石脑油催化加氢工艺研究

介绍了石脑油催化加氢处理和加氢裂化工艺技术,重点介绍了石脑油加氢裂化技术,包括单段加氢裂化工艺、两段加氢裂化工艺、单段串联工艺;描述了国内外石脑油催化加氢催化剂的种类、研究和开发,国外以UOP和Chevron公司为代表,国内以抚顺石油化工研究院(FRIPP)为代表;探讨了石脑油催化加氢工艺现存问题—石脑油加氢反应器降压升高的原因及目前根据实际工艺情况可采取的部分解决方案。     

乙烯基乙炔选择加氢制丁二烯工艺研究

采用硝酸钯二水化合物(Pd(NO_3)_2·2H_2O)通过等体积浸渍法制备负载型Pd催化剂,在其催化下,乙烯基乙炔(MVA)选择加氢制丁二烯;研究负载型Pd催化剂的制备工艺以及MVA选择加氢制丁二烯的工艺条件,并对催化剂的催化性能及加氢效果进行表征。结果表明:以氧化铝(α-Al_2O_3)为载体,负载Pd质量分数为0.08%,还原温度400℃时,制备的负载型Pd催化剂(Pd/α-Al_2O_3)结晶良好,对载体结构的影响不明显,催化剂的孔结构比较均匀,对MVA选择加氢反应的催化性能好;在MVA选择加氢催化剂评价装置上,在Pd/α-Al_2O_3催化下进行MVA选择加氢反应,较佳工艺条件为反应温度30℃、MVA空速100 mL/(h·g)、炔氢比1.2,反应的主要产物为丁二烯,MVA转化率达到50%,丁二烯选择性达到85%。     

离子液体及负载型钯催化剂在加氢反应中的研究进展

离子液体因其独特的溶剂性能、催化性能及结构可设计性,在催化体系中可作溶剂、催化活性中心、稳定剂、分散剂等。负载型钯催化剂具有比表面积大、金属分散性和热稳定性好等优点,但存在着催化剂对目标产物选择性差、成本高、反应机理尚不明确等问题。本文以苯酚选择性加氢为探针反应,综述了该反应对催化剂的要求及贵金属钯的优势。将苯酚加氢催化剂分为无机负载钯催化剂、聚合物负载钯催化剂和离子液体-聚合物负载钯催化剂三类,并分析了载体性质、助剂、离子液体、钯盐等对催化性能的影响。分析表明:具有一定规则微观形貌、含P、N等元素的非多孔性多官能团碱性载体催化效果较好,且载体中含有较多碱性中心,有利于催化剂活性和选择性的提高;助剂Na、K、Al、Ni、Ca、Cs等的加入可在降低成本的同时提高催化性能;钯盐Pd(OAc)_2加氢性能优于Pd(acac)_2、Pd Cl_2、Pd(NO_3)_2;离子液体的引入不仅使反应体系易分离、反应条件降低,而且提高了催化剂活性和选择性。今后的主要发展方向是深入研究离子液体在催化加氢过程中的作用、催化加氢机理、催化剂稳定性等。     

苯乙酮不对称加氢催化剂的研究

制备了钯-壳聚糖催化剂并用于苯乙酮的氢转移不对称催化加氢反应.考察了催化剂制备过程中所采用的溶剂、N/P物质的量比等对苯乙酮的不对称催化加氢反应性能的影响.以无水乙醇为溶剂,制备的n(N)n(Pd)=1的钯-壳聚糖催化剂上,苯乙酮不对称加氢反应的转化率为48.1%,苯乙醇的对映体过量值为100%.     

高分散负载型钯基催化剂的制备及催化加氢研究进展

贵金属钯具有良好的催化性能和稳定性,是理想的加氢反应催化剂。贵金属钯成本较高,这一定程度上限制了其在大规模生产中的应用。为了提高贵金属钯催化加氢反应效率和催化稳定性,有效降低贵金属钯的单位消耗,开发高分散负载型钯基催化剂是有效途径之一。综述了近年来高分散负载型钯基催化剂的制备方法及其在加氢反应中的催化行为。     

催化加氢制备4,4′-ODA研究进展

综述了催化加氢制备4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(4,4′-ODA)的研究进展，重点介绍了加氢催化剂、催化工艺和溶剂的选择。负载型镍(Ni)基催化剂、包覆Ni纳米颗粒催化剂和非晶态Ni-B合金催化剂均表现出优异的加氢活性和选择性，有望取代传统的贵金属加氢催化剂。混合溶剂比单一溶剂更理想，可以提高产品的收率和纯度。未来的发展重点是开发催化加氢连续化生产工艺及相应的催化剂，以降低生产成本，提高产品质量。     

2-乙基蒽醌加氢用新型钯催化剂研究进展

高活性、高选择性催化剂是解决蒽醌法生产过氧化氢过程中瓶颈问题的根本途径。评述近年来新型蒽醌加氢用钯催化剂研究中载体改性、新型载体(包括高分子载体和纳米纤维状氧化铝载体)、助催化剂及新制备技术等方面的最新进展,指出通过载体改性可提高现有催化剂的活性和选择性,而助催化组分和新催化剂制备工艺应是今后蒽醌加氢催化剂研究的重点方向。     

钯、铂催化剂在硝基苯催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚反应中的比较

制备了一系列不同金属粒径的活性炭负载钯、铂催化剂,用于硝基苯液相催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚反应.采用N2-物理吸附、联碱滴定和TEM等表征手段对活性炭载体及其负载钯、铂催化剂进行表征.结果表明,对氨基苯酚选择性与钯、铂活性组分的金属粒径存在紧密的内在联系,说明活性炭负载钯、铂催化剂对于硝基苯液相催化加氢合成对氨基苯酚的反应...     

由废钯催化剂回收钯

1 钯催化剂的用途 海绵状钯能吸收大量氢气,是一种选择性良好的低温加氢催化剂,它能在许多种化学反应中起催化作用。 本文介绍由废钯催化剂回收钯的生产工艺,该工艺也可用于其它含钯物料的钯回收。     

钯/陶瓷膜催化剂的制备及其催化性能

采用硅烷偶联剂KH792对陶瓷膜表面进行改性,再利用浸渍还原法制备了钯/陶瓷膜催化剂,并以对硝基苯酚催化加氢为模型反应研究其催化性能,主要考察了制备参数对钯/陶瓷膜催化剂催化性能的影响。结果表明:硅烷偶联剂的改性条件、钯盐溶液浸渍条件以及水合肼还原条件均显著影响钯/陶瓷膜催化剂的催化性能。合适的的制备条件为硅烷偶联剂KH792浓度0.2 g/L,改性时间8 h;钯浸渍溶液浓度0.040 mol/L,浸渍温度30℃,浸渍时间18 h;水合肼还原温度0℃,还原30 min。在该条件下制备的钯/陶瓷膜催化剂在对硝基苯酚催化加氢反应中具有较好的催化性能,其加氢速率达到17.2 mol/(h·m2)。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.