吡啶抽提对不同显微组分煤结构特征的影响

对神东上湾煤(SDR)及由其岩相分离得到的镜质组富集物(SDV)和惰质组富集物(SDI)进行了吡啶抽提,得到不同煤样的抽提率,并对抽提前后的煤样进行了13C-NMR,FTIR和XRD分析表征.结果表明,三种煤样的抽提率(质量分数)顺序为:镜质组富集物(15.78%)上湾煤(13.89%)惰质组富集物(9.45%);通过对吡啶抽提前后煤样的13C-NMR,FTIR和XRD的分析表明,吡啶抽提后三种煤样的芳香度均有所增加,抽提前后煤样的骨架结构没有发生大的变化.     

煤直接液化用煤煤岩组分分布特性及油收率研究

研究了煤直接液化煤粉粒度与煤岩组分的分布关系、煤粉中煤岩组分的旋风分离富集效果及煤岩组成对煤直接液化油收率的影响。结果表明：煤直接液化煤粉的粒径与镜质组含量呈正相关，煤粉粒径越大，其镜质组含量越高；通过自制的固-固分离旋风分离器可以有效富集煤粉中的镜质组，在典型的实验条件下，保证富镜质组煤粉回收率为70%左右时，其镜质组体积分数分别从56.44%、58.07%提高到65.36%、64.74%，分别提高了8.92和6.67个百分点；与煤粉原样相比，旋风分离得到的富镜质组煤粉在高压釜中液化反应的油收率提高了2.91个百分点；总体来看，经过旋风分离富集得到的富镜质组煤样的液化性能优于煤粉原样。     

单侯矿5号、6号煤的煤岩学特征及煤相分析

运用煤岩学和统计学分析方法,采用荧光煤岩显微镜测试技术,对采自蔚县煤田单侯矿5号煤(12个)和6号煤(13个)的25个煤样进行了对比分析。结果显示:5号煤显微组分以镜质组(平均48.85%)和惰质组(平均48.5%)为主,壳质组和矿物含量较少,均不到1%;6号煤显微组分以镜质组(平均59.22%)为主,惰质组(平均34.6%)次之,然后是矿物(平均5.077%),壳质组含量最少,不到1%。由此计算出的煤相参数GI、TPI、VI、GWI值以及TPI-GI和GWI-VI两个煤相图解反映出5号、6号煤成煤环境不同,5号煤是由开阔水域沼泽向干燥森林沼泽的过渡,而6号煤大都处于开阔水域沼泽,两层煤成煤植物以木本植物为主。     

煤吸附常数的影响因素分析

通过对烟煤和无烟煤各煤级173个煤样的平衡水分、灰分、挥发分产率、显微组分、镜质体反射率和吸附常数的综合研究,探讨了煤吸附常数的影响因素,揭示了不同影响因素条件下等温吸附常数的变化规律。结果显示:煤变质程度相近时,平衡水分含量增加,灰分(干基)含量增加,温度升高,吸附常数a有线性下降的趋势。a值与烟煤和无烟煤的镜质组含量及镜质组反射率呈一定的正相关趋势,与挥发分产率呈一定的负相关趋势。b值与烟煤和无烟煤的镜质组反射率呈一定的负相关趋势。各煤级吸附常数a平均值呈较好一次正相关线性关系,吸附常数b平均值呈较好的二次负相关线性关系。     

利用衰减全反射-傅立叶红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)研究低温氧化对煤炭粘结性的影响

文章利用衰减全反射-傅立叶变换红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)技术对两种不同变质程度煤样进行显微组分结构分析,研究了低温氧化对煤炭粘结影响的机理。研究结果表明:低温氧化导致煤粘结指数和挥发份降低。同等氧化条件下,变质程度低的煤的粘结指数下降幅度大于变质程度高的煤。镜质组和壳质组结构中含有的环烷烃和脂肪烃以及活泼羟基的比例较多,是易受氧化的活性组分,煤样中镜质组和壳质组的组分含量越多,氧化对煤样粘结性的影响越大。     

中低煤阶镜煤/暗煤大分子结构及对甲烷吸附的影响

为研究中低阶煤不同宏观煤岩组分微观结构及对甲烷吸附的影响，采集黄陇煤田郭家河、大佛寺、园子沟及黄陵矿区的四种不同煤样，手工剥离不同宏观煤岩成分(镜煤和暗煤),通过傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析、X射线衍射(XRD)分析和等温吸附实验探究中低阶煤分子结构特征及其对甲烷吸附能力的影响。结果表明：同一煤样中镜煤的水分和挥发分产率高于暗煤的水分和挥发分产率，而暗煤的灰分产率和固定碳含量高于镜煤的灰分产率和固定碳含量。镜煤的显微组分中镜质组含量较大、惰质组含量较低，暗煤则相反。红外光谱分析结果表明，同一煤层的镜煤和暗煤红外光谱吸收峰形态相似，官能团类型和含量接近。煤分子结构中主要含氧官能团按含量由高到低依次为C—O,COOH,■,脂肪侧链按含量由高到低依次为CH₂,CH₃,CH。对比煤的准晶体结构发现，中低阶煤煤化程度低，γ带的峰面积整体较大。受煤化作用和压实作用影响，暗煤的堆砌度和堆砌层数大于镜煤的堆砌度和堆砌层数。分子结构特征对甲烷吸附量的影响显著。镜煤的最大甲烷吸附量与芳碳率和缩合度均呈正相关，暗煤的最大甲烷吸附量与芳碳率和缩合度均呈负相关。镜煤...     

矿物质对高碱煤显微组分热解特性的影响

利用固定床热解炉和热重分析仪研究了沙尔湖煤显微组分的热解特性和产物产率,考察了酸洗处理对热解产物和动力学参数的影响。结果表明：经浮沉实验发现镜质组富集于S2（密度为1.4～1.5g/cm³浮选煤样）中,惰质组富集于S3（密度为>1.5g/cm³浮选煤样）中,其中S3所含硅铝酸盐类矿物显著高于S2。且碱及碱土金属（alkali and alkaline earth metals, AAEM）多以可溶性形式存在,经酸洗处理后剩余矿物质主要为石英、高岭土及硅酸盐类。在选用不同煤样进行热解特性分析发现,碱及碱土金属的存在会抑制热解主反应阶段的挥发分释放,而在二次脱气阶段,AAEM矿物质则会提高挥发分的释放速率。且在热解实验中发现,AAEM在热解中会充当煤大分子结构的交联点,降低热解焦油产率。对比不同显微组分发现,惰质组热稳定性更强,镜质组中烷烃侧链较多,芳香度较小,更易受热断裂。采用Doyle积分法确定了沙尔湖煤热解反应的动力学参数。     

配合煤镜质组最大反射率的预测方法

为了研究单种煤的镜质组最大反射率与配合煤镜质组最大反射率之间的关系,采用煤岩分析中的镜质组最大反射率测定方法对9个单种煤及采用均匀设计方法混合的18个配合煤的镜质组最大反射率进行测定及研究。通过对LM1～LM9原料煤的镜质组最大反射率进行分析发现,其分布区间为0.882%～1.446%,符合炼焦煤的镜质组最大反射率满足的分布区间。采用均匀设计U18×(189)实验方法设计这9种原料煤的配煤方案,通过测定发现这18种配煤的反射率区间为0.839%～1.259%,同时发现用均匀设计方法建立的数学模型R值大于0.9999,所以用该数学模型计算的配合煤镜质组最大反射率明显优于常规配煤加和法计算的数值。     

煤结构演化煤化度指标

通过对不同煤化程度煤样的镜质组反射率测定和X衍射等实验,引入煤化度p的概念,对煤的化学成分及微晶结构进行分析,发现煤化度p随煤化程度的升高呈阶段性演化特征,并能规律地反映煤演化过程中成分结构的变化,表明煤化度是表征烟煤阶段煤化程度的可靠指标;在中低煤化程度阶段,煤岩组分是影响煤化度的主要因素:丝炭具有一定的微晶结构,镜煤微晶化程度较低,而树脂煤结构不能用煤化度来描述.     

炼焦煤镜质组反射率及其分布可加性的研究

研究了5种煤镜质组反射率理论加权平均值及实测其配煤的镜质组反射率分布图,结果表明配煤的反射率及其分布具有较好的可加性,原则上可按其单种煤镜质组反射率的理论加权平均值进行计算.     

突出危险煤层回采工作面区域预测研究

谢一矿C15煤层为突出煤层,矿井为了在突出煤层瓦斯灾害综合防治中做到更有针对性,将C15煤层5121（5）工作面作为试验区进行区域突出危险性预测研究。试验表明：以单项指标法、瓦斯地质法、＂综合指标D,K＂法,并结合工作面掘进预测敏感指标分布特征的区域预测方法准确预测出5121（5）工作面的突出危险区域,预测结果极大地降低了矿井的防突投入。     

红庆梁选煤厂降低块煤入选下限的研究

通过对红庆梁邻近矿井煤质资料的分析,说明红庆梁原煤具有低灰、低硫、低磷、中高发热量的特点。根据红庆梁选煤厂原煤特性及产品方案,提出采用弛张筛对原煤进行深度筛分,有效利用重介浅槽,降低块煤洗选下限的优化思路,最终确定红庆梁选煤厂工艺流程为：原煤经弛张筛进行6mm分级,150～6mm入块煤重介浅槽系统洗选,出精煤和矸石产品,-6mm末煤直接作为末煤产品销售。最后对选用工艺的技术可行性进行分析。原煤经重介浅槽分选后＋13mm灰分由13．54％降为6．38％,6～10mm灰分由12．86％降为6．43％,说明重介浅槽分选机对13～6mm末煤具有良好分选效果。弛张筛在谢桥选煤厂和张集北选煤厂使用效果很好．分级效率达80％以上．设备安全可靠。     

无压给料两段两产品重介质旋流器分选动力煤的研究

采用动力煤专用的2GHMC1400/1000AP型无压给料两段两产品重介质旋流器在谢桥选煤新厂进行了工业性试验研究,对于50～0 mm、50～6 mm和部分50～0 mm粒级原料煤分别进行了生产试验,结果表明,该机对原料煤粒度变化适应性强,能从高含矸原煤中有效分选出优质动力煤。     

大型无压给料两段两产品重介质旋流器分选动力煤的研究和应用

介绍了用于动力煤分选的无压给料两段两产品重介质旋流器的结构、特点以及在淮南谢桥选煤新厂的应用效果,并与传统有压给料两产品重介质旋流器进行了对比,根据煤炭工业发展情况,预测其应用前景广阔。     

煤样破碎级和自然级浮沉产率差别

分析了原煤破碎级对浮沉试验结果的影响,说明随着煤样最大标称粒度的减小,煤样精煤产率变化很大,煤样破碎的粒级越小,对精煤产率的影响越大,精煤产率也就越高。万峰原煤不同最大粒度浮沉试验表明:对于最大标称粒度不大于50 mm的煤样,煤样经破碎后,浮沉试验精煤产率提高了16.41%,中煤、矸石产率分别降低了9.43%和1.16%;说明煤样经破碎后得到了进一步解离,精煤产率增加明显,结算时,公司需要额外支付多余的贷款。对于最大标称粒度大于50 mm的煤样,原煤筛分、浮沉试验结果显示,实际+0.5 mm原煤浮沉精煤产率为42.75%,若按汽车采样机所采煤样50～0.5 mm精煤产率55.25%上报,则精煤产率增加了29.24%,公司要多支付实际上不存在的这部分精煤产率的价格,损失重大;因此,必须将汽车采样机所采煤样的浮沉试验结果与+50 mm煤样浮沉产率结合修正后,才能得出煤样的真实浮沉试验结果。     

The macromolecular nature of bituminous coal

Considerable insight into the macromolecular state of coal has been obtained by examining the optical anisotropy of untreated solvent-swollen, and chemically derivatized thin sections of coal. From the effect of pressure on the optical anisotropy, and from the rate and degree of recovery after release of pressure, it was found possible to determine whether the coal is in a plastic or rubbery state, whether a rubbery state is cross-linked and how mobile the macromolecular chain segments are. The experimental technique utilized for this work was transmission optical microscopy in polarized light of uncontaminated thin sections of vitrinite from a bituminous coal. The study included in-situ microscopic examination of swollen coal immersed in pyridine, THF, toluene and several other solvents. Some samples were O-methylated to assess the impact of hydrogen bonding. New results and conclusions derived from this study include: (1) the vitrinite of raw bituminous coal is a plastic macromolecular substance; (2) coal swollen in pyridine (and some other ‘specific’ solvents) is a cross-linked rubber and its macromolecular chain segments have substantial mobility; (3) when pyridine-extracted coal dries, it reverts to a plastic; (4) the large discrepancies previously found between values of M_c (molecular weight between crosslinks) measured by solvent-swelling and by stress-strain techniques is caused by differences in secondary interactions; (5) various solvents can, by their effect on secondary interactions, create appreciably different macromolecular structures in the coal; (6) different solvents, depending on their effect on secondary interactions in the coal, can be expected to extract chemically different molecules from a coal - rates of extraction and the ability of solvents to extract larger molecules should also differ; (7) O-methylated coal is a plastic, and thus, in addition to hydrogen bonding, other secondary interactions are of great importance; (8) it is likely that in their dry condition, solvent-treated coal and O-alkylated coal, as well as untreated coal, are in glassy states; (9) pyridine by itself appears to relax substantially all secondary interactions which are weakened by O-methylation, only permanent bonds are not relaxed; (10) previous measurements of M_c can now be reassessed in view of these results.     

泰克煤炭公司炼焦煤煤质及炼焦性能的研究

对加拿大泰克煤炭公司5个单种煤样进行煤质分析,并分别用40kg、200kg和400kg试验焦炉进行炼焦试验。5个单种煤的灰、硫较低,黏结性较好,除TCA煤是简单混煤外,其余均为单一煤层煤,属于较好的炼焦煤类。5个试验煤样随着煤变质程度由高到低所得试验焦炭冷强度和热性质也由高到低;200kg和400kg试验焦炉所得焦炭的冷热态强度综合排列趋势基本一致,并与加拿大第三方实验室炼焦数据趋势基本一致,而40kg试验焦炉所得焦炭的排列趋势却与之差异明显。     

粒度对煤中晶体矿物组成影响研究

选取A/B/C 3种典型煤样,利用X-射线衍射分析仪研究了煤样在不同粒径区间时其晶体矿物组成的变化情况。结果表明,石英在A煤中其衍射强度随粒径增大呈下降趋势,而在B、C煤中则呈先下降后上升的趋势;高岭石衍射峰强度在A、B煤中是先下降后上升,而在C煤中呈直线下降的变化趋势。石英和高岭石在粒径为74～100μm时,其衍射强度为较低或最低的状态,而黄铁矿、赤铁矿和方解石则在此粒径区间范围内,其衍射强度达到较大或最大峰值;白云母总体变化幅度不是很大。     

赵固一矿选煤厂选煤工艺的确定

通过对赵固一矿选煤厂原煤粒度组成、浮沉试验、可浮性评定和发热量的分析可知:原煤较脆,矸石易泥化,煤泥中存在高灰细泥,原煤块、末煤可选性均为易选。在分析原煤性质及产品定位的基础上,提出了选煤工艺设计原则,确定了末煤分选下限为1.5 mm,并可调节至0.25 mm和0;确定赵固一矿选煤厂选煤工艺流程为:80～13(10)mm块煤采用重介浅槽分选机主再选,13(10)～1.5 mm末煤采用脱泥有压三产品重介旋流器分选,1.50～0.25 mm采用TBS分选,-0.25 mm采用浮选柱分选。最后阐述了选煤厂选煤工艺设计步骤,即应以煤质分析为基础,以产品结构为目标,以设备特点为依托,同时特殊环节特殊关照,确定出最适合选煤厂煤质特征的选煤工艺流程,实现选煤设计的简洁、高效、灵活。     

Dependence of coal liquefaction behaviour on coal characteristics. 8. Aspects of the phenomenology of the liquefaction of some coal

Steps are now being taken to define in more detail the phenomenology of coal liquefaction and to provide a scientific basis for empirical correlations previously established between liquefaction conversion and basic compositional characteristics of coals. The rates of production of oils, asphaltenes and preaphaltenes have been determined at four temperatures for three coals, two of Carboniferous and one of Creaceousage. Products are formed more slowly from the younger coal (which is of slightly lower rank) than from the others, but oxygen, partly as OH but probably mostly in a type of ether, is lost more rapidly. It is estimated that the maximum content of O as cleavable ether is 7.7 atoms/100 C atoms for the younger coal (from Wyoming) and 4.1 and 5.1 for the other two (from Oklahoma and Ohio, respectively). Until ≈ 50% of the amount present in the Oklahoma coal is lost, the rates of removal of oxygen and organic sulphur are approximately equal; beyond this level, the removal of S is more rapid. The loss of organic sulphur from the Ohio coal is slightly faster. Even so, the data do not support the idea that cleavage of thioethers is more rapid than that of ethers and that this is the basic reason why a high organic sulphur content tends to promote liquefaction. Conversion of the pyrite in the Ohio coal to pyrrhotite occurs considerably more rapidly than the pyrite in the Oklahoma coal. In preliminary experiments, it is shown that a curve-resolving programme allows two aromatic and five aliphatic C-H stretching vibrations to be distinguished in FTIR spectra of the hexane-insoluble products, and the distribution changes with degree of conversion. In particular, there is evidence that new aryl methyl are generated during liquefaction, in agreement with evidence from oxidation studies.