PBAT/PLA复合材料的制备和性能研究

为了减少传统塑料废弃物在环境中的积累，生物可降解材料备受关注。在众多可降解材料中，聚己二酸丁二醇酯(PBAT)具有完全生物降解性及优异的力学性能，被认为是聚乙烯等不可降解材料的理想替代品。但PBAT存在加工性差、粘度高等一些缺陷，将聚乳酸(PLA)加入到PBAT中可改善其缺陷。本论文综述了五种最常见的PBAT/PLA复合材料的制备方法，并介绍了不同的改性方式来提高BAT/PLA复合材料的性能，并展望了PBAT/PLA复合材料的发展前景。     

聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)生产技术现状及其研究进展

阐述了目前国内外聚(己二酸丁二醇酯-对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯)（PBAT）工业生产技术特点和产业化现状,通过对比指出了PBAT与传统塑料在性能、成本等方面尚存差距。系统介绍了现阶段国内外研究人员通过熔体混合、溶剂浇铸和原位聚合三种不同方法,制备可降解材料（聚乳酸、聚乙烯醇、聚碳酸亚丙酯和聚丁二酸丁二醇酯）、纳米材料（纤维素纳米晶体、改性纤维素纳米晶体、海泡石和蒙脱土）以及天然高分子材料（淀粉、乙酰化绿竹纤维和工业木质素）改性PBAT复合材料的研究进展,并对PBAT复合材料的降解原理和降解性能进行了讨论。最后对PBAT未来的研究进行了展望,指出PBAT生产技术的未来研究方向应该向综合性能高、低成本和绿色方向发展。     

生物降解材料在水环境中降解性能的研究进展

综述了目前典型生物降解材料在水环境中降解性能的研究现状,详细介绍了聚乳酸（PLA）高分子材料（PLA、PLA共聚物、PLA复合材料等）、聚羟基烷酸酯（PHA）、聚己内酯（PCL）、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯（PBS）、聚（己二酸丁二醇酯?对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯）（PBAT）和CO₂共聚物等在不同水环境中的降解性能;最后总结了生物降解材料未来需要关注的问题和发展方向。     

填充复合材料PBAT的降解性能研究

根据生物降解性塑料完全转化为水和二氧化碳必经过程:吸水、水解和微生物浸蚀的降解机理,采用吸水性、碱液水解测试和土埋法,研究了淀粉、滑石粉、碳酸钙填充聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)复合材料的降解特性。结果表明:淀粉填充PBAT体系有最强的吸水性。淀粉含量越多,碱液浓度越高,水解速度和生物降解速度越快。     

PBAT基复合材料的研究进展

目前全球白色污染问题日益严峻，为解决传统塑料不可降解带来的环境污染问题，使用可降解材料代替传统不可降解塑料成为首选。在众多可降解材料中，PBAT因其优异的生物降解性和力学性能而成为最有希望替代聚乙烯的材料。但PBAT成本高、降解速度相对较慢，制约了其的广泛应用。本文综述PBAT与无机材料(如蒙脱石、CaCO₃和有机纳米黏土)、有机材料(如淀粉、纤维素和改性木质素)和聚合物材料(如聚羟基丁酸酯共聚物、聚碳酸亚丙酯和聚乳酸)的混合，以期解决PBAT成本高、降解速度慢的问题，为后续研究提供参考。     

《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》简介

由张玉霞编著、机械工业出版社出版的《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》一书于2017年6月出版,本书介绍了可生物降解聚合物的种类及目前的生产与应用状况,重点介绍了目前研究得较多、有一定的生产量并得到了一定程度上应用的几种可生物降解塑料,包括可再生资源基、微生物参与制得的可生物降解塑料——乳酸和聚羟基烷酸酯,以及石油基可生物降解塑料——聚己内酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯醇、聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯等,涉及其化学结构、合成工艺、力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、成型工艺等;同时还介绍了其改性方法,包括共混改性及其与纳米材料的复配方法,重点介绍了各种可生物降解塑料与纳米层状硅酸盐(纳米黏土、蒙脱土等)复合材料的制备工艺、复合材料结构、物理与力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、流变性能、阻透性能、阻燃性能等,其中各类可生物降解塑料/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备工艺重点介绍了原位聚合插层法、熔融插层法和溶液插层法。     

《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》简介

由张玉霞编著、机械工业出版社出版的《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》一书于2017年6月出版,本书介绍了可生物降解聚合物的种类及目前的生产与应用状况,重点介绍了目前研究得较多、有一定的生产量并得到了一定程度上应用的几种可生物降解塑料,包括可再生资源基、微生物参与制得的可生物降解塑料——乳酸和聚羟基烷酸酯,以及石油基可生物降解塑料——聚己内酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯醇、聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯等,涉及其化学结构、合成工艺、力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、成型工艺等;同时还介绍了其改性方法,包括共混改性及其与纳米材料的复配方法,重点介绍了各种可生物降解塑料与纳米层状硅酸盐(纳米黏土、蒙脱土等)复合材料的制备工艺、复合材料结构、物理与力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、流变性能、阻透性能、阻燃性能等,其中各类可生物降解塑料/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备工艺重点介绍了原位聚合插层法、熔融插层法和溶液插层法。     

《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》简介

由张玉霞编著、机械工业出版社出版的《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》一书于2017年6月出版,本书介绍了可生物降解聚合物的种类及目前的生产与应用状况,重点介绍了目前研究得较多、有一定的生产量并得到了一定程度上应用的几种可生物降解塑料,包括可再生资源基、微生物参与制得的可生物降解塑料——乳酸和聚羟基烷酸酯,以及石油基可生物降解塑料——聚己内酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯醇、聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯等,涉及其化学结构、合成工艺、力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、成型工艺等;同时还介绍了其改性方法,包括共混改性及其与纳米材料的复配方法,重点介绍了各种可生物降解塑料与纳米层状硅酸盐(纳米黏土、蒙脱土等)复合材料的制备工艺、复合材料结构、物理与力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、流变性能、阻透性能、阻燃性能等,其中各类可生物降解塑料/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备工艺重点介绍了原位聚合插层法、熔融插层法和溶液插层法。     

《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》简介

由张玉霞编著、机械工业出版社出版的《可生物降解聚合物及其纳米复合材料》一书于2017年6月出版,本书介绍了可生物降解聚合物的种类及目前的生产与应用状况,重点介绍了目前研究得较多、有一定的生产量并得到了一定程度上应用的几种可生物降解塑料,包括可再生资源基、微生物参与制得的可生物降解塑料——乳酸和聚羟基烷酸酯,以及石油基可生物降解塑料——聚己内酯、聚丁二酸丁二醇酯、聚乙烯醇、聚对苯二甲酸己二酸丁二醇酯等,涉及其化学结构、合成工艺、力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、成型工艺等;同时还介绍了其改性方法,包括共混改性及其与纳米材料的复配方法,重点介绍了各种可生物降解塑料与纳米层状硅酸盐(纳米黏土、蒙脱土等)复合材料的制备工艺、复合材料结构、物理与力学性能、熔融行为与结晶性能、流变性能、阻透性能、阻燃性能等,其中各类可生物降解塑料/层状硅酸盐纳米复合材料的制备工艺重点介绍了原位聚合插层法、熔融插层法和溶液插层法。     

竹纤维/聚丙烯/可降解塑料复合材料的制备和性能研究

以聚丙烯/可生物降解塑料为基材、竹纤维为增强材料通过熔融共混挤出和注塑成型工艺制备可降解复合材料,研究了复合材料的力学性能、燃烧性能、热学性能、生物降解性等。结果表明,当竹纤维含量为33.33%时,复合材料弯曲强度比不含竹纤维原材料提高了48.25%;断裂伸长率和冲击强度随竹纤维含量增加有所下降。复合材料样条土埋降解42 d后失重率为16%,接种微生物降解42 d后失重率达40.85%,复合材料表现出良好的机械性能和生物降解性。     

Effects of mica modification with ethylene-vinyl acetate wax on the water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of poly-(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) nanocomposite films

Poly-(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) is one of the most popular raw materials for degradable plastic films because of its good biodegradability, ductility, and processability. However, the application of this material is limited by its unsatisfactory water vapor barrier property. This study aims to improve the water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of PBAT films by introducing mica modified by ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer waxes (EVA-mica). The EVA-mica nanosheets showed a more uniform dispersion in the PBAT films than the mica nanosheets. The PBAT/EVA-mica films containing 2% EVA-mica demonstrated outstanding crystallinity, water vapor barrier, and mechanical properties compared with the pure PBAT films. Results showed a 20.23% increase in crystallinity, an 80.09% reduction in water vapor permeability, a 26.82% increase in tensile strength, and a 9.10% increase in tear strength. The enhanced water vapor barrier and mechanical properties of the PBAT/EVA-mica nanocomposite films are favorable for their future application as biodegradable films.     

负离子释放型PBAT功能复合材料的研究

以生物可降解塑料聚己二酸/对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBAT)为连续相基体、电气石粉为分散相,用改性剂山梨醇酐单硬脂酸酯对电气石粉进行表面有机改性,采用湿法熔融共混法制备了PBAT/电气石粉复合材料,探讨了不同工艺条件下改性电气石粉在PBAT中的分散效果,并对PBAT/电气石粉复合材料的力学性能、热稳定性能和负离子释放量进行了考察。结果表明,添加适量的改性电气石粉可以提高PBAT的力学性能,当改性电气石粉添加量为PBAT质量的3%时,PBAT/改性电气石粉复合材料的拉伸强度和断裂伸长率均达到最大值,分别为30.9 MPa和844%,差示扫描量热分析表明,改性电气石粉对PBAT起到异相成核的作用,提高了PBAT的结晶峰温度和结晶度,负离子释放量测试表明,PBAT/改性电气石粉复合材料具有优异的负离子释放功能,当改性电气石粉添加量为PBAT质量的7%时,复合材料的负离子释放量达到了460个/cm3。     

Biodegradable Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites reinforced with bio-based nanochitin: Preparation,enhanced mechanical and thermal properties

The accumulation of nonbiodegradable petrochemical-based polymers in the environment motivates the development and use of low-cost, eco-friendly, and biodegradable polymers. A series of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) composites reinforced by sustainably sourced nanochitin were successfully prepared using melt blending and compression molding methods. Structural, thermal, and mechanical characterizations of poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)/nanochitin composites were performed. SEM revealed that the nanochitin was uniformly dispersed throughout the PBAT matrix at low contents (<2 wt %), while DSC analyses revealed a corresponding increase in the crystallinity (32.6% enhancement) of the PBAT matrix. The tensile strength and elongation at break of the PBAT/nanochitin composite containing 0.5 wt % nanochitin were higher by 82.5 and 64.2%, respectively, compared with pristine PBAT. The Chitin-0.5 composite also showed improved thermal stability compared with PBAT (the char yield improved by 8%) due to the uniform dispersion of nanochitin in the PBAT matrix. The enhanced performance of the PBAT/nanochitin composites, prepared without an added compatibilizer, informs the development of improved biodegradable PBAT-based polymers. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48485.     

An overview on properties and applications of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)–PBAT based composites

There is growing interest in biodegradable polymers (BP), in particular poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT), due to environmental problems associated with the disposal of non‐biodegradable polymers into the environment. However, high production cost and low thermo‐mechanical properties restrict the use of this sustainable material, making its biodegradability advantageous only when it is decisively required. The addition of different compositions of monomers and selective addition of natural fillers have been reported as alternatives to develop more accessible PBAT‐based bioplastics with performance that could match or even exceed that of the most widely used commodity plastics. This review explores the recent progress of the applications and biodegradation of PBAT. The addition of natural fillers and its effect on the final performance of the PBAT‐based composites is also reported with respect to improving the properties of composites. The advance of polymerization reaction engineering combined with sustainable trend offers great opportunities for innovative green chemical manufacturing. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 59:E7–E15, 2019. © 2017 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) and sunflower head residue biocomposites

Utilization of low‐value agricultural waste for polymer composite materials has great environmental and economical benefits. Sunflower head residue (SHR) as an agricultural waste may be used as a reinforcement in polymeric materials because of its fiber characteristics. In this work, composites of biodegradable poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT) and SHR were prepared via melt‐extrusion compounding. To improve interfacial compatibility, maleic anhydride (MA) grafted PBAT (PBAT‐g‐MA) was prepared and used as a compatibilizer for the PBAT/SHR composites. The effects of the concentrations of SHR and PBAT‐g‐MA on the morphology, mechanical properties, melt rheology, and water resistance of the composites were examined. Interfacial adhesion between phases in the PBAT/SHR composites was enhanced by the introduction PBAT‐g‐MA as interface‐strengthening agent, resulting in improved mechanical properties and moisture resistance of the composite. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017 , 134, 44644.     

Melt extruded nanocomposites of polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PBAT) with phenylbutyl isocyanate modified cellulose nanocrystals

Traditional commodity polymers are widely used in several disposable or short‐life items and take hundreds of years to decompose in nature. These polymers could be replaced in several uses by biodegradable polymers, like polybutylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate (PBAT) studied in this work. For this, nonetheless, it is necessary to improve some of the PBAT properties, like mechanical resistance and barrier properties. In this work, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were incorporated in PBAT with this intention, through melt extrusion. Aiming to avoid CNC aggregation during the drying and extrusion process, a CNC chemical modification with phenylbutyl isocyanate was done. It was possible to obtain PBAT‐CNC melt extruded composites with an elastic modulus 55% higher and water vapor permeability 63% lower than the values of the pure polymer, without compromising PBAT biodegradation. Therefore, the composites prepared with these enhanced properties have great potential as substitutes for traditional commodity polymers. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43678.     

Exploring the effects of montmorillonite and halloysite nanotubes on mechanical,optical and barrier properties of poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blown films: Implications for sustainable packaging and food storage

Biodegradable packaging plastics combining good mechanical properties and low gas permeability is required to avoid environmental and food safety concerns. This study explores the impact of montmorillonite (MMT) and halloysite nanotubes (HNT), on the mechanical, optical, and oxygen permeability of blown film poly (butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) composites. The morphology of the films was evaluated by x-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry and scanning electron microscopy. Good distribution/dispersion of clays is found in the PBAT-MMT films. Besides, there is an increase in the crystallinity of PBAT due to the nucleating effect of HNT. Improvement in the tensile strength and elongation at break in the machine direction is obtained up to a clay content of 1.5 vol%. The incorporation of 1.5 vol% of MMT and 1 vol% of HNT leads to a reduction in the oxygen permeability of the PBAT film by 29% and 38% respectively. Furthermore, the films remain transparent regardless of clay content. Finally, the feasibility of the films for food storage is tested in grapes, obtaining extended shelf life. The favorable mechanical, barrier and optical properties of the biodegradable films, along with the scalable production process, make them attractive for application in the storage and preservation of food products.     

PBAT/热塑性玉米淀粉共混改性对结构和力学性能影响

采用价格低廉的玉米淀粉为填充剂来改性生物可降解聚己二酸?对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT），以降低PBAT价格，拓宽应用领域。首先采用丙三醇对玉米淀粉进行塑化，再采用双螺杆挤出机进行造粒获得热塑性淀粉（TPS）粒料，然后采用双螺杆挤出机和注塑机制备不同比例的PBAT/TPS样条，最后分析论文TPS含量对样条结构和力学性能的影响。结果表明，经丙三醇塑化后的淀粉含有大量的羟基，PBAT的结晶结构与PBT的相同，随着TPS含量的增加，PBAT的结晶完善程度逐渐降低，结晶温度向高温方向偏移，拉伸强度和断裂伸长率逐渐降低，而弹性模量有相反的趋势。     

In-situ poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)/soy protein concentrate composites: Effects of compatibilization and composition on properties

In this study, soy protein concentrate (SPC) was blended as plastic with poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT). An extra amount of water was added to SPC prior to compounding to ensure that SPC behaved like a plastic during mixing. Because of the extensive crosslinking and agglomeration during compounding and the fact that most water was evaporated after drying the compounds, the SPC phase was not able to flow like a plastic in the subsequent processing. Therefore, the compounds became in-situ formed composites. The effects of SPC content and compatibilizer on the morphological, rheological, tensile and dynamic mechanical properties of PBAT/SPC blends were studied. Using maleic anhydride grafted PBAT as compatibilizer resulted in fine domain sizes and good dispersion of SPC and hence improved tensile and dynamic mechanical properties. In the presence of compatiblizer, the formation of percolated SPC network structure was observed at high SPC concentrations, subsequently, resulted in drastic changes in rheological properties, mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties of the blends.     

Thermal degradation behaviour of multi‐walled carbon nanotube‐reinforced poly(L‐lactide) nanocomposites

BACKGROUND: Polymer/multi‐walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) composites are one of the most promising alternatives to conventional polymer composites filled with micrometre‐sized fillers. This approach can also be applied for the improvement of mechanical properties and thermal stability of biodegradable aliphatic polyesters, such as poly(L ‐lactide) (PLLA), which have been receiving increasing attention due to environmental concerns. Thermal degradation behaviour provides useful information for the determination of the optimum processing conditions and for identification of potential applications of final products. RESULTS: The PLLA/MWCNT composites investigated showed a higher thermal degradation peak temperature and onset temperature of degradation along with a higher amount of residue at the completion of degradation than neat PLLA. Moreover, PLLA/MWCNT composites with a greater MWCNT content showed higher activation energy of thermal degradation than those with a lower MWCNT loading, which confirmed the positive effect of MWCNT incorporation on the enhancement of PLLA thermal stability. CONCLUSION: This study explored the thermal degradation behaviour of PLLA/MWCNT composites by observing the weight loss, molecular weight and mechanical properties during non‐isothermal and isothermal degradation. The incorporation of MWCNTs into the PLLA matrix enhanced considerably the mechanical properties and thermal stability. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry