mpa, and the flexural strength was 46.3 MPa, which is 210% higher than that of the pristine carbon/graphite composites. Moreover, NCB and CNTs form a globally connected synergistic network in the carbon skeleton. Composites filled with CNTs/NCB exhibited the lowest resistivity and highest thermal conductivity, with a resistance that was 42% lower than that of pristine carbon/graphite composites at 44.8 μΩ m. All of these results suggest that the synergistic effect of CNTs/NCB show great potential to improve the performance of carbon/graphite composites.     

Thermal and ablative properties of binary carbon nanotube and nanodiamond reinforced carbon fibre epoxy matrix composites

The thermal and ablative properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) and nanodiamond (ND) reinforced carbon fibre epoxy matrix composites were investigated by simulating shear forces and high temperatures using oxyacetylene torch apparatus. Three types of composite specimens—(i) carbon fibre epoxy matrix composite (CF/Epoxy), (ii) carbon fibre epoxy matrix composite containing 0.1 wt-% CNTs and 0.1 wt-% NDs, and (iii) carbon fibre epoxy matrix composite containing 0.2 wt-% CNTs and 0.2 wt-% NDs—were explored. The ablative response of composites was studied through pre- and post-burnt SEM analysis and further related with thermogravimetric analysis, weight loss profile and thermal conductivity measurements. The novel nanofiller composites showed marked improvement in their thermal and ablative properties. A 22% and 30% increase in thermal conductivity was observed for composites containing 0.1 wt-% CNTs/0.1 wt-% NDs and 0.2 wt-% CNTs/0.2 wt-% NDs respectively. These nanofillers also improved the thermal stability of thermosetting epoxy matrix, and an increase of 13% and 20% was recorded in the erosion rate of composites containing 0.1 wt-% CNTs/0.1 wt-% NDs and 0.2 wt-% CNTs/0.2 wt-% NDs respectively. This improvement is due to the increased char yield produced by the increase in the loading of nanofillers, i.e. CNTs and NDs. Insulation index and insulation to density performance have also been improved due to increased thermal conductivity and char yield.     

高氯酸铵复合物研究概况

对近年来高氯酸铵(AP)与推进剂燃烧剂、燃烧催化剂、高导热材料碳纳米管(CNTs)组成的复合物的热分解性能进行了总结,介绍了燃烧剂、催化剂和CNTs在含AP推进剂中的应用效果。结合当前含AP推进剂研究现状,认为AP复合处理是改善推进剂燃烧性能、能量性能和工艺性能的新型方法和有效途径,AP复合物具有良好的工程应用前景。     

碳纳米管改性方法对其与聚氨酯的复合材料性能的影响

通过强酸回流、强碱球磨方法分别对碳纳米管进行了改性处理,采用溶液共混法制备了聚氨酯/碳纳米管复合材料。探讨了碳纳米管改性方法对复合材料的化学结构、微观形态、力学性能、热稳定性能以及导电性能的影响。结果表明,在聚氨酯基体中添加经化学改性处理的碳纳米管使复合材料的氢键增多,力学性能、热稳定性和导电性能都得到了提高。聚氨酯/强碱球磨处理碳纳米管复合材料中的氢键数目更多,综合性能也更优异,而且碳纳米管在聚氨酯基体中的分散更均匀。     

碳材料复合橡胶研究进展

综述了各种碳材料复合橡胶的发展及研究进程,主要介绍了石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、碳纳米管等碳系材料结构、功能化方式及橡胶复合材料加工方法,得出各种碳材料不仅能较大改善橡胶的各种基础性能,而且赋予了橡胶很多新的功能,比如热量传导、电荷传输,因而能够提高橡胶产品性价比和档次。     

碳纤维增强聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能

采用硝酸液相氧化法改性短切碳纤维(NCF),用以制备聚丙烯(PP)复合材料。以纤维含量和纤维种类为变量,通过万能力学试验机、熔体流动速率试验机、差示扫描量热、X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜等研究它们对材料力学性能、流动性能、熔融温度以及结晶性能的影响。实验结果表明,纤维的含量影响纤维在基体中的分布,进而显著影响材料的性能,且含量在10%至20%区内时具有较好的增强效果;NCF与PP的界面具有更强的粘附力,这提升了复合材料的力学强度,降低了材料的断裂伸长率,降低了材料的熔融流动速率,提升了材料的结晶温度与结晶度,略微降低了材料的熔融温度;纤维含量与纤维种类均对材料的结晶晶型无明显影响。     

Effects of Carbon Fillers on Crystallization Properties and Thermal Conductivity of Poly(phenylene sulfide)

Differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy methods were used to investigate the crystallization behavior and isothermal crystallization kinetics of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS)/carbon nanotube (CNT) and PPS/CNT/carbon fiber (CF) composites. In this article, the influences of CNT and CF on PPS crystallization behavior are explained. The thermal conductivity properties of composites were studied using the laser flash method. The results show that CNT increased crystallization temperature and rate and thermal conductivity greatly improved at 8 wt.% CNT content. In addition, the crystallization and thermal performance of PPS are significantly improved via synergistic effects of CNT and CF in the composites.