水煤浆气化炉的形式和新型气化炉的开发

对目前世界上3种主要的气化炉--德士古(Texaco)水煤浆气化炉、道(Dow)水煤浆气化炉和多喷嘴对置式水煤浆气化炉,从工艺流程到气化炉内流场结构都进行了比较说明,同时分析了各种气化炉的优缺点,在此基础上,结合各种气化炉的优点,自行开发设计了一种新型水煤浆气化炉.后期的冷态和热态数值模拟计算以及实验测试结果表明,该气化炉具有流场分布合理、颗粒平均停留时间长、出口粗煤气有效气成分高等优点.     

气化炉制造工艺研究分析

随着气化炉应用的不断扩大,气化炉制造工艺的研究越来越重要。本文介绍了气化炉的结构和制造特点,分析了气化炉制造的难点。这些难点贯穿于主要零部件的焊接、探伤、热处理、组装及试验等典型制造工艺之中,为制造安全性高、实用性强的气化炉提供技术支持。     

气化炉制造工艺研究分析

随着气化炉应用的不断扩大,气化炉制造工艺的研究越来越重要。本文介绍了气化炉的结构和制造特点,分析了气化炉制造的难点。这些难点贯穿于主要零部件的焊接、探伤、热处理、组装及试验等典型制造工艺之中,为制造安全性高、实用性强的气化炉提供技术支持。     

德士古气化炉投料失败原因分析

德士古气化炉投料成功与否,受诸多因素影响,如气化炉膛温度,煤浆浓度,氧煤比及煤浆、氧气阀门动作顺序正确与否等,其中气化炉的蓄热量（即气化炉炉膛温度）是一个关键因素。在气化炉投料过程中,出现了各种各样影响气化炉投料失败的原因,通过比较有针对意义的德士古气化炉开车投料过程进行了分析、总结。     

壳牌气化炉热负荷用于控制反应温度的论析

提出了通过气化炉热负荷的变化,控制壳牌气化炉内气化反应温度的新思路。论述了气化炉热负荷的计算方法及其用于控制气化炉反应温度的优势;通过生产运行数据,对比了不同参数变化对气化炉热负荷和蒸汽产量的影响;结果表明,气化炉热负荷参数能够更真实地反映气化炉的操作状态。     

气化炉技术在能源转型中的应用与前景

首先介绍了能源转型的背景和意义,然后重点探讨了气化炉技术在能源转型中的应用。具体包括气化炉技术的基本原理和分类、气化炉技术在不同领域的应用情况以及气化炉技术在能源转型中的前景。最后,提出了需要进一步研究和发展的问题,以期推动气化炉技术在能源转型中的应用。     

保障气化炉人孔安全稳定运行的几点措施

气化炉人孔由于长期接触H2S、NH3等腐蚀性物质以及承受气化炉内高温、高压易造成气化炉人孔泄漏、人孔温度高、人孔处爆燃等现象,给气化炉的安全稳定运行造成很大的威胁。本文针对这些现象分析了其原因,并在此基础上,提出了保障气化炉人孔安全稳定运行的一些具体措施。     

基于Deltav控制系统对气化炉炉温控制指标的改进及应用

介绍了Shell气化炉炉温控制指标,分析了各项炉温控制指标的优缺点,通过筛选对比,选择热负荷作为气化炉炉温新的控制指标,利用现有的Deltav控制系统,简化了热负荷的计算结果。热负荷控制和常规的蒸汽产量控制炉温的对比结果表明,选择热负荷作为气化炉炉温控制指标,不受气化炉负荷、锅炉给水温度、炉水温度、汽包压力等影响,能够平稳快速的反映气化炉炉温,有利于将气化炉温度控制在合理的范围之内。     

四喷嘴水平对置式水煤浆气化炉加高改造的焊接工艺分析

阐述了四喷嘴水平对置式水煤浆气化炉加高改造的焊接工艺。结合气化炉现状和实际运行效果,提出了气化炉加高改造的必要性。经论证,并参考其他四喷嘴同类型气化炉装置运行经验得出气化炉加高改造具有可行性。在改造过程中通过对焊接准备、焊接工艺评定、焊接过程控制、焊接检验、焊接返修等阶段的精确把控,保证了焊接质量,改造后的气化炉运行状况良好。     

粉煤气化炉反应室漏水及应对措施研究

介绍了壳牌粉煤加压气化炉中调和水冷却系统和水汽系统的工艺流程,结合壳牌粉煤加压气化炉的运行经验,分析DCS系统工艺指标变化,判定气化炉漏水的具体部位。从气化炉进料稳定性、炉温过高或过低、锅炉给水水质、烧嘴罩安装等方面分析了泄漏的原因,给出提高氧煤比来提高气化炉反应室炉温,降低系统水/汽系统与气化炉反应室压差减少泄漏量等保生产的应急措施。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。